List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes commonly used in the English language from P to Z. See also the lists from A to G and from H to O.
Some of those used in medicine and medical technology are not listed here but instead in the entry for List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.
Note that root groups such as "ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, am-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-" are collated under the head item (first item listed), which is sometimes followed by alternative roots that might have collated earlier in the table had they been listed separately (in this example, "a-" and "ac-").
Lists of Greek and Latin roots in English beginning with other letters:
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pac- | peace | Latin | pax, pacis | appease, Pacific, pacify, pay |
| pach-[1] | thick | Greek | παχύς (pakhús), πάχος, πάχεος (pákhos, pákheos) | pachydermata, pachyglossia, pachynsis, Pachypodium |
| pact- | fasten | Latin | pangere "to fix, fasten" | compact, impact, impaction, impinge, page, propagate |
| pact- | agreement | Latin | pacisci "to covenant, to agree, make a treaty" | pact |
| pae-[2] | strike | Greek | παίειν (paíein), (paistos) | anapaest, anapaestic, anapest, anapestic |
| paed-, ped-[3] | child | Greek | παῖς, παιδός (paîs, paidós), παιδικός (paidikós) | orthopedic, paediatric, paedogenesis, paedomorphism, page, pedagogue, pedagogy, pedant, pedantic, pediatric, pedodontics, pedophilia |
| pagin- | page | Latin | pagina | pagination |
| pal- | stake | Latin | palus | impale, impalement, pale, palisade, pole, travail, travel |
| palae-, pale-[4] | ancient, old | Greek | παλαιός (palaiós) | paleo diet, paleobiology, paleobotanic, Paleocene, Paleogene, Paleolithic, paleology, paleomagnetism, paleontology, paleopolyploidy, paleopsychology, Paleozoic |
| palin-, palim-[5] | back | Greek | πάλιν (pálin) | palimpsest, palindrome, palingenesis, palinspastic |
| pall- | be pale | Latin | pallere | pallid, pallor |
| palli- | cloak | Latin | palliare "to cover, cloak", from pallium "cloak" | pall, palliate, palliative, pallium |
| palm- | palm | Latin | palma | palmate |
| palp- | touch | Latin | palpare | palp, palpable, palpate, palpation, palpitant, palpitation |
| palustr- | in marshes | Latin | paluster | palustral |
| pan- | Pan | Greek | πάειν, Πάν (Pán), Πανικός (Panikós) | panic |
| pan-, pam-[6] | all | Greek | πᾶς, παντός (pantós), πᾶν (pân), πασῶν, παντότης, πάντοθεν | diapason, panacea, pandemic, pandemonium, panoply, panoptic, pantology, parrhesia |
| pan- | bread | Latin | pānis | accompaniment, accompany, appanage, companion, company, empanada, impanate, impanation, panelle, panetela, panetella, panettone, panivorous, pannier, pantry |
| pand-, pans- | spread | Latin | pandere, pansus/passus | compass, dispand, dispansion, encompass, encompassment, expand, expanse, expansion, expansive, expansivity, impassable, impasse, pace, pandiculate, pandiculation, passus, repand, spawn, subrepand |
| par-, para-[7] | beside, near | Greek | παρά (pará) | parable, parabola, parallel, parallelepiped, parameter, parapagus, paradox, parody |
| par- | equal | Latin | par | compare, disparage, par, parity, peer, subpar |
| par- | order, prepare, provide, procure | Latin | parare | apparat, apparatus, co-emperor, comprador, disparate, disrepair, dissever, disseverance, emperor, empery, empire, empress, imperant, imperative, imperator, imperious, inseparable, irreparable, parade, pare, parison, parry, parure, preparation, preparative, preparatory, prepare, repair, reparable, reparation, reparative, separability, separable, separate, separation, separative, separator, separatory, separatrix, sever, severability, severable, several, severance, vituperate |
| parc-, pars- | spare, save | Latin | parcere, parsus | parcity, parsimonious, parsimony |
| pariet- | wall | Latin | paries, parietis | parietal |
| part- | part | Latin | pars, partis | apart, bipartite, compartment, depart, impartial, parcel, part, partial, participate, particle, partisan, partition |
| parthen-[8] | virgin | Greek | παρθένος (parthénos) | parthenocarpy, parthenogenesis, Parthenon, Parthenope |
| parv- | little | Latin | parvus | parvovirus, parvorder |
| pasc-, past- | feed | Latin | pāscere, pāstus | antepast, antipasto, pabulum, pastel, pastern, pastiglia, pastille, pastor, pastorage, pastoral, pastorale, pastorate, pastorium, pasturable, pasturage, pastural, pasture, repast, repasture |
| pass-[9] | sprinkle | Greek | πάσσειν (pássein), παστός (pastós) | paste |
| pass- | pace, step | Latin | passus | |
| passer- | sparrow | Latin | passer | passeriform, passerine |
| pat-[10] | path | Greek | πάτος (pátos), πατεῖν (pateîn), πατητός, πατητής, πατητήριον | peripatetic, peripateticism |
| pat- | be open | Latin | patere | impatent, patefaction, patella, patellar, patelliform, paten, patency, patent, patera, patin |
| path-[11] | feeling, disease | Greek | πάσχειν (páskhein), παθητικός (pathētikós), πάθος (páthos) | allopath, allopathy, antipathy, apathetic, apathy, empathy, etiopathogenesis, homeopathic, homeopathy, idiopathic, pathetic, pathoclisis, pathogen, pathogenesis, pathogenic, pathologist, pathology, pathos, psychopath, psychopathic, psychopathy, sympathectomy, sympathetic, sympathy |
| pater-, patr-[12] | father | Greek | πατήρ, πατρός (patḗr, patrós), πατριά (patriá), πατριώτης (patriṓtēs) | allopatric, allopatry, eupatrides, patriarch, patriarchy, patriot, patriotic, patriotism, patrology, patronym, patronymic, sympatric, sympatry |
| pater-, patr- | father | Latin | pater (genitive patris) | compadre, compaternity, compère, impetrate, impetration, impetrative, impetrator, Jupiter, padre, padrone, paterfamilias, paternal, paternity, paternoster, patriate, patriation, Patricia, patrician, patriciate, patricidal, patricide, Patrick, patriclinous, patricliny, patrifocal, patrilateral, patrilineage, patrilineal, patrilineality, patrilinear, patrilocal, patrilocality, patrimonial, patrimony, patron, patronage, patronal, patronate, patroness, patroon, patter, pattern, père, perpetrable, perpetrate, perpetration, perpetrator, repatriate, repatriation |
| pati-, pass- | suffer, feel, endure, permit | Latin | pati, passus | compassion, compassionate, compatibility, compatible, dispassion, dispassionate, impassible, impassion, impassive, impassivity, impatible, impatience, impatient, incompatibility, incompatible, interpatient, noncompatible, nonpassible, passibility, passible, passion, passional, passionary, passionate, passive, passivity, patible, patience, patient, patientive, perpession |
| pauc- | few | Latin | paucus | paucal, pauciloquent, paucity |
| pav- | beat | Latin | pavire | pavage, pave, pavement, pavior |
| pecc- | sin | Latin | peccatum "sin, fault, error", from peccare "to miss, mistake" | impeccable, peccadillo, peccant, peccavi |
| pect- | fixed | Greek | πηκτός (pēktós) | pectic, pectin |
| pector- | chest | Latin | pectus, pectoris | pectoral |
| pecu- | property | Latin | pecunia "property", from pecu "cattle" | peculiar, pecuniary, pecunious |
| ped- | foot | Latin | pes, pedis | biped, bipedal, centipedal, centipede, decempedal, expediency, expedient, expeditate, expedite, expedition, expeditionary, expeditious, impeach, impeachable, impeachment, impede, impediment, impedition, impeditive, inexpedient, interpetiolar, intrapetiolar, millipede, multiped, multipede, octopede, oppidum, pawn, pedal, pedate, pedatifid, pedestal, pedestrian, pedicel, pedicle, pedicure, pediform, pedigerous, pedigree, peduncle, pedunculate, peon, peonage, petiolar, petiolate, petiole, petiolular, petiolulate, petiolule, piedfort, piedmont, pioneer, quadruped, quadrupedal, repedation, revamp, semiped, semipedal, sesquipedal, stapes, stapedius, subpetiolate, suppedaneum, tripedal, trivet, vamp, velocipede |
| peg-, pect-[13] | fix | Greek | πηγνύναι (pēgnúnai), πηκτός (pēktós), πηκτικός (pēktikós), πῆξις (pêxis), πῆγμα (pêgma), πάγη (págē), πάγος (págos), πάγιος (págios), παγιότης (pagiótēs), πάσσαλος (pássalos) | hysteropexy, pagophobia, parapagus, pectic, pectin, rheopectic, rheopecty, rheopexy |
| pejor- | worse | Latin | pejor | pejorative |
| pel-[14] | clay, mud | Greek | πηλός (pēlós) | pelite, pelitic |
| pelag-[15] | sea | Greek | πέλαγος (pélagos), πελαγικός (pelagikós) | abyssopelagic, allopelagic, archipelagic, archipelago, bathypelagic, epipelagic, hadopelagic, mesopelagic, pelagic, pelagonym |
| pelarg-[16] | stork | Greek | πελαργός (pelargós), πελαργώδης | pelargonic, Pelargonium |
| pell-, puls- | drive, push | Latin | pellere, pulsus | appulse, compel, compulsory, dispel, expel, expulsion, impel, impulse, propel, propellent, propulsion, propulsive, propulsor, pulsate, pulse, push, repel, repellent, repulsive |
| pemp-, pomp- | send | Greek | πέμπειν (pémpein), πομπή (pompḗ) | apopemptic, hypnopompic, pomp, psychopomp |
| pen- | almost | Latin | paene | peninsula, penultimate, penumbra |
| pen-, poen-, puni- | punish | Latin | punire "punish" (earlier poenire), from poena "punishment" | impune, impunity, pain, penal, penalize, penalty, penance, penitence, penitent, penitentiary, pine, punish, punitive, repent, subpoena |
| pend-, pens- | hang | Latin | pensare, frequentative of pendere | append, penchant, pendant, pending, pendulum, pensive, prepense, suspend, suspense |
| penia- | deficiency | Greek | πενία (penía) | leukopenia |
| penn-, pinn- | feather | Latin | penna, pinna | pennate, pinnacle, pinnate, pinnule |
| pent-[17] | five | Greek | πέντε (pénte), πεντάς, πεντάδος (pentás, pentádos), πεντάκις (pentákis) "five times", πενταπλάσιος (pentaplásios) "five-fold", πενταχοῦ | diapente, pentachoric, pentad, pentagon, pentagram, pentalpha, pentapolis, pentatonic, pentatope, pentode |
| pentacosi-[18] | five hundred | Greek | πεντακόσιοι (pentakósioi) | pentacosiomedimni |
| pentecont-[19] | fifty | Greek | πεντήκοντα (pentḗkonta), πεντηκοντάς, πεντηκοντάδος (pentēkontás, pentēkontádos) | pentecontad, pentecontagon |
| pentecost-[20] | fiftieth | Greek | πεντηκοστός (pentēkostós) | Pentecost, pentecostalism |
| peper-[21] | pepper | Greek | πέπερι, πεπέρεως | paprika, pepper |
| pepon-[22] | ripe | Greek | πέπων, πέπονος (pépōn, péponos) | pumpkin |
| pept- | digest | Greek | πέσσειν (péssein), πεπτός (peptós), πεπτικός (peptikós), πέψις (pépsis) | dipeptide, dyspepsia, dyspeptic, eupepsia, eupeptic, monopeptide, oligopeptide, pepsin, peptic, peptide, peptone, polypeptide, tetrapeptide, tripeptide |
| per- | wallet | Greek | πήρα (pḗra), πηρίδιον (pērídion) | peridium |
| per-, pel- | thoroughly, through | Latin | per | pellucid, perfection, permeate, pernicious, persistence, peruse, pervade |
| peran- | across, beyond | Greek | πέραν (péran) | Perates |
| perdic-[23] | partridge | Greek | πέρδιξ, πέρδικος (pérdix, pérdikos) | Melanoperdix, partridge |
| peri-[24] | around | Greek | περί (perí) | Pericles, pericope, perigee, perihelion, perimeter, period, periphery, periscope |
| persic-[25] | peach | Greek | περσικός (persikós) | |
| pessim- | worst | Latin | pessimus | pessimal, pessimistic |
| pet- | strive toward | Latin | petere | appetite, compete, competition, impetus, petition, petulant, propitiate, repeat, repetition |
| petr-[26] | rock | Greek | πέτρα (pétra) | epipetric, petrify, petroglyph, petrographic, petrography, petroleum, petrology, petrosomatoglyph |
| phac- | lens | Greek | φακός (phakós) | Phacochoerus, phacoemulsification |
| phae-, phe-[27] | dark | Greek | φαιός (phaiós) | phaeohyphomycosis, phaeomelanin, pheochrome, pheochromocytoma |
| phag- | eat | Greek | φαγεῖν (phageîn), φαγία (phagía) | autophagosome, autophagy, bacteriophage, dysphagia, esophagitis, geophagia, hematophagy, macrophage, odynophagia, phagocyte, phagocytosis, phagolysosome, phagophilia, phagophobia, phagosome, phagy, polyphagia, pseudodysphagia, sarcophagus |
| phalang-[28] | close formation of troops, finger bones | Greek | φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος (phálangos) | aphalangia, phalanges, phalanx |
| phalar-[29] | having a patch of white | Greek | φάλαρος (phálaros)[30] | phalarope |
| pharmac-[31] | drug, medicine | Greek | φάρμακον (phármakon) | alexipharmic, pharmaceutics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, pharmacophobia, pharmacy |
| phan-, phen-[32] | to show, visible | Greek | φαίνειν (phaínein), φαντός (phantós), φαινόμενον (phainómenon), φάσις (phásis) | diaphanous, emphasis, epiphany, fantasy, phanerozoic, phantasm, phantom, phase, phene, phenetic, phenology, phenomenon, phenotype, photic, prophase, sycophant, telophase, theophany, tryptophan |
| pheb-, phob-[33] | fear | Greek | φέβεσθαι (phébesthai), φόβος (phóbos), φοβέω | autophobia, hydrophobia, panphobia, phobophobia |
| pher-, phor-[34] | bear, carry | Greek | φέρειν (phérein), φορά (phorá), φόρος (phóros) | adiaphora, adiaphorism, anaphor, metaphor, pheromone, phoresis, phoresy, phosphor, prosphora, pyrophoric |
| pheug-, phyg-[35] (ΦΥΓ) | flee | Greek | φεύγειν (pheúgein), φυγή, φυγάς, φυγάδος (phugás, phugádos) "fugitive", φυγαδικός | apophyge, hypophyge |
| phil-, -phile[36] | love, friendship | Greek | φίλος (phílos), φιλικός (philikós), φιλεῖν (phileîn), φιλία (philía), φίλτρον (phíltron) | bibliophile, heterophil, hydrophile, paraphilia, philanthropy, philharmonic, philophobia, philosophy, philter, philtre, philtrum |
| phim-[37] | muzzle | Greek | φῑμός (phīmós), φιμοῦν (phimoûn), φιμωτικός, φίμωσις (phímōsis) | paraphimosis, phimosis, phimotic |
| phleb-[38] | vein | Greek | φλέψ, φλεβός (phléps, phlebós), φλέβιον | phlebitis, phlebography, phlebosclerosis, phlebotomist, phlebotomize, phlebotomy, thrombophlebitis |
| phleg-, phlog-[39] | burn, heat, inflammation | Greek | φλέγειν (phlégein), φλέγμα (phlégma), φλόξ (phlóx) "flame" | phlegm, phlegmasia, phlegmatic, phlegmon, phlegmonous, phlogistic, phlogiston, Phlox |
| phloe-[40] | tree bark | Greek | φλοιός (phloiós) | hypophloeodic, phlobaphene, phloem, phloeophagy |
| phlog- | fire, flame | Greek | ||
| phob- | fear | Greek | φόβος (phóbos) | acrophobia, arachnophobia, claustrophobia, ergophobia, homophobia, hydrophobia, zeusophobia |
| phon-[41] | sound | Greek | φωνή (phōnḗ), φωνητικός (phōnētikós), φώνημα (phṓnēma) | acrophonic, acrophony, allophone, antiphon, antiphony, aphonia, aphonic, apophony, archiphoneme, cacophony, diaphony, diplophonia, dysphonia, euphonic, euphonious, euphonize, euphony, heterophonic, heterophony, homophone, homophonous, homophony, hypophonesis, ideophone, idiophone, isophone, logophonetic, megaphone, microphone, misophonia, monophonic, monophony, morphophonology, phonaesthesia, phonaesthetics, phone, phonemic, phonesthemic, phonetic, phonetics, phonics, phonogram, phonograph, phonology, phonophobia, phonosemantics, phonotactics, polyphonic, polyphony, stereophonic, symphonic, symphony, telephonic, telephony |
| phos-, phot- | light | Greek | φῶς, φωτός (phōtós) | aphotic, biophoton, cataphote, diphoton, euphotic, microphotograph, phosphor, phosphorus, photic, photo, photobiology, photocatalysis, photochromism, photoelectric, photogenic, photogram, photograph, photography, photolysis, photometer, photometric, photometry, photon, photoperiod, photophobia, photophone, photophore, photopic, photoptarmosis, photosynthesis, phototaxis, phototherapy, phototroph, telephoto |
| phrag-[42] (ΦΡΑΓ) | fence | Greek | φράσσειν (phrássein), φράξις (phráxis), φράγμα (phrágma) | diaphragm |
| phren-, phron-[43] | mind | Greek | φρήν, φρενός (phrḗn, phrenós) | euneirophrenia, euphrasy, Euphrosyne, frantic, frenetic, frenzy, oneirophrenia, phrenetic, -phrenia, phrenic, phrenitis, phrenology, phronema, phronesis, phronetic, schizophrenia, sophrosyne |
| phryn-[44] | toad, toad-like | Greek | φρύνη (phrúnē) | Phrynobatrachus |
| phtheg-[45] | utter | Greek | φθέγγεσθαι (phthéngesthai), φθεγκτός, φθεγκτικός, φθέγξις, φθέγμα, φθέγματος (phthégma, phthégmatos), φθεγματικός, φθόγγος (phthóngos), φθογγή | apophthegm, apophthegmatic, diphthong, diphthongize, monophthong, monophthongize |
| phyc-[46] | seaweed | Greek | φῦκος, φύκεος (phûkos, phúkeos) | phycology, Phycomyces, schizophyceous |
| phyl- | tribe | Greek | φύλον (phúlon) | phylogenetics, phylum |
| phyll-[47] | leaf | Greek | φύλλον (phúllon) | chlorophyll, phyllotaxis |
| phys-[48] | bladder | Greek | φῦσα (phûsa) | physogastric, physostomous, Triplophysa |
| physi- | nature | Greek | φύσις (phúsis) | physics, physician |
| physalid- | bladder | Greek | φυσαλ(λ)ίς (phusal(l)is) | physalis |
| phyt- | plant | Greek | φύειν (phúein), φυτόν (phutón) | archaeophyte, autophyte, bryophyte, dermatophyte, neophyte, phytonym, phytoplankton |
| pi- | kind, devout, pity | Latin | pius | expiate, impious, piety, pious, pity |
| pic- | pitch | Latin | pix, picis | piceous |
| piez-[49] | squeeze | Greek | πιέζειν (piézein), πιεστός (piestós), πίεσις, πίεσμα, πίεσματος, πιεστήρ | isopiestic, piezochromism, piezoelectric, piezometer |
| pil- | hair | Latin | pilus | depilatory, epilator |
| pil- | pillar, ball | Latin | pila | pile, pill, pillar, pillory |
| pin-[50] (ΠΟ) | drink | Greek | πίνειν (pínein), πῶμα | pinocytosis |
| pin- | pine | Latin | pinus | pineal gland |
| ping-, pict- | paint | Latin | pingere, pictus | depiction, picture, pigment |
| pingu- | fat | Latin | pinguis | Pinguicula, pinguitude |
| pir-[51] | try | Greek | πεῖρα, πείρας (peîra, peíras), πειρᾶν (peirân), πειρατής (peiratḗs), πειρατικός (peiratikós), (peirāteía), πειράζω, πείρασις, πειρασμός | antipiracy, apeirogon, apeirohedron, piracy, pirate, piratic |
| pir- | pear | Latin | pirus | piriformis muscle |
| pisc- | fish | Latin | piscis | Pisces, piscivore |
| pis-[52] | pea | Greek | πίσος (písos) | pisoid, pisolite |
| pithec-[53] | ape, monkey | Greek | πίθηκος (píthēkos) | australopithecine, Australopithecus, caenopithecine |
| plac-[54] | plain, plate, tablet | Greek | πλάξ, πλακός (pláx, plakós) | Aplacophora, placenta, placode |
| plac- | calm | Latin | placare, placatus | implacable, placable, placate, please, supple |
| plac-, plea- | please | Latin | placēre, placitus | complacent, complaisant, displease, placebo, placid, plea, please, pleasure |
| plag-[55] | oblique | Greek | πλάγος (plágos), πλάγιος (plágios), πλαγιότης | plage, plagiocephaly, plagioclase, plagiotropic, playa |
| plan-[56] | wander | Greek | πλάνος, πλανάομαι, πλανᾶσθαι (planâsthai), (planáein), πλανητός (planētós), πλανήτης (planḗtēs) | aplanetic, aplanogamete, aplanospore, exoplanet, planet, planetoid, planetonym, planoblast, planogamete, planospore, protoplanet |
| plan- | flat | Latin | plānus | applanate, applanation, aquaplane, complanar, complanate, coplanar, coplanarity, deplanate, deplane, emplane, esplanade, explain, explanation, explanatory, peneplain, pianissimo, piano, pianoforte, plain, plaintext, plan, planar, planarian, planary, planate, planation, plane, planification, planiform, planish, planula, planular, planulate |
| plang-, planct- | strike, beat; lament, mourn | Latin | plangere, planctus | plangent |
| plas-[57] | mould | Greek | πλάσσειν (plássein), πλαστός (plastós), πλαστικός (plastikós), πλάσις (plásis), πλάσμα, πλάσματος (plásma, plásmatos), πλάθω (pláthō) | plasma, plastic, plastique, plastochron, plastromancy, plastron, prosoplasia, protoplasm, pseudoplastic, symplast |
| plat-[58] | flat, broad | Greek | πλατύς (platús), πλατεῖα (plateîa) | piazza, place, plaice, plateau, platitude, platyhelminth, platypus, Platyrrhini, platysma, Platyzoa, plaza |
| plaud-, -plod-, plaus-, -plos- | approve, clap | Latin | plaudere, plausus | applaud, applause, explode, explosion, implode, plaudits, plausible |
| ple-[59] (ΠΛΕ) | fill, full | Greek | πιμπλάναι (pimplánai), πλέως/πλέος, πλειότερος, πλειότης, πλήρης (plḗrēs), πληρόω, πλήρωσις (plḗrōsis), πλήρωμα (plḗrōma), πλήθειν (plḗthein), πλῆθος (plêthos), πληθύς, πληθύω, πληθύνω (plēthúnō), πληθυντικός, πληθώρα/πληθώρη (plēthṓra), πληθωρικός (plēthōrikós), πληθυσμός (plēthusmós) | pleroma, plethodontid, plethora, plethoric, plethysm, plethysmograph, plethysmometry |
| ple-[60] | sail, swim | Greek | πλεῖν (pleîn), πλεῦσις (pleûsis), πλόος | pleon, pleopod, pleuston |
| ple-, plet- | fill | Latin | plere | complement, complete, deplete, implement, replete, suppletion, supply |
| pleb- | people | Latin | plebs, plebis | plebeian, plebs |
| plec-, ploc-[61] | plait, interweave | Greek | πλέκειν (plékein), πλεκτός (plektós), πλεκτικός (plektikós), πλέξις (pléxis), πλέγμα (plégma), πλοκή (plokḗ), πλόκος | plectics, plexogenic, ploce, symplectic, symplectomorphism, symploce |
| plect-, plex- | plait | Latin | plectere, plexus | perplex |
| pleg-[62] (ΠΛΗΓ) | strike | Greek | πλήσσειν (plḗssein), πληκτός (plēktós), πλήκτης, πληγή (plēgḗ), πλῆξις (plêxis), πλῆγμα, πλήκτης, πλῆκτρον | apoplectic, apoplexy, cataplectic, cataplexy, hemiplegia, monoplegia, paraplegia, plectrum, pleximeter, tetraplegia |
| plen- | full | Latin | plenus | plenary, plenitude, plenty, replenish |
| plesi- | near | Greek | πλησίος (plēsíos), πλησιότης (plēsiótēs) | plesiosaur |
| pleth- | ||||
| pleur-[63] | rib, side | Greek | πλευρά (pleurá), πλευρόν (pleurón) | metapleural, pleura, pleurisy, pleuritis, pleurodynia, pleuron |
| plic- | fold | Latin | plicare, plicatus | appliance, applicability, applicable, applicant, applicate, application, applicative, applicator, applicatory, appliqué, apply, centuplicate, centuplication, complicacy, complicant, complicate, complication, complice, complicity, conduplicate, conduplication, duplication, explicate, explicit, implicate, implicit, imply, plait, pleat, pliable, pliant, plight, ply, replica, replicate, replication, replicative, replicator, reply, splay, subduplicate, supplicant, supplicate, supplication, triplicate, triplicity |
| plinth-[64] | brick | Greek | πλίνθος (plínthos) | plinth, Plinthograptis |
| ploc- | ||||
| plor- | cry out, complain | Latin | plorare | deplorable, deploration, deplore, exploration, exploratory, explore, imploration, imploratory, implore |
| plu- | rain | Latin | pluere, see also pluvia | pluvial |
| plum- | feather | Latin | pluma | plumage, plumate |
| plumb- | lead | Latin | plumbum | plumber |
| plur-, plus- | more | Latin | plus, pluris | double, plural, pluralist, plus, quadruple, surplus, triple |
| plurim- | most | Latin | plurimus | plurimal |
| plut-[65] | wealth | Greek | πλοῦτος (ploûtos) | ploutonion, plutarchy, plutocracy, plutocrat, plutolatry, plutomania, plutonomics, Plutus |
| pne-[66] | blow, breathe, lung | Greek | πνεῖν (pneîn), πνεῦμα (pneûma), πνεύμων (pneúmōn) | anapnograph, anapnoic, apnea, apnoea, dyspnoea, pleuropneumonia, pneumatic, pneumatology, pneumonia, pneumonic, pneumotaxic |
| pnig-, pnict-[67] | choke | Greek | πνίγειν (pnígein), πνῖγος, πνῖγμα, πνιγμός, πνικτός, πνικτικός | pnictide, pnictogen |
| po-, pin-[68] (ΠΟ) | drink | Greek | πίνειν (pínein), πόσις, πῶμα | pinocytosis, pinosome, symposium |
| pod-[69] | foot | Greek | πούς, ποδός (podós), ποδικός (podikós), ποδία (podía), πόδιον (pódion), πέδον (pédon), πεδίον, πέζα | amphipod, antipode, decapod, podiatry, podium, podomancy, podomere, podopaediatric, polyp, polyposis, sympodium, tetrapod, tripod |
| pogon-[70] | beard | Greek | πώγων, πώγωνος (pṓgōn, pṓgōnos), πωγωνίας (pōgōnías) | pogonia, pogoniasis, pogonology, pogonophobia, pogonotrophy, Triplopogon |
| poie-, poe-[71] | make | Greek | ποιϝέω, ποιεῖν (poieîn), ποιητός (poiētós) "made", ποιητικός (poiētikós), ποίησις (poíēsis), ποίημα (poíēma), ποιητής (poiētḗs) "maker" | allopoiesis, autopoiesis, onomatopoeia, piyyut, poem, poesy, poet, poetaster, poetic, poiesis |
| pol-[72] | pole | Greek | πόλος (pólos) | dipole, polar |
| pole-[73] | sell | Greek | πωλεῖν (pōleîn), πώλησις, πώλης "seller" | duopoly, monopolist, monopolize, monopoly, oligopolist, oligopoly |
| polem-[74] | war | Greek | πολεμεῖν (polemeîn), πόλεμος (pólemos), πολεμικός (polemikós) | polemarch, polemic, polemology |
| poli-[75] | city | Greek | πόλις, πόλιος (pólis, pólios), πολίτης (polítēs), πολιτικός (politikós) | acropolis, biopolitics, cosmopolis, cosmopolitan, Decapolis, ecumenopolis, eperopolis, geopolitics, heptapolis, hexapolis, isopolity, megalopolis, megapolis, metropolis, pentapolis, police, policy, polis, politeia, politic, politicize, politics, politologist, politology, politonym, polity, propolis, tetrapolis, Tripoli |
| poli-[76] | gray, grey | Greek | πολιός (poliós), πολιότης | poliomyelitis, poliosis |
| poll-[77] | many | Greek | πολλός (pollós) | |
| pollic- | thumb | Latin | pollex, pollicis | pollicate |
| pollin- | fine flour | Latin | pollen, pollinis | pollination |
| poly-[78] | many | Greek | πολύς (polús), πολλός (pollós), πολλότης (pollótēs), πολλάκις (pollákis) "many times", πολλαπλάσιος/πολυπλάσιος, πλείων (pleíōn) "more", πλεῖστος (pleîstos) "most", πολλοστός (pollostós) | hoi polloi, pollakanth, polyadic, polyandry, polygamy, polygon, polyphase, polysaccharide, polytheistic |
| pomp- | ||||
| pomph-[79] | blister | Greek | πομφός (pomphós), πομφόλυξ | podopompholyx, pompholyx |
| pon-, posit- | put | Latin | ponere, positus | apposite, apropos, component, depose, deposit, exponent, expose, expound, impose, impound, opponent, position, positive, postpone, posture, propone, proponent, proposition, propound, repose |
| ponder- | weight | Latin | pondus, ponderis, ponderare | ponder, preponderance |
| pont- | bridge | Latin | pons, pontis | pontiff, pontificate, pontoon |
| popul- | people | Latin | populus, populare | population, popular, populous |
| por-[80] | passage | Greek | πόρος (póros), πορεύω, πορίζειν (porízein), πόρισμα (pórisma) | aporetic, aporia, emporium, gonopore, ozopore, polypore, pore, porism, porismatic |
| porc- | pig | Latin | porcus | porcine, pork |
| porn-[81] | prostitute | Greek | πόρνη (pórnē) | pornographic, pornography |
| porphyr-[82] | purple | Greek | πορφύρα (porphúra) | porphyrin, porphyritic, porphyrophobia, porphyry |
| port- | carry | Latin | portare "to carry", porta "gate" | comportment, deport, export, import, port, portable, portage, portal, porter, portfolio, purport, rapport, report, support, transport |
| portion- | part, share | Latin | portio | portion, proportion |
| post- | after, behind | Latin | post | posterior, posterity, postscript |
| pot- | power | Latin | potere "be powerful", from potis "powerful, able" | despot, impotent, possess, potent, potentate, potential, power |
| pot- | drink | Latin | potus, potare | potable, potion |
| potam-[83] | river | Greek | ποταμός (potamós) | autopotamic, hippopotamus, Mesopotamia, potamic, potamodromous, potamology, potamonym, potamophobia, potamoplankton |
| prag-[84] | do | Greek | πράσσειν (prássein), πράττειν (práttein), πρασσόμενον, πρακτός (praktós), πρακτικός (praktikós), (prāktikḗ), πρᾶξις (prâxis), πρᾶγμα (prâgma) | apraxia, dyspraxia, parapraxis, practic, practice, pragma, pragmatic, pragmatism, pragmatist, praxis |
| pras-[85] | leek | Greek | πράσον (práson), πράσινος (prásinos) "leek-green", πρασιά | chrysoprase, prasinous, prasinophobia |
| prat- | meadow | Latin | pratum | |
| prav- | crooked | Latin | pravus | depravity |
| pre- | before | Latin | prae | previous |
| prec- | pray | Latin | precāri "to ask, beg, pray", from prex "prayer" | deprecation, imprecation, pray, prayer, precarious |
| pred- | prey | Latin | praedari "plunder", from praeda "prey" | depredate, predation, predator, predatory, prey |
| prehend-, prend-, prehens- | grasp | Latin | prehendere, prehensus | apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, enterprise, prehensility, prehension, prey, prison, prize, reprehend, surprise |
| prem-, -prim-, press- | press | Latin | premere, pressus | compress, compression, compressor, depress, depression, depressive, espresso, express, expression, expressive, impress, impression, impressive, imprimatur, imprint, oppress, oppression, oppressive, oppressor, press, pressure, print, repress, repression, repressive, reprimand, suppress, suppression, suppressor |
| presby-[86] | old | Greek | πρέσβυς (présbus), πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros), (presbutérion) | archpresbyter, presbyter, Presbyterianism, presbyterium, presbytery, priest, protopresbyter |
| preter- | past | Latin | praeter | preterite, pretermission |
| preti- | price | Latin | pretium, pretiare | |
| pri-[87] | saw | Greek | πρίειν (príein), πρῖσις (prîsis), πρίων, πρίονος (príōn, príonos) | prion |
| priap-[88] | Greek | πριάπος | priapism, Priapus | |
| prim- | first | Latin | primus | coprime, nonprime, prima facie, primacy, primal, primality, primary, primate, prime, primer, primeval, primine, primitive, primogeniture, primordial, primrose, Primula, semiprime, subprimal, subprime |
| prior- | former | Latin | prior | prior, priority, priory, pristine, repristinate, subprior |
| prism-[89] | to saw, something sawed | Greek | πρίσμα, πρίσματος (prísma, prísmatos), πρισμάτιον (prismátion) | antiprism, prism, prismatic, prismatoid |
| priv- | own | Latin | privus, privare, privatus | deprivation, deprive, privacy, private, privateer, privation, privative, privilege, privity, privy, semiprivate |
| pro-[90] | before, in front of | Greek | πρό (pró), πρότερος (próteros) "former", πρῶτος (prôtos) | prologue, prostate, prow |
| pro- | for, forward | Latin | pro | procrastinate, propel, propulsion |
| prob- | worthy, good | Latin | probare "prove to be worthy", probus | approbation, approve, disapprobation, opprobrium, probable, probation, probe, probity, proof, prove, reprobate, reprove |
| proct-[91] | anus | Greek | πρωκτός (prōktós) | Ectoprocta, Entoprocta, epiproct, hypoproct, paraproct, periproct, proctalgia, proctology |
| prodig- | waste | Latin | prodigus "wasteful", from prodigere "drive away, waste" | prodigal, prodigality |
| prodig- | prodigy | Latin | prodigium "prodigy" | prodigious, prodigy |
| propri- | property; one's own | Latin | proprietas "appropriateness, property, ownership", from proprius "one's own" | appropriate, proper, property, proprietary, proprietor, propriety |
| pros-[92] | forth, forward | Greek | πρός (prós), πρόσθεν (prósthen), πρόσθιος (prósthios) | prosenchyma, prosophobia, prosthesis, prosthion |
| prosop-[93] | face | Greek | πρόσωπον (prósōpon) | aprosopia, diprosopus, prosopography, prosoponym, prosopopoeia, prosopospasm |
| prot-[94] | first | Greek | πρῶτος (prôtos) [note 1] | amphiprotic, antiproton, protagonist, protanomaly, protanopia, protein, protist, protocol, proton, protoplasm, prototype, Protozoa |
| proter-[95] | former | Greek | πρό (pró), πρότερος (próteros), προτερέω | Proterozoic |
| proxim- | nearest | Latin | proximus, proximare | approximate, proximity |
| prun- | plum | Latin | prunus | prune |
| psa-[96] | rub | Greek | ψᾶν (psân), ψαφαρός, ψήχειν, (psēstós) | palimpsest |
| psall-[97] | pluck | Greek | ψάλλειν (psállein), ψαλμός (psalmós) | psalm, psalmodicon, psalmody, psalter, psaltery, psaltikon |
| psamath- | sand | Greek | ||
| psamm- | sand | Greek | ψάμμος (psámmos), ψάμαθος (psámathos) | psammite, psammitic, psammoma, psammophile, Psammophis, psammophyte, psammosere, psammous |
| pseph- | pebble | Greek | ψάω, ψῆφος (psêphos), ψηφίζειν (psēphízein) | isopsephy, psephite, psephitic, psephocracy, psephology |
| pseud-[98] | false | Greek | ψεύδω, ψεῦδος (pseûdos) | pseudonym |
| pseud- | false | Greek | ψεύδομαι, ψευδής (pseudḗs) | pseudonym |
| psil-[99] | bare | Greek | ψιλοῦν (psiloûn), ψιλός (psilós), ψιλότης, ψίλωσις (psílōsis) | epsilon, psilanthropism, psilanthropy, psilocybin, psilosis, psilotic, upsilon |
| psithyr-[100] | whisper | Greek | ψίθυρος, ψιθυρίζω, ψιθυρισμός | Psithyrisma |
| psittac-[101] | parrot | Greek | ψιττακός, ψιττακοῦ (psittakós, psittakoû) | psittacine, psittacism, psittacosis |
| psoph-[102] | noise | Greek | ψόφος (psóphos), ψοφεῖν, ψοφητικός, ψόφησις, ψόφημα, ψοφοειδής | Psophiidae, Psophocichla, psophometer, psophometric |
| psor-[103] | itch | Greek | ψωρός (psōrós), ψώρα (psṓra), ψωριᾶν (psōriân), (psōríāsis) | psora, psoriasis, psoric, psorosis |
| psych-[104] | mind | Greek | ψύχειν (psúkhein), ψυχή (psukhḗ), ψυχικός (psukhikós) | hylopsychism, panpsychism, psyche, psychedelia, psychedelic, psychiatry, psychic, psychoanalysis, psychologist, psychology, psychopathic, psychopathy, psychopomp, psychosis, psychotherapy, psychotic, psychoticism |
| psychr-[105] | cold | Greek | ψύχω, ψυχρός (psukhrós), ψυχρότης | psychroalgia, psychrometer, psychrophile, psychrophilic, psychrophily |
| pter-[106] | wing | Greek | πτερόν, πτεροῦ (pterón, pteroû), πτέρυξ, πτέρυγος (ptérux, ptérugos), (pterugōtós), πτερίσκος | apterous, apterygote, archaeopteryx, brachypterous, brachyptery, Chiroptera, chiropterologist, Endopterygota, exopterygote, helicopter, hemipterous, heteropterous, homopterous, Neoptera, peripteros, pterodactyl, pteron, pteropod, pterosaur, pterostigma, pterygote, tetrapterous |
| pterid-[107] | fern | Greek | πτερίς, πτερίδος (pterís, pterídos) | pteridology, pteridophyte, pteridosperm |
| pto-[108] | fall | Greek | πίπτειν (píptein), πτωτός (ptōtós), πτωτικός (ptōtikós), πτῶσις (ptôsis), πτῶμα, πτῶματος (ptôma, ptômatos) | anaptotic, asymptomatic, apoptosis, peripeteia, peripety, polyptoton, proptosis, proptotic, ptomaine, ptosis, ptotic, symptom, symptomatic, symptosis |
| ptoch-[109] | poor | Greek | πτωχός (ptōkhós), πτωχότης | ptochocracy, ptochology |
| pty-[110] | spit | Greek | πτύειν, πτύον (ptúon), πτύσις (ptúsis), πτύαλον | hemoptysis, ptyalin, pyoptysis |
| ptych-[111] | fold, layer | Greek | πτύσσειν (ptússein), πτύγμα (ptúgma), πτύξ (ptúx), πτυχός (ptukhós), πτυχή (ptukhḗ) | anaptyctic, anaptyxis, diptych, heptaptych, hexaptych, octaptych, pentaptych, polyptych, tetraptych, triptych |
| pub- | sexually mature | Latin | pubes, puberis | pubescent, pubic |
| public- | public | Latin | publicus | publication, publicity |
| pude- | shame | Latin | pudere | impudent, pudendum, repudiate |
| pug-, pugn- | fight | Latin | pugnare "to fight", from pugnus "fist" | impugn, pugilism, pugnacious, repugnant |
| pulchr- | beautiful | Latin | pulcher, pulchri | pulchritude |
| pulmon- | lung | Latin | pulmo, pulmonis | pulmonary |
| pulver- | dust | Latin | pulvis, pulveris | pulverize |
| pung-, punct- | prick | Latin | pungere, punctus | acupuncture, expunge, poignant, point, punch, punctual, punctuation, puncture, pungent |
| pup- | doll | Latin | pupa | pupa, pupate, puppet |
| pur- | pure | Latin | purare "to purify", from purus "pure" | impurity, pure, puree, purge, purify, purity |
| purg- | cleanse | Latin | purgare | expurgate, purgatory, purge |
| purpur- | purple | Latin | purpura | purpurate, purpureal |
| put- | prune, reckon | Latin | putāre | amputation, compute, dispute, impute, putative, reputation |
| py-[112] | pus | Greek | πύον (púon), (pyeîn) | empyema, pyemia, pyemesis, pyesis, pyocyst, pyogenesis, pyorrhea, pyorrhoea, pyosis, pyoureter |
| pyel-[113] | trough | Greek | πύελος (púelos), πυελίς | pyelectasis, pyelitis, pyelogram, pyelography, pyelonephritis, pyeloscopy |
| pyg-[114] | rump | Greek | πυγή (pugḗ) | callipygian, pygopagus, pygostyle, steatopygia |
| pyl-[115] | gate | Greek | πύλη (púlē), πυλών, πυλῶνος (pulṓn, pulōnos) | apopyle, micropyle, propylaea, prosopyle, pylon, pyloric, pylorus, tetrapylon, Thermopylae |
| pyr-[116] | fire | Greek | πύρ, πυρός (púr, purós), πυρά (purá), πυρότης, πυρετός, πυρέττειν | antipyretic, Empyreuma, pyre, pyrite, pyroclastic, pyrolysis, pyromancy, pyromania, pyromaniac, pyrometric, pyrophobia, pyrophoric, pyrosis, pyrosome, pyrotechnic |
| pyramid-[117] | Greek | πυραμίς, πυραμίδος | dipyramid, pyramid, pyramidion | |
| pyrrh-[118] | flame-colored | Greek | πῦρ, πυρρός, πυρρότης, πυρράζω | pyrrhic |
Lists of Greek and Latin roots in English beginning with other letters:
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| quadr- | four | Latin | quattuor | quadrangle, quadrennial, quadriceps, quadracycle quadrifarious, quadrifid, quadrifolium, quadrifrons, quadrilateral, quadrilingual, quadriliteral, quadrillion, quadrimester, quadrinational, quadrinodal, quadrinomial, quadrinominal, quadripara, quadrireme, quadrisection, quadrivalent, quadrivium, quadruped, quadruple, quadruplet, quadruplex, quadruplicate, quatrain, quatre, quatrefoil |
| quadragen- | forty each | Latin | quadrageni | quadragenarian, quadragenary |
| quadragesim- | fortieth | Latin | quadragesimus | Quadragesima, quadragesimal |
| quart- | fourth | Latin | quartus | inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarte, quarter, quartermaster, quartet, quartic, quartile, quartine, quarto, semiquartile |
| quasi- | as if, almost | Latin | quasi | quasar, quasiparticle |
| quatern- | four each | Latin | quaternī | biquaternion, quatern, quaternary, quaternate, quaternion, quaternity, quire |
| quati-, -cuti-, quass-, -cuss- | shake | Latin | quatere | cassate, cassation, concussion, concussive, conquassate, decussation, discuss, discussion, discussive, discutient, excuss, excussio, excussion, fracas, percuss, percussion, percussive, percussor, quash, quassation, recussion, repercussion, rescue, squash, squassation, subconcussive, succuss, succussation, succussion, succussive |
| quer-, -quir-, quesit-, -quisit- | search, seek | Latin | quaerere, quaesītus | acquest, acquire, acquiree, acquirement, acquisite, acquisition, acquisitive, acquisitory, conquer, conquest, corequisite, disquisition, exquire, exquisite, inquest, inquire, inquiry, inquisition, inquisitive, inquisitor, inquisitorial, inquisitory, perquisite, perquisition, prerequisite, quaere, quaestor, query, quest, question, questionable, questionary, questionnaire, questor, reconquer, reconquest, request, require, requirement, requisite, requisition, requisitive, requisitor, requisitory |
| qui- | rest | Latin | quies, quiētus | acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, acquit, acquittal, acquittance, inquietude, quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietude, quietus, quit, requiem, requiescat |
| quin- | five each | Latin | quini | biquinary, quinarius, quinary, quinate |
| quindecim- | fifteenth | Latin | quindecimus | quindecimal |
| quinden- | fifteen each | Latin | quindeni | quindenary |
| quinque- | five | Latin | quinque | cinquain, cinque, quinquefoil, quinquennial, quinquennium, quinquepartite, quinquevalent |
| quint- | fifth | Latin | quintus | biquintile, quint, quinta, quintal, quintan, quintant, quintary, quinte, quintessence, quintessential, quintic, quintile, quintipara, quintus, semiquintile |
| quot- | how many, how great | Latin | quotiens | quota, quotient, subquotient |
Lists of Greek and Latin roots in English beginning with other letters:
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rad-, ras- | scrape, shave | Latin | rādere, rāsus | abrade, abrasion, abrasive, corrade, corrasion, erase, erasure, nonabrasive, radula, radular, raduliform, rase, rash, rasorial, raster, rasure, subradular |
| radi- | beam, spoke | Latin | radius, radiāre | radiance, radiation |
| radic- | root | Latin | rādix, rādīcis | eradicate, radical, radix |
| ram- | branch | Latin | rāmus | ramification, rammel, ramose, ramous, ramulose, ramulous |
| ran- | frog | Latin | rāna | Rana |
| ranc- | rancidness, grudge, bitterness | Latin | rancere | rancid, rancor |
| rap- | rob, seize | Latin | rapere, raptus | arreption, arreptitious, enrapt, enrapture, rapacious, rapacity, rape, rapid, rapidity, rapine, rapt, raptio, raptor, raptorial, rapture, rapturous, raptus, ravenous, ravine, ravish, subreption, subreptitious, surreptitious |
| rap- | turnip | Latin | rāpum | rapeseed |
| raph-[119] | sew, seam | Greek | ῥάπτειν (rháptein), ῤαφή (raphḗ) | raphae, raphe |
| rar- | rare | Latin | rārus | rarity |
| rauc- | harsh, hoarse | Latin | raucus | raucous |
| re-, red- | again, back | Latin | re- | recede, redact |
| rect-, reg-, -rig- | straight, direct | Latin | regere "to direct, lead straight, guide", related rectus "straight, right" | correct, direct, dirigible, erect, erection, ergo, rectangle, rectify, rectitude, rectum, regent, regime, regimen, regiment, region, surge |
| reg-, rex- | king | Latin | rex (genitive regis) | regal, regency, regicide, Regis, regulation, reign, rex, royal |
| regul- | rule | Latin | rēgula "to rule" | regular, regulate, regulation, rule |
| rem- | oar | Latin | rēmus | bireme, trireme |
| ren- | kidney | Latin | rēnēs | renal |
| rep-, rept- | crawl, creep | Latin | rēpere, reptus | reptile |
| resid- | left behind | Latin | residere "remain behind" (see also sedere) | reside, residence, resident, residual, residue |
| ret- | net | Latin | rēte | reticle, retina |
| retro- | backward, behind | Latin | retrō | retrograde, retrospective, retrovirus |
| rhabd-[120] | rod | Greek | ῥάβδος (rhábdos) | Rhabdodon, rhabdoid, rhabdom, rhabdomancy, rhabdomyolysis, rhabdomyosarcoma |
| rhach-, rach- [121] | spine | Greek | ῥάχις, ῥάχεως (rhákhis, rhákheōs) | rachipagus, rachis, rachischisis, rhachiodont, rhachis |
| rhag-, rheg-[122] | rend, tear | Greek | ῥηγνύναι (rhēgnúnai), ῥαγίζω, ῥῆξις (rhêxis), ῥῆγμα (rhêgma) | bronchorrhagia, hemorrhage, menorrhagia, regma, rhagades, rhegma, rhegmatogenous, rhexis |
| rhe-[123] | flow | Greek | ῥεῖν (rheîn), ῥυτός (rhutós), ῥύσις (rhúsis), ῥεῦμα (rheûma), ῥοία (rhoía), ῥυθμός (rhuthmós) | antiarrhythmic, arrhythmia, arrhythmic, diarrhoea, dysrhythmia, endorheic, eurhythmia, eurhythmic, eurhythmy, gonorrhoea, hemorrhea, logorrhea, polyrhythm, rheology, rheometer, rheostat, rheum, rheumatic, rheumatism, rheumatoid, rheumatology, rhythm, rhythmic, rhyton |
| rhetin-[124] | resin | Greek | ῥητίνη (rhētínē), ῥητινώδης, ῥητινόω | retinite |
| rhig-[125] | chill | Greek | ῥῖγος (rhîgos) | rhigosaurus |
| rhin-[126] | nose, snout | Greek | ῥίς, ῥινός (rhís, rhinós) | catarrhine, haplorhine, platyrrhine, rhinoceros, rhinophyma, rhinoplasty, strepsirrhine |
| rhiz-[127] | root | Greek | ῥίζα (rhíza), ῥιζοῦν (rhizoûn), ῥίζωμα (rhízōma) | ectomycorrhiza, rhizoid, rhizomatous, rhizome, rhizomorph, rhizomorphous, rhizophagous, rhizophagy, Rhizopogon, Rhizopus, rhizosphere |
| rho-[128] | R, r | Greek | Ρ, ρ, ῥῶ (rhô) | rho, rhotacism, rhotacize, rhotic |
| rhod-[129] | rose | Greek | ῥόδον (rhódon) | rhododendron, rhodophyte, rhodopsin, rhodophobia |
| rhomb- | spinning top | Greek | ῥόμβος (rhómbos) | orthorhombic, rhomb, rhombic, rhomboid, rhombus, rhumb |
| rhynch-[130] | snout | Greek | ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos) | Oncorhynchus, Rhynchobatus, rhynchophore |
| rid-, ris- | laugh | Latin | ridere "to laugh" (past participle risus) | deride, derision, ridicule, ridiculous, risible |
| robor- | oak, strength | Latin | rōborāre "to strengthen", from rōbur, rōbus "strength" | corroborant, corroborate, corroboration, corroborative, corroborator, robust |
| rod-, ros- | gnaw | Latin | rōdere, rōsus | corrode, erosion, rodent |
| rog- | ask | Latin | rogāre | abrogate, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogation, derogatory, interrogation, prerogative, prorogue, rogation, rogue, surrogate |
| rostr- | beak, prow | Latin | rōstrum | brevirostrate, curvirostral, lamellirostral, rostellate, rostelliform, rostellum, rostral, rostrate, rostriform, rostrulum, rostrum |
| rot- | wheel | Latin | rota, rotāre | arrondissement, circumrotation, contrarotation, control, controller, decontrol, enroll, enrollee, enrollment, irrotational, multirole, multiroll, redondilla, reenroll, rodeo, role, roll, rondeau, rondel, rondelle, rondo, rotary, rotate, rotation, rotational, rotator, rotatory, rotavirus, rotelle, rotifer, Rotifera, rotiferous, rotiform, rotula, rotund, rotunda, rotundifolious, rotundity, roulette, round, roundel, roundelay, roundlet, rowel, semiround |
| ruber-, rubr- | red | Latin | ruber | erubescence, erubescent, rubella, Rubio, rubious, rubric, rubricate, rubrication, rubricator, ruby |
| rudi- | unskilled, rough, unlearned | Latin | rudis | erudite, erudition, rude, rudiment, rudimentary, rudity |
| rug- | wrinkle | Latin | rūga, rugare | corrugant, corrugate, corrugation, erugate, rugose |
| rumin- | throat | Latin | rūmen, rūminis | rumen, rumenic acid, ruminal, ruminant, ruminate, rumination, ruminator |
| rump-, rupt- | break, burst | Latin | rumpere, ruptus | abrupt, abruption, corrupt, corruptible, corruption, corruptor, disrupt, disruption, disruptive, disruptor, disrupture, erumpent, erupt, eruption, eruptive, incorrupt, incorruptibility, incorruptible, interrupt, interruptible, interruption, irrupt, irruption, irruptive, maleruption, noneruptive, reroute, rout, route, routine, rupture, subroutine, supereruption |
| rur- | countryside, farm | Latin | rūs, rūris | nonrural, roister, roisterous, rural, rustic, rusticate, rustication, rusticity |
Lists of Greek and Latin roots in English beginning with other letters:
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sacc-[131] | bag | Greek | σάκκος (sákkos) | sack |
| sacchar-[132] | sugar | Greek | σάκχαρ, σάκχαρον (sákkharon) | disaccharide, heteropolysaccharide, homopolysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, pentasaccharide, polysaccharide, saccharin, trisaccharide |
| sacr-, -secr- | sacred | Latin | sacrare, from sacer (genitive sacri) | consecrate, desecrate, sacrament, sacred, sacrosanct |
| sagac- | wise | Latin | sagax, sagacis | sagacious, sagacity |
| sagitt- | arrow | Latin | sagitta | sagittal plane, Sagittaria |
| sal- | salt | Latin | sal, salis, salere, salarium | salary, salinity |
| sali-, -sili-, salt- | jump | Latin | salire, saltus | assail, assailable, assailant, assailment, assault, assaultive, consilience, desultory, dissilience, dissilient, exult, exultant, exultation, insult, insultation, irresilient, resile, resilement, resilience, resiliency, resilient, result, resultant, salacious, salacity, salience, salient, sally, saltando, saltant, saltation, saltatorial, saltatory, saltigrade, saltire, salto, saltus, sault, sauté, sauteuse, sautille, sautoir, somersault, soubresaut, subsultory, transilience, transilient |
| salic- | willow | Latin | salix, salicis | salicin |
| salping-[133] | trumpet | Greek | σάλπιγξ, σάλπιγγος (sálpinx, sálpingos) | endosalpingiosis, hysterosalpingography, salpiglossis, salpinx |
| salu- | health, welfare | Latin | salus | salubrious, salubrity, salutary, salute |
| salv- | save | Latin | salvus, salvare | salvage, salvation, salve |
| san- | healthy | Latin | sanus | insane, insanity, sanatorium, sane, sanitarian, sanitarium, sanitary, sanitation, sanity |
| sanc- | holy | Latin | sancire (past participle sanctus) | sacrosanct, saint, sanctify, sanction, sanctuary |
| sanguin- | blood | Latin | sanguis, sanguinis | consanguinity, sanguinary, sanguine |
| sapi-, -sipi- | taste, wise | Latin | sapere "to have a taste, be wise", related to sapor "taste, flavor" | insipid, insipience, sapient |
| sapon- | soap | Latin from Frankish | sapo, saponis | saponification |
| sapphir-[134] | a precious stone | Greek from Hebrew | σάπφειρος (sáppheiros) | sapphire, sapphirine |
| sapr-[135] | rotten | Greek | σήπειν, σαπρός (saprós), σαπρότης | sapraemia, saprogenic, saprophagous, saprophyte, saprotrophic |
| sarc-[136] | flesh | Greek | σάρξ, σαρκός (sárx, sarkós) | perisarc, sarcasm, sarcastic, sarcocele, sarcoid, sarcoidosis, sarcoma, sarcophagus, Sarcopterygii, sarcosine, sarcosinemia, sarcosome |
| sarc- | tailor | Latin | sartor "tailor", from sarcire "to mend" | consarcination, sartor, sartorial, sartorius |
| sati- | enough | Latin | satis | asset, sate, satiate, satiety, satisfy, saturate |
| saur-[137] | lizard, reptile | Greek | σαύρα (saúra), σαῦρος (saûros) | dinosaur, Saurischia, sauropod |
| sax- | rock | Latin | saxum | saxatile, saxicavous, saxicoline, saxifrage, saxifragous |
| scab- | scratch | Latin | scabere | scabies |
| scal- | ladder, stairs | Latin | scala | scalar, scale |
| scalen-[138] | uneven | Greek | σκαληνός (skalēnós) | scalene, scalene muscles, scalene triangle, scalenohedron |
| scand-, -scend-, scans-, -scens- | climb | Latin | scandere | ascend, ascendency, ascendent, ascension, ascent, condescend, condescendence, condescension, descend, descendent, descension, descent, scansion, transcend, transcendence, transcendent, transcendental |
| scandal- | snare | Greek | σκάνδαλον (skándalon), σκανδαλίζω (skandalízō) | scandal, scandalize |
| scap-[139] | shaft | Greek | σκᾶπος (skâpos) | scape, scapus |
| scaph- | anything hollow, bowl, ship | Greek | σκάφη, σκάφος | Scaphirhynchus, scaphoid bone, scaphopod |
| scat-[140] | dung | Greek | σκῶρ, σκατός (skôr, skatós) | scatemia, scatology, scatoma, scatomancy, scatophagy, scatoscopy |
| sced-[141] | scatter | Greek | σκεδαννύναι (skedannúnai), σκέδασις (skédasis), (skedastós), (skedastikós) | heteroscedastic, homoscedastic |
| scel-[142] | leg, thigh | Greek | σκέλος, σκέλεος (skéleos) | isosceles, triskele, triskelion |
| scen-[143] | booth, tent | Greek | σκηνή (skēnḗ) | parascenium, proscenium, scene, scenic, scenography |
| scept-, scop- | look at, examine, view, observe | Greek | σκέπτεσθαι (sképtesthai), σκέψις (sképsis), σκέμμα, σκεπτικός (skeptikós), σκοπεῖν (skopeîn), σκοπός, σκοποῦ (skopós) | Abroscopus, diascopic, diascopy, endoscope, endoscopic, endoscopy, epidiascope, episcope, episcopic, gastroscopy, kaleidoscope, macroscopic, microscope, microscopic, panendoscopy, periscope, periscopic, scope, scopophobia, skeptic, stereoscopic, stereoscopy, stethoscope, telescope, telescopic, Telescopium |
| schem- | plan | Greek | σχῆμα (skhêma) | schema, schematic, schematism, schematize, scheme |
| schid-[144] (ΣΧΙΔ)[145] | split | Greek | σχίζειν (skhízein), σχιστός (skhistós), σχίσις (skhísis), σχίσμα (skhísma), σχίζα | diaschisis, diaschisma, schisis, schism, schisma, schismatic, schizocarp, schizogamy, schizogony, schizoid, schizophrenia, schizotrichia |
| sci-[146] | shade, shadow | Greek | σκιά (skiá), σκιάς | sciamachy, sciaphobia |
| sci- | know | Latin | scire | conscience, conscious, conscientious, omniscious, omniscient, prescient, science, scienter |
| scind-, sciss- | split | Latin | scindere | rescind, scissors |
| scler-[147] | hard | Greek | σκέλλειν (skéllein), σκληρός (sklērós), σκληρότης (sklērótēs) | sclera, sclerectomy, scleredema, sclereid, sclerema, sclerenchyma, sclerite, scleritis, scleroderma, sclerophyll, sclerophyllous, sclerosis, sclerotic, sclerotium, sclerotize |
| scolec-[148] | worm | Greek | σκώληξ, σκώληκος (skṓlēx, skṓlēkos) | scolex |
| scoli-[149] | crooked | Greek | σκολιός (skoliós), σκολιότης | scoliokyphosis, scoliosis |
| scombr-[150] | mackerel | Greek | σκόμβρος (skómbros) | scombrid, scombroid |
| scop- | Greek | |||
| scot-[151] | darkness | Greek | σκότος, σκότου, σκοταῖος | scotobiology, scotochromogen, scotogenic, scotograph, scotoma, scotoperiod, scotophase, scotophilia, scotophilic, scotophobe, scotophobia, scotophobic, scotophobotaxis, scotopic, scotoscope, scotosis, scototactic, scototaxis, scototherapy |
| scrib-, script- | write | Latin | scribere, scriptus | describe, inscribe, manuscript, prescribe, scribble, scribe, script, scripture, subscribe |
| scrupl- | uneasiness | Latin | scrupus "sharp stone" | scruple, scrupulous, unscrupulous |
| sculp- | carve | Latin | sculpere, sculptus | insculp, resculpt, sculp, sculpsit, sculpt, sculptile, sculptor, sculptress, sculptural, sculpture |
| scut- | shield | Latin | scutum | scute |
| scyph-[152] | cup | Greek | σκύφος (skúphos) | scyphoid, Scyphozoa, scyphus |
| se-, sed- | away, apart | Latin | se | secede, sedition, seditious, seduce |
| seb- | tallow | Latin | sebum | sebaceous, sebum |
| sec-, sect-, seg- | cut | Latin | secare | secant, section, segment |
| sed- | settle, calm | Latin | sedare, sedatus | sedative |
| sed-, -sid-, sess- | sit | Latin | sedere, sessus | assiduous, insidious, obsession, possess, preside, president, reside, resident, sedentary, sediment, sedimentary, sedulity, sedulous, session, subside, supersede |
| sedec- | sixteen | Latin | sedecim | sedecimal |
| seget- | in cornfields | Latin | segetum | |
| sei-[153] | shake | Greek | σείειν (seíein), σεισμός (seismós), σεῖστρον (seîstron) | aseismic, microseism, microseismic, paleoseismology, seism, seismic, seismogram, seismograph, seismology, seismometer, seismonasty, sistrum, teleseism, teleseismic |
| selen- | moon | Greek | σελήνη (selḗnē) | paraselene, selaphobia, Selene, selenium, selenocentric, selenography, selenology |
| sell- | saddle, seat | Latin | sella | sella turcica |
| sema- | sign | Greek | σῆμα (sêma) | aposematic, asemasia, asemia, asemic, pentaseme, polyseme, polysemic, polysemous, polysemy, semantics, semaphore, semasiology, sematic, seme, sememe, semiotic, tetraseme, triseme |
| semi- | half | Latin | semis | semiannual, semicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, semifinal, seminatural |
| semin- | seed | Latin | semen, seminis | insemination |
| sen- | old man | Latin | senex, senis | senator, senescent, senile, senility, senior |
| sen- | six each | Latin | seni | senary |
| sent-, sens- | feel | Latin | sentire, sensus | assent, consensus, consent, dissent, resent, scent, sensation, sense, sensible, sensitive, sensory, sentence, sentient, sentience, sentiment |
| sep-[154] | rot | Greek | σήψ (sḗps), σήπειν (sḗpein), σηπτός (sēptós), σηπτικός (sēptikós), σῆψις (sêpsis), σηπία (sēpía) | antisepsis, antiseptic, asepsis, aseptic, sepia, sepsis, septic |
| sept- | fence, partition, enclosure | Latin | saeptum | transept |
| sept- | seven | Latin | septem | septennial |
| septen- | seven each | Latin | septeni | septenary |
| septim- | seventh | Latin | septimus | septimal, septime |
| septuagen- | seventy each | Latin | septuageni | septuagenary |
| septuagesim- | seventieth | Latin | septuagesimus | septuagesima, septuagesimal |
| septuagint- | seventy | Latin | septuaginta | Septuagint |
| sequ-, secut- | follow | Latin | sequere, from sequi, see also secutus | consecutive, consequence, ensue, non sequitur, obsequious, prosecute, pursue, second, sequel, sequence, subsequent |
| ser-[155] | silk | Greek | σήρ (sḗr), σηρικός | sericin, serigraph |
| ser- | sow | Latin | serere, satus | disseminate, dissemination, insemination, postseason, preseason, sation, sative, season, seasonable, seasonal, semen, semenuria, seminal, seminar, seminarian, seminary, semination, seminiferous |
| ser- | attach, join | Latin | serere, sertus | assert, assertion, assertive, curviserial, desert, desertion, desertrix, dissert, dissertation, dissertator, exert, exertion, insert, insertion, multiseriate, reassert, reassertion, rectiserial, semidesert, serial, seriate, seriatim, series, sermon, uniseriate |
| ser- | whey | Latin | serum | serac, serosa, serous, subserous |
| ser- | late | Latin | sērus | serein, serotine, serotinous, serotiny, soiree |
| serp- | crawl, creep | Latin | serpere, serptus | serpent |
| serr- | saw, saw-toothed | Latin | serra, serrare | biserrate, serrate, serration, serrature, serriform, serrulate, sierra, sierran |
| serv- | save, protect, serve | Latin | servare | conserve, deserve, observe, preserve, reserve, servant, service, servile, servitude, subservient |
| sesqui- | one and a half | Latin | sesqui | sesquialteral, sesquicentennial, sesquipedal, sesquiplicate, sesquitertian |
| set- | bristle, hair | Latin | saeta | seta, setose |
| sever- | stern, strict, serious | Latin | severus | asseverate, asseveration, perseverance, perseverant, perseverate, perseveration, perseverative, persevere, severe, severity |
| sex- | sexual | Latin | sexus | sexual, sexuality, sex, Sexual Intercourse (abbr. "sex) |
| sex-, se- | six | Latin | sex | semester, sexangle, sexangular, sexavalent, sexennial, sexennium, sexireme, sexivalent, sexpartite, sexradiate, sextain |
| sexagen- | sixty each | Latin | sexageni | sexagenarian, sexagenary |
| sexagesim- | sixtieth | Latin | sexagesimus | Sexagesima, sexagesimal |
| sext- | sixth | Latin | sextus | bissextile, bissextus, semisextile, sestet, sestina, Sext, sextain, sextan, sextans, sextant, sextary, sextic, sextile, sextillion, siesta, sixte |
| sibil- | hiss | Latin | sibilus, sibilare | sibilance |
| sicc- | dry | Latin | siccare "to dry", from siccus "dry, thirsty" | desiccate, desiccation, sec, siccative |
| sicy- | cucumber | Greek | σίκυος (síkuos) | Sicyos |
| sider- | iron | Greek | σίδηρος (sídēros), σιδήρεος | siderodromophobia, siderophile |
| sider- | star | Latin | sidus, sideris | sidereal |
| sigm-[156] | S, s | Greek | σίγμα, σῖγμα (sîgma) | sigma, sigmatism, sigmatropic, sigmoid, sigmoidoscopy |
| sign- | sign | Latin | signum | design, designate, insignia, signal, signature, significant |
| sil- | quiet or still | Latin | silere | silence |
| silv-, sylv- | forest | Latin | silva, sylva | silviculture, sylvan, sylvatic |
| simi- | ape, monkey | Latin | simia | simian |
| simil-, simul- | likeness, imitating | Latin | simulare "to emulate", from similis "alike" | assimilate, dissimilate, dissemble, ensemble, resemble, semblance, similar, similarity, simile, similitude, simulacrum, simular, simulate, simulation, simulator, simultaneous, verisimilar, verisimilitude |
| sinap-[157] | mustard | Greek | σίναπι (sínapi), (sināpízein), (sināpismós) | sinapine, sinapism |
| singul- | one each | Latin | singulus | singular |
| sinistr- | left | Latin | sinister, sinistri | sinistral |
| sin- | China, Chinese | Latin | Sina | sinology, Sinanthropus |
| sinu- | (to draw) a line | Latin | sinuare | insinuate |
| sinus- | hollow, bay | Latin | sinus | sinusoidal |
| siop-[158] | silence | Greek | σιωπή (siōpḗ), σιωπᾶν (siōpân), σιωπητέος (siōpētéos), σιώπησις (siṓpēsis) | aposiopesis, aposiopetic |
| siph-[159] | tube | Greek | σίφων (síphōn) | siphon, siphonoglyph |
| sist- | cause to stand | Latin | sistere | assist, consist, desist, exist, insist, persist, resist, solstice, subsist |
| sit-[160] | food, grain, wheat | Greek | σῖτος, σίτου (sîtos, sítou) | ectoparasite, endoparasite, endoparasitoid, epiparasite, hyperparasitism, kleptoparasitism, mesoparasite, parasite, parasitic, parasitism, parasitoid, sitology, syssitia |
| siz-[161] | hiss | Greek | σίζω, σίξις (síxis) | |
| smaragd-[162] | emerald | Greek | σμάραγδος (smáragdos), σμαράγδινος (smarágdinos) | smaragdine |
| smil-[163] | carving knife | Greek | σμίλη (smílē), σμιλεύω, σμιλευτός, σμίλευμα | smilodon |
| soci- | group | Latin | socius, sociare | associate, association, associative, consociate, consociation, consociational, disassociate, disassociation, dissociable, dissocial, dissociate, dissociation, dissociative, interassociation, nonassociative, sociability, sociable, social, sociality, societal, society |
| sol- | sun | Latin | sol, solis | circumsolar, extrasolar, insolate, insolation, solar, solarium, soliform, soliscence, solstice, subsolar |
| sol- | comfort, soothe | Latin | solari | consolation, console, solace |
| sol- | alone, only | Latin | solus | desolate, desolation, desolatory, saudade, sole, soliloquy, solitaire, solitary, solitude, solitudinarian, solitudinous, solivagous, solo, sullen |
| sole- | accustomed | Latin | solere "be accustomed" | insolence, insolent, obsolescence, obsolescent, obsolete |
| solen-[164] | channel, pipe | Greek | σωλήν (sōlḗn) | solenocyte, solenodon, solenogaster, solenoid, Solenopsis |
| solv-, solut- | loosen, set free | Latin | solvere, solutus | absolute, absolve, dissolute, dissolve, resolute, resolve, soluble, solute, solution, solve, solvent |
| soma-[165] | body | Greek | σῶμα, σώματος (sôma, sṓmatos) | allosome, asomatous, autosome, centrosome, chromosome, decasomy, disomic, disomy, episome, gonosome, heptasomy, heterochromosome, heterodisomic, heterodisomy, hexasomy, isodisomic, isodisomy, macrosomia, metasomatic, metasomatism, microsome, microsomia, monosome, monosomic, monosomy, pentasomic, pentasomy, plasmosome, polysomic, polysomy, pyrosome, somatic, somatomancy, somatoparaphrenia, somatopleure, somatotype, somite, tetrasomic, tetrasomy, trisomic, trisomy |
| somn- | sleep | Latin | somnus | insomnia, somnambulist, somnifacient, somniferous, somnific, somniloquy, somnolent |
| somni- | dream | Latin | somnium | somnial |
| son- | sound | Latin | sonus | absonant, ambisonic, assonance, assonant, assonate, consonance, consonant, consonous, dissonance, dissonant, inconsonance, inconsonant, infrasonic, infrasound, magnisonant, resonance, resonant, resonate, resound, sonance, sonant, sonata, sondage, sonnet, sonorant, sonority, sound, subsonic, supersonic, triconsonantal, ultrasonic, ultrasound |
| soph-[166] | wise | Greek | σοφός (sophós), σοφία (sophía), σόφισμα (sóphisma), σοφισμός (sophismós) | antisophism, pansophism, pansophist, pansophy, philosophize, philosophy, sophism, sophist, sophistry, sophisticate, Sophocles, sophomania, sophomaniac, sophomore, sophomoric |
| sopor- | deep sleep | Latin | sopor | sopor, soporific |
| sorb-, sorpt- | suck | Latin | sorbere | absorb, absorbency, absorbent, absorption, absorptive, absorptivity, adsorb, adsorbent, adsorption, exsorption, insorption, malabsorption, resorb, resorption, resorptive, sorbent, sorbile, sorbition, sorption |
| sord- | dirt | Latin | sordere, sordes | sordes, sordid |
| soror- | sister | Latin | soror | cousin, sororal, sororate, sororicide, sorority |
| spa-[167] | draw, pull | Greek | σπᾶν (spân), σπάσις (spásis), σπασμός (spasmós), σπάσμα (spásma), σπαστικός (spastikós), σπώμενον (spṓmenon), σπάδιξ (spádix), σπαδίζω | antispasmodic, palinspastic, perispomenon, properispomenon, spadix, spasm, spasmatic, spasmodic, spasmogenic, spasmolytic, spastic, spasticity |
| spad-[168] | eunuch | Greek | σπάδος (spádos), σπάδων (spádōn), σπαδοειδής | epispadias, hypospadias |
| sparg-, -sperg-, spars-, -spers- | scatter, sprinkle | Latin | spargere | asperse, aspersion, aspersive, dispersal, disperse, dispersion, dispersive, insperse, inspersion, interspersal, intersperse, interspersion, nonaspersion, nondispersive, nonsparse, sparge, spargefaction, sparse, sparsity |
| spath- | blade | Greek | σπάθη (spáthē) | spade, spatha, spathe, spay |
| spati- | space | Latin | spatium | interspace, interspatial, space, spatial, spatiate, subspace |
| spec-, -spic-, spect- | look | Latin | perspicuus, specere, spectare, speculari | aspect, aspectual, auspicate, auspice, auspicious, biaspectual, bispecific, bispecificity, circumspect, circumspection, circumspective, conspecific, conspecificity, conspectus, conspicuous, despection, despicable, despiciency, despise, despite, disrespect, disrespectable, especial, expect, expectancy, expectant, expectation, inauspicious, incircumspect, inconspicuous, infraspecific, inspect, inspection, inspector, inspeximus, interspecies, interspecific, intraspecies, intraspecific, introspection, introspective, irrespective, multispecific, multispecificity, multispectral, nonspecific, perspective, perspicacious, perspicuity, perspicuous, prospect, prospective, prospector, prospectus, prospicience, prospicient, reinspect, respect, respectability, respectable, respectant, respective, respite, retrospection, retrospective, special, speciality, speciation, specie, species, specific, specification, specificity, specimen, speciosity, specious, spectacle, spectacular, spectacularity, spectant, spectation, spectator, spectatorial, spectral, spectre, spectrum, specular, speculate, speculation, speculative, speculator, speculatory, speculum, spice, spite, subspeciality, subspecies, suspect, suspicion, suspicious, transpicuous, trispecific, unispecific |
| speir-, spor-[169] | sow | Greek | σπείρω (speírō), σπαρτός, σπορά, σποράς, σποράδος (sporás, sporádos), σποραδικός (sporadikós), σπόρος (spóros) | aplanospore, archesporium, carpospore, chlamydospore, diaspora, diaspore, endospore, esparto, eusporangium, exospore, heterosporous, heterospory, homosporous, isosporous, leptosporangium, megasporangium, megaspore, microsporangium, microspore, mitospore, sporadic, sporangiospore, sporangium, spore, sporocarp, sporophyte, teliospore, tetraspore, tetrasporophytic, zygospore |
| spele- | cavern | Greek | σπέος (spéos), σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) | speleogen, speleogenesis, speleology, Speleomantes, speleomorphology, speleoseismite, speleothem, speleotherapy |
| spelyng-[170] | cave | Greek | σπῆλυγξ, (spêlynx, spēlyng-) | spelunk |
| spend-, spond-[171] | pledge, promise | Greek | σπένδειν (spéndein), σπονδή, σπονδάς (spondḗ, spondás), σπονδεῖος, σπονδικός | spondaic, Sponde, spondee |
| sper- | hope | Latin | spes, sperare | despair, desperado, desperate, desperation, esperance, prosper, prosperity, prosperous |
| sperm-[172] | seed | Greek | σπέρμα, σπέρματος (spérma, spérmatos) | angiosperm, endosperm, gymnosperm, perisperm, sperm, spermatid, spermatocyte, spermatogenesis, spermatogonium, spermatozoon, stenospermocarpy |
| sphal-[173] (ΣΦΑΛ[174]) | cause to fall | Greek | σφάλλειν (sphállein), σφαλερός (sphalerós), σφαλλόμενον | sphalerite, sphaleron |
| sphen-[175] | wedge | Greek | σφήν, σφηνός (sphḗn, sphēnós) | sphenic, Sphenodon, sphenoid |
| spher-[176] | ball | Greek | σφαῖρα (sphaîra) | aspheric, hemisphere, hypersphere, mesosphere, pseudosphere, sphere, spherics, spheroid, spherometer, spherulite, stratosphere, trimetasphere, troposphere |
| sphing-, sphinct- | strangle | Greek | σφίγγειν (sphíngein), Σφίγξ sphings, σφιγκτήρ | sphincter |
| sphondyl- | vertebra | Greek | σφόνδυλος, σφονδύλου (sphóndulos, sphondúlou) | spondylitis, spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, spondylosis, Temnospondyli |
| sphrag- | seal | Greek | σφραγίς (sphragís), (sphragistikós), σφραγίζω | sphragistic |
| sphyg- | pulse | Greek | σφύζειν (sphúzein), σφυγμός (sphugmós), (sphugmikós), (sphúxis) | asphyxia, sphygmic, sphygmochronograph, sphygmograph, sphygmomanometer, sphygmus |
| spic- | spike | Latin | spica | spica, spicate, spicose, spicosity, spicular, spiculate, spicule, spiculiform |
| spin- | thorn | Latin | spina | infraspinate, infraspinatus, interspinal, spinal, spine, spinel, spinescent, spiniferous, spiniform, spinose, spinous |
| spir- | breathe | Latin | spirare | aspire, conspire, expire, inspire, perspire, respiration, spirit |
| splen- | spleen | Greek | σπλήν (splḗn), splēnikós | asplenia, hypersplenism, hyposplenia, polysplenia, splenectomy, splenic, splenitis, splenoid, splenomegaly |
| spond- | Greek | |||
| spond-, spons- | a surety, guarantee; give assurance, promise solemnly | Latin | spondere, sponsus | correspond, correspondence, correspondent, corresponsive, cosponsor, despond, despondency, despondent, desponsage, desponsate, desponsation, disespouse, espousage, espousal, espouse, interspousal, irresponsibility, irresponsible, irresponsive, nonresponsive, respond, respondee, respondence, respondent, response, responsibility, responsible, responsion, responsive, responsivity, riposte, sponsal, sponsion, sponsional, sponsor, spousal, spouse |
| spondyl- | vertebra | Greek | σπόνδυλος (spóndulos) | platyspondyly, spondylid, spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, spondylopyosis, spondyloschisis, spondylosis, spondylosyndesis, Spondylus |
| spor- | Greek | |||
| spu-, sput- | spew, spit | Latin | spuere | exspuition, sputum |
| squal- | scaly, dirty, filthy | Latin | squalere | squalid, squalidity, squalor |
| squam- | scale | Latin | squama | squamous |
| squarros- | spreading at tips | Latin | squarrosus | squarrose |
| st- (ΣΤΑ) | cause to stand | Greek | ἵστημι histēmi, histánai, στατικός, στάσις, στατήρ, στήλη | acrostatic, actinostele, anastasis, antistatic, apostasy, apostate, astasia, astasis, astatic, astatine, catastasis, chronostasis, diastase, diastasis, diastatic, diasystem, ecstasy, ecstatic, epistasis, episteme, epistemic, epistemology, eustasis, eustatic, eustele, haplostele, homeostasis, homeostatic, hydrostatic, hypostasis, hypostasize, hypostatic, hypostatize, mesostatic, metastasis, metastasize, metastatic, metasystem, orthostates, orthostatic, protostele, stasimon, stasis, stater, static, statoblast, statocyst, statolith, stela, stele, systasis, system, systematic, systematize, systematology, systemic, teleutostatic |
| st- | stand | Latin | stare "to stand", also causative form statuere "to enact, set", from status "condition, position" | antestature, arrest, arrestant, arrestee, bistability, bistable, bistate, circumstance, circumstantial, consist, constable, constabulary, constancy, constant, constitute, consubstantiation, contrast, distance, distant, equidistance, equidistant, establish, estate, extant, inconstancy, inconstant, instability, instance, instant, obstacle, presto, stable, stamen, stamina, stance, stanchion, stanza, state, station, stationary, statistic, statue, status, staunch, stay, substance, substantial, substantiality, substantiate, substantiation, substantive, substate, substation, substitute, superstation, superstition, superstitious, transubstantiate, transubstantiation, tristate |
| stagn- | pool of standing water | Latin | stagnare | stagnant |
| stala- | dripping, trickling | Greek | σταλακτός (stalaktós) and σταλαγμός (stalagmós), both from σταλάζειν (stalázein) "to drip" | stalactite, stalagmite |
| stann- | tin | Latin | stannum | stannous |
| staphyl-[177] | bunch of grapes | Greek | σταφυλή (staphulḗ) | staphyledema, staphylion, staphylococcus, staphyloderma, staphyloplasty |
| statu-, -stitu- | stand | Latin | statuere | institution, statute |
| steat-[178] | fat, tallow | Greek | στέαρ, στέατος (stéar, stéatos) | stearic acid, steatolysis, steatolytic, steatosis |
| steg-[179] | cover | Greek | στέγειν, στέγη (stégē), στεγανός (steganós) | steganography, steganopod, Stegosaurus |
| stell-, stol-[180] | send | Greek | στέλλω (stéllō), στάλσις (stálsis), στολή (stolḗ) | apostle, centrostaltic, diastole, epistle, epistolic, epistolize, epistolography, eusystole, hypodiastole, peristalsis, peristaltic, peristole, stole, systaltic, systole |
| stell- | star | Latin | stella | constellate, constellation, stellar |
| sten- | stand | Greek | στεναί (stenaí) | apostasy, apostate |
| sten-[181] | narrow | Greek | στενός (stenós) | stenography, stenosis |
| stere-[182] | solid | Greek | στερεός (stereós) | allosteric, stereochemistry, stereochromy, stereographic, stereography, stereoisomer, stereometry, stereophonic, stereopsis, stereoscope, stereoscopy, stereotaxis, stereotomy, stereotype, stereotypic, steric |
| stern-[183] | breastbone | Greek | στέρνον (stérnon) | metasternum, prosternum, sternum |
| stern-, strat- | spread, strew | Latin | sternere, stratus | consternation, prostrate, stratify, stratum, stratus, street |
| steth-[184] | chest | Greek | στῆθος (stêthos) | stethoscope |
| sthen-[185] | strength | Greek | σθένος (sthénos) | asthenia, asthenosphere, callisthenics, hyposthenia, sthène, sthenia |
| stich-[186] | line, row | Greek | στείχειν (steíkhein), στίχος (stíkhos) | acrostic, cadastre, distich, distichous, haplostichous, hemistich, heptastich, monostich, monostichous, orthostichy, pentastich, polystichia, polystichous, stich, stichic, stichomancy, stichometry, stichomythia, telestich |
| stich-[187] | tunic | Greek | στίχη (stíkhē), στιχάριον (stikhárion) | sticharion |
| stig-[188] | mark, puncture | Greek | στίζειν (stízein), στίξις (stíxis), στίγμα, στίγματος (stígma, stígmatos) | anastigmat, anastigmatic, astigmatic, astigmatism, stigma, stigmata, stigmatic |
| still- | drip | Latin | stilla, stillare | distillation, instill |
| stimul- | goad, rouse, excite | Latin | stimulus | stimulate |
| stin- | stand | Latin | stinare | destination, obstinate |
| stingu-, stinct- | apart | Latin | stinguere | distinction, distinguish |
| stoch-[189] | aim | Greek | στόχος (stókhos), στοχαστικός (stokhastikós), στόχασμα | stochastic |
| stom- | mouth | Greek | στόμα, στόματος (stóma, stómatos) | anastomosis, anastomotic, deuterostome, monostomous, ozostomia, pentastomid, protostome, stoma, stomach, stomatalgia, stomatic, stomatoplasty, -stome |
| stor-[190] (ΣΤΟΡ)[191] | spread, strew | Greek | στορέννυμι (storénnumi), στόρνυμι, στρῶμα (strôma) | biostrome, stroma |
| strat- | army | Greek | στρατός (stratós), στρατηγία (stratēgía) | stratagem, strategic, strategist, strategus, strategy, stratocracy, stratography, stratonic |
| streper- | noise | Latin | strepere | obstreperous |
| streph-, stroph-, strob-, stromb-[192] | turn | Greek | στρέφειν (stréphein), στρεπτός (streptós), στροφή (strophḗ) | anastrophe, antistrophe, apostrophe, boustrophedon, catastrophe, catastrophic, catastrophism, epistrophe, monostrophe, monostrophic, strophe, strophic |
| strept- | twisted | Greek | στρέφειν, στρεπτός (streptós), στρεψίς (strepsís) | Strepsiptera, strepsirrhine, streptococcus |
| strig- | compress | Latin | strix, strigis | strigogyps |
| strigos- | having stiff bristles | Latin | strigosus from striga | strigose |
| string-, strict- | tight, upright, stiff | Latin | stringere, strictus | astringent, constrain, constrict, constringe, restrict, strain, strict, stringent |
| stroph- | turn | Greek | ||
| stru-, struct- | to make up, build | Latin | struere, structus | construct, construction, construe, destroy, destruct, instruct, obstruct, structure |
| stud- | dedication | Latin | studere | étude, student |
| stup- | wonder | Latin | stupere | stupid, stupor |
| styg-[193] | Styx | Greek | Στύξ, Στυγός (Stúx, Stugós), Στύγιος | Stygian, stygiophobia |
| styl-[194] | column, pillar | Greek | στῦλος (stûlos), στυλόω (stulóō) | amphiprostyle, amphistyly, anastylosis, araeostyle, araeosystyle, blastostyle, diastyle, epistyle, eustyle, hexastyle, hyostyly, hypostyle, monostylous, octastyle, orthostyle, peristyle, prostyle, pycnostyle, stylite, Stylites, stylobate, styloid, stylolite, stylus, systyle |
| su-, sut- | sew | Latin | suere, sutus | couture, suture |
| suad-, suas- | urge | Latin | suadere, suasus | persuasion |
| suav- | sweet | Latin | suavis | assuage, suave, suavity |
| sub-, su-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sus- | below | Latin | sub | submarine, submerge, suffix, suggest, support |
| subter- | under | Latin | subter | subterfuge |
| sucr- | sugar | Latin | succarum | sucrose |
| sud- | sweat | Latin | sudare | exudate, exude, sudarium, sudoriferous, transudate |
| sui- | self | Latin | sui | sui generis, suicide |
| sulc- | furrow | Latin | sulcus | sulcus |
| sum- | sum | Latin | summare "to sum up", from summa "sum" | consummate, consummation, sum, summa cum laude, summary, summation |
| sum-, sumpt- | take | Latin | sumere, sumptus | assume, assumption, consume, consumption, presumption, subsume |
| super- | above, over | Latin | super | insuperable, soprano, sovereign, summit, superable, superb, supercilious, supercomputer, superficial, superfluous, superimpose, superior, superlative, supermarket, supernal, supernatural, supernova, superposition, superpower, superscript, supersede, supersonic, superstition, supervene, supervise, supreme, supremum, surname, surplus, surround, survive |
| supin- | lying back | Latin | supinus | supination, supine |
| supra- | above, over | Latin | supra | supranationalism |
| surd- | deaf | Latin | surdus | absurdity |
| surg- | rise | Latin | surgere | insurgent, insurrection, resurgent, resurrection |
| sybar-[195] | Sybaris | Greek | Σύβαρις, συβάρεως, Συβαρίτης Sybarī́tēs, Συβαριτικός | Sybarite, sybaritic, sybaritism |
| syc- | fig | Greek | συκῆ, σῦκον (sûkon) | sycomancy, sycophant |
| syn-, sy-, syg-, syl-, sym-, sys-[196] | with | Greek | σύν (sún) | syllogism, symbol, symmetry, sympathy, synonym, synchronous, system |
| syring- | pipe | Greek | σύριγξ, σύριγγος (súrinx, súringos) | syringe, Syringodea, Syringoderma, Syringogaster, syringoma, syringomyelia, syrinx |
Lists of Greek and Latin roots in English beginning with other letters:
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tac-, -tic- | be silent | Latin | tacere, tacitus | reticent, reticence, tacit, taciturn |
| tach- | swift | Greek | ταχύς (takhús), τάχος (tákhos) | tachometer, tachycardia, tachyrhythmia, tachytelic |
| taeni- | ribbon | Greek | τείνειν (teínein), ταινία (tainía), ταινίδιον (tainídion) | diplotene, leptotene, pachytene, taenia, taenidia, taenidium, taeniodont, Taeniolabis, zygotene |
| tag- (ΤΑΓ)[197] | arrange, order | Greek | τάσσειν (tássein), τακτός (taktós), τακτικός (taktikós), τάξις (táxis), τάγμα (tágma) | ataxia, chemotaxis, epitaxis, eutaxy, hypotaxis, magnetotaxis, metasyntactic, parataxis, phonotactic, phonotactics, phototaxis, rheotaxis, syntactic, syntagma, syntagmatic, syntax, tactic, tagma, taxis, taxonomy, thermotaxis |
| tal- | ankle | Latin | talus | talus |
| tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag- | touch | Latin | tangere (past participle tactus) | attain, contact, contagious, contingent, contingency, contiguous, intact, tactile, tangent, tangible |
| tapet- | carpet | Latin | tapete, tapetis | tapestry, tapetum, tapis |
| tarac- (ΤΑΡΑΧ)[198] | stir | Greek | ταράσσειν (tarássein), ταρακτός, ταρακτικός, τάραγμα, θράσσω | ataractic, ataraxia |
| tard- | slow | Latin | tardus | retard, tardigrade, tardy |
| tars- | ankle | Greek | ταρσός (tarsós, "a flat basket") | metatarsus, tarsal, tarsoclasis, tarsometatarsus, tarsus |
| taur- | bull | Greek | ταῦρος (taûros) | Minotaur, taurobolium, taurocholic, tauromachy |
| taur- | bull | Latin | taurus | Taurus |
| tec- (ΤΑΚ)[199] | melt | Greek | τήκειν | eutectic, eutectoid |
| tec-, toc- (ΤΕΚ)[200] | childbirth | Greek | τίκτειν, τόκος (tókos) | ditokous, dystocia, embiotocid, monotocous, teknonymous, teknonymy, tokophobia |
| techn- (ΤΕΚ)[201] | art, skill | Greek | τίκτειν (tíktein), τέχνη (tékhnē), τέκτων, τέκτονος (téktōn, téktonos), τεκτονικός (tektonikós) | architect, polytechnic, techne, technique, technocracy, technocrat, technogaianism, technology, technophilia, technophobia, tectonic |
| tecn- (ΤΕΚ)[202] | child | Greek | τίκτω, τέκνον, τέκνου (téknon, téknou) | teknonymous, teknonymy |
| teg-, tect- | cover | Latin | tegere, tectus | contection, detect, detectable, detection, detective, detector, integument, integumentary, obtect, pretectal, pretectum, protect, protection, protective, protector, protectorate, protectory, protectress, protectrix, protégé, protégée, tectrix, tectum, tegmen, tegmental, tegula, tegular, tegument, tile, tog, toga, togate, togavirus, toggery |
| tele- | far, end | Greek | τῆλε (têle) | telegram, telegraph, telemetry, telepathy, telephone, telescope, television |
| tele- | complete | Greek | τέλος, τέλεος (télos, téleos), τέλεσις (télesis) | atelectasis, ateleiosis, atelophobia, teleology, telesis, toll |
| tem-, tom- [203] (ΤΕΜ[204]) | cut | Greek | τέμνειν (témnein), τομός (tomós), τόμος (tómos), τομή (tomḗ), τμῆσις (tmêsis) | acrotomophilia, anatomy, apotemnophilia, atom, atomic, autotomy, diatom, dichotomous, dichotomy, ectomy, entomology, entomomancy, entomophagous, entomophilous, epitome, monatomic, pentatomic, polyatomic, polytomy, Temnospondyli, tmesis, tome, tomogram, tomography, trichotomous, trichotomy |
| temn-, tempt- | – | Latin | temnere | contemn, contemnible, contempt, contemptible, contumacious, contumacy, contumelious, contumely |
| tempor- | time | Latin | tempus, temporis | contemporaneous, contemporary, extemporaneous, tempo, temporal, temporary |
| ten-, ton- [205] (ΤΑΝ[206]) | stretch | Greek | τείνειν (teínein), τεινόμενον, τανύειν (tanúein), τετανός (tetanós), τόνος (tónos), τονικός (tonikós), τονή (tonḗ), τάσις (tásis), ταινία | anhemitonic, atelectasis, atonic, atritonic, barytone, catatonia, catatoniac, catatonic, decatonic, diatonic, ditone, dodecatonic, dystonia, ectasia, enneatonic, entasia, entasis, epitasis, hemitonia, hemitonic, heptatonic, hexatonic, hyperisotonic, hypertonia, hypertonic, hypotenuse, hypotonia, hypotonic, isotonic, microtone, monotone, monotonic, monotonous, monotony, neoteny, octatonic, oxytone, paroxytone, pentatonic, peritoneum, polytonic, proparoxytone, protasis, pyelectasis, syntonic, tetanolysin, tetanospasmin, tetanus, tetany, tetratonic, tone, tonic, tonoplast, tritonic, tune |
| ten-, -tin-, tent-, tain-, tinu- | hold, keep | Latin | tenere, tentus | abstain, abstention, abstinence, abstinent, appertain, appertinent, appurtenance, appurtenant, contain, containment, content, contentive, contentment, continence, continent, continental, continual, continuance, continuant, continuation, continuative, continue, continuity, continuous, continuum, contratenor, countenance, detain, detainder, detainee, detainer, detainment, detention, detinue, discontent, discontentment, discontinuance, discontinuation, discontinue, discontinuity, discontinuous, entertain, entertainment, equicontinuity, equicontinuous, impertinence, impertinent, incontinence, incontinent, intenible, intercontinental, irretentive, lieutenant, maintain, maintenance, malcontent, obtain, obtainment, obtention, pertain, pertinacious, pertinacity, pertinence, pertinent, purtenance, reobtain, retain, retainer, retainment, retention, retentive, retinue, se-tenant, sustenance, sustentacular, sustentaculum, sustentation, sustention, tenable, tenace, tenacious, tenacity, tenancy, tenant, tenet, tenor, tenure, tenurial, tenuto, transcontinental |
| tend-, tens- | stretch, strain | Latin | tendere (past participle tensus) | ambitendency, attempt, attend, attendee, attent, attention, attentive, coextend, coextension, coextensive, contend, contention, contentious, detent, détente, distend, distension, distent, distention, entendre, entente, extend, extensible, extension, extensional, extensionality, extensive, extensivity, extensor, extent, inattention, inattentive, inextensible, intend, intense, intensification, intension, intensional, intensity, intensive, intent, obtend, obtension, ostensible, ostension, ostensive, ostensory, ostent, ostentation, ostentatious, portend, portension, portent, portentous, pretend, pretense, pretension, subtend, subtense, superintend, superintendency, superintendent, tempt, temptation, tend, tendency, tendential, tendentious, tender, tense, tensible, tensile, tensility, tension, tensure, tent, tentacle, tentacular, tentage, tentation, tentative, tentiginous, tentorium |
| tenu- | slender, thin | Latin | tenuare "make thin", from tenuis "thin" | attenuate, extenuate, tenuous |
| tep- | be warm | Latin | tepere | subtepid, tepefaction, tepid, tepidarium, tepidity, tepor |
| ter-, trit- | rub, wear | Latin | terere, tritus | attrition, contrite, contrition, detriment, detrimental, detrital, detrition, detritivore, detritivorous, detritus, retriment, tribulation, trite, triturate, trituration, triture |
| tere- | guard | Greek | τηρεῖν (tēreîn), τήρησις (tḗrēsis) | synteresis |
| teret- | rounded | Latin | teres, teretis | subterete, teretial |
| terg-, ters- | wipe | Latin | tergere, tersus | absterge, abstergent, abstersion, abstersive, deterge, detergency, detergent, terse |
| termin- | boundary, limit, end | Latin | terminus | determine, interminable, terminal, termination |
| tern- | three each | Latin | terni | ternary, ternion |
| terr- | earth | Latin | terra | inter, subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain, terrarium, terrestrial, territory |
| terti- | third | Latin | tertius | tertian, tertiary |
| test- | witness | Latin | testis | attest, contest, detest, protest, testament, testify, testimony |
| tetart-[207] | fourth | Greek | τέταρτος (tétartos) | tetartanopsia, tetartohedric |
| tetr- | four | Greek | τέτϝαρες, τέσσαρες, τεσσάρων (téssares, tessárōn) | diatessaron, tetragon, tetrahedron, tetralogy, tetrameter, tetraphobia, tetrapod, tetrode |
| teuch- | make | Greek | τεύχειν (teúkhein), τυγχάνω, τευκτός, τευκτικός, τεῦξις (teûxis), τεῦγμα (teûgma), τεῦχος, τεύχεος (teûkhos, teúkheos), τύχη (túkhē), τυκτός (tuktós) | Heptateuch, octateuch, Pentateuch |
| tex-, text- | weave | Latin | texere, textus | context, subtle, pretext, text, textile, texture |
| thalam- | chamber, bed | Greek | θάλαμος (thálamos) | epithalamion, hypothalamus, prothalamion, thalamotomy, thalamus |
| thalass- | sea | Greek | θάλασσα (thálassa) | Panthalassa, thalassemia, thalassic, thalassophobia |
| than- (ΘΑΝ)[208][209] | death | Greek | θνήσκειν, θάνατος (thánatos) | euthanasia, thanatocoenosis, thanatoid, thanatology, thanatophobia, thanatophoric, thanatopsis |
| thaumat- | miracle | Greek | θαυματ (thaumat) | thaumatology, thaumaturge, thaumaturgy |
| the-, thus- | god | Greek | θεός (theós) | atheism, atheistic, ditheism, enthusiasm, monotheism, Pantheon, polytheism, Thea, theobromine, theocracy, theodicy, Theodore, theogony, theology, theophobia, Timothy, tritheism |
| the- (ΘΕ)[210] | put | Greek | τιθέναι (tithénai), θετός (thetós), θετικός (thetikós), θέσις (thésis), θέμα (théma), θήκη (thḗkē) | anathema, anathematic, antithesis, antithetic, apothecium, athematic, Bibliotheca, bodega, boutique, deem, doom, enthesis, enthetic, epenthesis, epenthetic, epitheca, epithet, hypothec, hypothesis, monothematic, nomothetic, oligosynthetic, parenthesis, parenthetic, polysynthetic, prosthesis, prosthetic, prothesis, prothetic, pseudothecium, synthesis, synthetic, theca, thecium, thematic, theme, Themis, thesaurus, thesis, treasure |
| thea- | view | Greek | θεᾶσθαι (theâsthai), θέατρον (théatron) | amphitheatre, metatheatre, theatre, theatric |
| thel- | nipple | Greek | θηλή (thēlḗ) | athelia, endothelium, epithelium, mesothelioma, mesothelium, thelium, thelial |
| theori- | speculation | Greek | θεωρητικός (theōrētikós), θεώρημα (theṓrēma), θεωρία (theōría) | theorem, theoretic, theorist, theorize, theory |
| ther- | beast, animal | Greek | θήρ, θηρός (thḗr, thērós) | therapsid, therianthropy, theroid, theropod, theropsid |
| therap- | serve | Greek | θεράπων (therápōn), θεραπεύειν (therapeúein), θεραπευτός, θεραπευτικός (therapeutikós), θεραπεία (therapeía) | therapeutic, therapist, therapy |
| therm- | heat, warm | Greek | θέρεσθαι (théresthai), θέρμη (thérmē), θερμός (thermós) | thermal, athermancy, diathermancy, ectotherm, endotherm, endothermic, exothermic, geothermic, homeothermy, hyperthermia, hypothermia, isotherm, poikilotherm, thermobaric, thermochromism, thermodynamic, thermolysis, thermometer, thermophilic, thermophobia, thermoplastic, thermoplegia, thermos, thermosphere, thermostat, thermostatic |
| thig- (ΘΙΓ)[211] | touch | Greek | θιγγάνειν (thingánein), θίξις (thíxis), θίγημα (thígēma) | antithixotropic, thigmonasty, thigmotaxis, thixotropic, thixotropy |
| thorac- | chest | Greek | θώραξ, θώρακος (thṓrax, thṓrakos) | hemothorax, pneumothorax, thoracic, thorax |
| thym- | mood | Greek | θυμός (thumós) | cyclothymia, dysthymia, euthymia, hyperthymia |
| thyr- | door | Greek | θύρα (thúra) | thyratron |
| thyre- | large shield | Greek | θυρεός (thureós) | Thyreophora, thyroid, thyrotropin, thyroxine |
| tim- | be afraid | Latin | timere | timid, timorous |
| ting-, tinct- (TING)[212] | dye, moisten | Latin | tingere, tinctus | aquatint, distain, mezzotint, tinct, tinctorial, tincture, tinge, tingent, tint |
| tom- | cut | Greek | τομή (tomḗ), τόμος (tómos) | anatomy, appendectomy, atom, dichotomy, ectomy, embolectomy, tome, tonsillectomy, vasectomy |
| ton- (ΤΑΝ)[213] | stretch | Greek | τείνειν (teínein), τόνος (tónos), τονικός (tonikós) | isotonic, monotone, tone |
| top- [214] | place, location | Greek | τόπος (tópos) | atopic, atopy, dystopia, ectopia, ectopic, entopic, epitope, eutopia, isotope, nomotopic, polytope, topiary, topic, topography, topology, toponomastics, toponym, toponymy, topos, utopia, zonotope |
| torn-[215] | turn, rotate | Latin from Greek | tornare < τόρνος (tórnos) | tornado, tournament, turn |
| torpe- | be numb | Latin | torpere | torpent, torpid, torpor |
| torqu-, tort- | twist | Latin | torquere, tortus | contort, distort, extort, extortion, retort, torque, torsion, tortuous, torture |
| tot- | all, whole | Latin | totus | subtotal, total, totality |
| tox-[216] | arrow, bow, poison | Greek | τόξον (tóxon) | anatoxin, antitoxin, autotoxin, exotoxin, intoxicate, neurotoxin, psychotoxic, toxic, toxin, toxoid, toxology, toxoplasmosis |
| trab- | beam | Latin | trabs, trabis | trabeculae |
| trach-[217] | rough | Greek | τραχύς (trakhús) | trachea, tracheids, tracheitis, tracheophyte, tracheostomy, tracheotomy, trachoma |
| trag-[218] | he-goat | Greek | τράγος (trágos) | tragedy, tragic, tragus |
| trah-, tract- | draw, pull | Latin | tractare, frequentative of trahere, tractus | abstract, attract, contract, detract, retract, subtract, subtrahend, tractable, traction, tractor |
| trans-, tra-, tran- | across | Latin | trans | intransigent, tradition, transact, transcend, transient, transitory, transparent, transport |
| trapez-[219] | four-legged, table | Greek | τράπεζα (trápeza), τραπέζιον, (trapézion) | trapeze, trapezium, trapezius, trapezohedron, trapezoid |
| traum-[220] | wound | Greek | τραῦμα, τραῦματος (traûma, traûmatos) | trauma, traumatic, traumatize, traumatophobia |
| trecent- | three hundred | Latin | trecenti | trecentennial, trecentillion |
| trech-, troch-[221] | run, wheel | Greek | τρέχειν (trékhein), τρεχόμενον, τρόχος (tróchos), τροχός, τροχοῦ (trochós), τρόχωσις, τροχαῖος (trochaîos), τροχαϊκός (trochaïkós), τροχοειδής | ditrochee, epitrochoid, hypotrochoid, trochaic, trochanter, trochee, trochelminth, trochlea, trochophore, trochoid |
| tredec- | thirteen | Latin | tredecim | tredecimal |
| treiskaidek- | thirteen | Greek | τρεισκαίδεκα (treiskaídeka) | triskaidekaphobia, triskaidecagon |
| trem- | tremble | Latin | tremere | tremor |
| trema- | hole | Greek | τετραίνω, τρῆμα (trêma) | monotrematous, monotreme, trema, tréma, trematode |
| trep-, trop-[222] | turn | Greek | τρέπειν (trépein), τρέψις (trépsis), τρόπος, τρόπου (trópos), τροπή, τροπῆς (tropḗ), τροπικός (tropikós) | allotrope, anisotropy, Atropos, ectropion, entropic, entropion, entropy, heliotropism, isentropic, isotrope, isotropic, isotropy, pleiotropic, pleiotropy, polytrope, protrepsis, protreptic, psychotropic, treponeme, treponematosis, treponemiasis, trope, tropic, tropism, tropopause, troposphere, trove |
| treph-, troph-[223] | feed, grow | Greek | τρέφειν (tréphein), τροφός (trophós), τροφή (trophḗ), θρέμμα | amyotrophic, atrophy, autotroph, auxotrophy, chemolithoautotroph, dystrophy, hemidystrophy, heterotroph, hypertrophy, lithoautotroph, lithotroph, mixotroph, organotroph, phagotrophy, photoheterotroph, phototroph, phototrophic, phototrophy, pogonotrophy, poliodystrophy, prototrophy, trophectoderm, trophic, trophobiosis, trophobiotic, trophoblast, trophoblastic, trophozoite |
| trepid- | tremble | Latin | trepidare "to tremble, hurry", from trepidus "alarmed, scared" | intrepid, trepid, trepidation |
| tri-[224] | three | Greek | τρεῖς, τρία (tría), τριάς | atritonic, triad, triadic, Triassic, tricycle, trigon, triode, tripod, trisyllabic, tritonic |
| tri- | three | Latin | trēs | triangle, triumvirate, trivia |
| trib-, tript-[225] | rub | Greek | τρίβειν (tríbein), τριπτός, τρῖψις | diatribe, tribochromism, tribology, trypsin, tryptic |
| tribu- | pay | Latin | tribuere "to pay", from tribus | attribute, contribute,distribute, retribution, tribe, tribulation, tribunal, tribune, tributary, tribute |
| tricen- | thirty each | Latin | triceni | tricenary |
| tricesim-, trigesim- | thirtieth | Latin | tricesimus | trigesimal |
| trich- | hair | Greek | θρίξ, τριχός (trikhós) | peritrichous, trichopathophobia, Trichoptera |
| trin- | three each | Latin | trini | trinary, trine, trinity |
| trit- [226] | third | Greek | τρίτος (trítos) | tritagonist, tritanomaly, tritanopia, trite, tritium |
| tritic- | wheat | Latin | triticum | triticale |
| troch- | wheel | Greek | τροχός (trokhós) | trochlea |
| trop- | turn | Greek | τρόπος (tropos) | contrive, heliotropism, isotrope, psychotropic, retrieve, trope, tropic, tropism, troposphere, troubadour, trove |
| troph- | feed, grow | Greek | τροφή, τροφός (trophós) | dystrophy, pogonotrophy, trophic |
| truc- | fierce | Latin | trux, trucis | truculence, truculency, truculent |
| trud-, trus- | thrust | Latin | trudere, trusus | abstrude, abstruse, abstrusion, abstrusity, detrude, detrusion, detrusor, extrude, extrusible, extrusion, extrusive, inobtrusive, intrude, intrusion, intrusive, nonintrusive, obtrude, obtrusion, obtrusive, protrude, protrudent, protrusile, protrusion, protrusive, retrude, retruse, retrusion, retrusive |
| trunc- | cut off | Latin | truncare "to maim, mutilate", from truncus "mutilated, cut off" | detruncate, detruncation, entrench, entrenchment, intrench, intrenchment, obtruncate, obtruncation, omnitruncation, retrench, retrenchment, tranche, tranchet, trench, trenchancy, trenchant, truncate, truncation, truncheon, trunk, trunnion |
| tryp-[227] | bore | Greek | τρυπᾶν (trupân), τρύπανον (trúpanon) | trepan, trypanophobia, trypanosome |
| tum- | be swollen | Latin | tumere | detumescence, detumescent, intumescence, tumefacient, tumefaction, tumesce, tumescence, tumescent, tumid, tumidity, tumor, tumorous, tumular, tumulose, tumulous, tumult, tumultuary, tumultuous, tumulus |
| turb- | disturb | Latin | turba | disturb, disturbance, nonperturbative, perturb, perturbance, perturbation, perturbative, trouble, troublous, turbid, turbidity, turbinate, turbine, turbulence, turbulent |
| tuss- | cough | Latin | tussis, tussire | pertussis, tussive |
| tymb-[228] | mound | Greek | τύμβος (túmbos), τυμβεύω, τύμβευμα | entomb, tomb |
| tympan- | drum | Greek | τύμπανον (túmpanon) | timbre, timpanist, tympani, tympanum |
| typ-[229] (ΤΥΠ[230]) | stamp, model | Greek | τύπτειν (túptein), τύπος (túpos), τυπικός (tupikós), τύμπανον (túmpanon) | allotype, archetype, ecotype, ectype, epitype, ergatotype, heterotype, heterotypic, holotype, homeotypic, homotype, homotypic, isosyntype, isotype, lectotype, logotype, monotypic, neotype, paralectotype, paratype, phenotype, prototype, schizotypic, syntype, type, typography, typology |
| typh-[231] | smoke | Greek | τύφειν (túphein), τῦφος (tûphos), τυφώδης | typhoid, typhous, typhus |
| tyrann-[232] | terrible, tyrant | Greek | τύραννος (túrannos) | tyrannize, tyrannosaurus, tyranny, tyrant |
Lists of Greek and Latin roots in English beginning with other letters:
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uber- | fruitful, udder | Latin | ūber, uberare | exuberance, exuberant, exuberate, uberous, uberty |
| uligin- | in marshes | Latin | uligo, uliginis | uliginous |
| ul-[233] | gums | Greek | οὖλον (oûlon) | ulorrhea |
| ul-[234] | woolly | Greek | οὖλος (oûlos) | Ulotrichi |
| ultim- | farthest | Latin | ultimus | ultimate, ultimatum |
| ultra- | beyond | Latin | ultra | ultrasonic |
| umbilic- | navel | Latin | umbilicus | umbilical, umbilicate, umbilication |
| umbr- | shade, shadow | Latin | umbra | adumbral, adumbrant, adumbrate, adumbration, adumbrative, antumbra, inumbrate, obumbrant, obumbrate, obumbration, penumbra, penumbral, somber, sombrero, subumbellate, umbel, umbellate, umbelliferous, umbelliform, umbellulate, umbellule, umber, umbra, umbraculum, umbrage, umbrageous, umbral, umbrella, umbriferous, umbrose |
| un- | one | Latin | ūnus, unius | adunation, biunique, coadunate, coadunation, disunite, disunity, malunion, nonuniform, nonuniformity, nonunion, nonunique, nonunity, onion, reunification, reunion, reunite, triune, unanimous, unary, unate, unicorn, unific, unification, uniform, uniformity, unify, union, unique, unite, unity, universal, universe, university |
| unc- | hook | Latin | uncus | adunc, aduncity, aduncous, unciform, Uncinaria, uncinate, Uncinia |
| unci- | ounce, twelfth | Latin | uncia | inch, ounce, quincuncial, semiuncial, uncial |
| und- | wave | Latin | unda | abound, abundance, abundant, inundant, inundate, inundation, redound, redundancy, redundant, superabound, superabundance, superabundant, surround, undine, undulant, undulate, undulation, undulatory, undulatus, undulose |
| undecim- | eleventh | Latin | undecimus | undecimal |
| unden- | eleven each | Latin | ūndēni | undenary |
| ungu- | claw, hoof, nail | Latin | unguis, ungula | ungual, unguiferous, unguiform, ungular, ungulate, unguligrade |
| ur-[235] | tail | Greek | οὐρά, οὐρᾶς (ourá, ourâs) | anthurium, Anura, brachyurous, colure, cynosure, Diplura, Protura, uroborus, urochord, uroid, uropod |
| ur-[236] | urine | Greek | οὐρεῖν (oureîn), οὖρον, οὔρου (oûron, oúrou), οὔρησις (oúrēsis), οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr), οὐρήθρα (ourḗthra) | antidiuretic, cystinuria, diuresis, diuretic, dysuria, enuresis, homocystinuria, lithuresis, polyurea, polyuria, strangury, uraemia/uremia, urea, uremic, uresiesthesia, uresis, ureter, ureteroscopy, urethra, urology |
| uran-[237] | heaven, sky | Greek | οὐρανός, οὐρανοῦ (ouranós, ouranoû), οὐρανόθεν (ouranóthen) | uraninite, uranium, uranography, uranology, uranometry, uranophobia, Uranus |
| urb- | city | Latin | urbs, urbis | conurbation, exurb, exurban, interurban, inurbane, inurbanity, nonurban, suburb, suburban, suburbanite, urban, urbane, urbanity |
| urg- | work | Greek | ||
| urg- | work | Latin | urgere | urgency, urgent |
| urs- | bear | Latin | ursus | Ursa Major, ursine, Ursus |
| ut-, us- | use | Latin | uti, usus | abuse, disuse, use, usual, utilitarian, utility |
| uv- | grape | Latin | uva | uvea, uvula |
| uxor- | wife | Latin | uxor | uxoricide |
Lists of Greek and Latin roots in English beginning with other letters:
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vac- | empty | Latin | vacare | evacuate, vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation, vacuous, vacuum |
| vacc- | cow | Latin | vacca | vaccary, vaccination, vaccine |
| vacil- | waver | Latin | vacillare "sway, be untrustworthy" | vacillate, vacillation |
| vad-, vas- | go | Latin | vadere | evade, pervasive |
| vag- | wander | Latin | vagus, vagare | vagabond, vague |
| val- | strength, worth | Latin | valere | ambivalence, avail, equivalent, evaluate, prevail, valence, valiant, valid, valor, value |
| van- | empty, vain, idle | Latin | vanus "empty", also vanescere "vanish" | evanescent, vain, vanish, vanity |
| vap- | steam | Latin | vapor | evaporate, evaporation, evaporative, evaporator, evaporite, nonevaporative, vapid, vapidity, vapor, vaporescence, vaporescent, vaporific, vaporous |
| vas- | vessel | Latin | vas | vascular, vase, vasectomy, vessel |
| vari- | vary | Latin | variare | bivariate, covariate, covariation, intervarietal, invariable, invariance, invariant, variable, variance, variant, variate, variation, variegate, varietal, variety, variola, variolation, variorum, various, vary |
| varic- | straddle | Latin | varicare "to straddle", from varus "bowlegged" | prevaricate |
| veh-, vect- | carry | Latin | vehere "to carry", vectus | invective, inveigh, vector, vehement, vehicle |
| vel- | veil | Latin | velum | revelation, velate |
| vell-, vuls- | pull | Latin | vellere, vulsus | convulsion |
| veloc- | quick | Latin | velox, velocis | velocity |
| ven- | vein | Latin | vena | intravenous, venosity, venule |
| ven- | poison | Latin | vena | antivenomous, veneniferous, venom |
| ven- | hunt | Latin | venari | venison |
| ven-, vent- | come | Latin | venire | advent, adventure, avenue, circumvent, contravene, convene, convenient, convention, event, intervene, intervention, invent, prevent, revenue, souvenir, supervene, venue, venture |
| vend- | sell | Latin | vendere | vend, vendor |
| vener- | respectful | Latin | venus, veneris | venerable, veneration, venereal |
| vent- | wind | Latin | ventus | ventilation, ventilator |
| ventr- | belly | Latin | venter, ventris | ventral |
| ver- | true | Latin | verus | aver, veracious, verdict, verify, verisimilar, verisimilitude, verity, very |
| verb- | word | Latin | verbum | verbal, verbatim, verbosity |
| verber- | whip | Latin | verber | reverberation |
| verm- | worm | Latin | vermis | vermicompost, vermiculite, vermiform, vermin |
| vern- | spring | Latin | ver, vernus | vernal |
| vers-, vert- | turn | Latin | versus, past participle of vertere | adverse, adversity, advertise, anniversary, avert, controversy, controvert, conversant, conversation, converse, convert, diversify, divert, extrovert, introvert, inverse, invert, perverse, pervert, reverse, revert, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, versatile, verse, version, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertical, vertigo |
| vesic- | bladder | Latin | vesica | vesical |
| vesper- | evening, western | Latin | vespera | vesperal |
| vest- | clothing, garment | Latin | vestire "to clothe", related to vestis "garment" | divest, invest, investiture, transvestite, travesty, vest, vestibule, vestment |
| vestig- | track | Latin | vestigium | investigate, vestigial |
| vet- | forbid | Latin | vetare | veto |
| veter- | old | Latin | vetus, veteris | inveterate, veteran |
| vi- | way | Latin | via | deviate, obviate, obvious, via |
| vic- | change | Latin | vicis | vicar, vicarious, vice versa, vicissitude |
| vicen-, vigen- | twenty each | Latin | viceni | vicenary |
| vicesim-, vigesim- | twentieth | Latin | vicesimus | vicesimary, vicesimation, vigesimal |
| vid-, vis- | see | Latin | videre, visus | advice, advisable, advise, advisement, advisor, advisory, clairvoyance, clairvoyant, counterview, enviable, envious, envisage, envisagement, envision, envy, evidence, evident, evidential, evidentiality, evidentiary, improvidence, improvident, improvisation, improvisational, improvise, imprudence, imprudent, inadvisable, inevident, interview, interviewee, invidious, invisibility, invisible, nonevidentiary, nonsupervisory, nonvisual, preview, previse, provide, providence, provident, provision, provisional, provisionality, proviso, provisory, prudence, prudent, prudential, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, purview, review, reviewal, revisal, revise, revision, revisionary, revisit, supervise, supervision, supervisor, supervisory, survey, surveyor, surview, survise, videlicet, video, view, vis-à-vis, visa, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visionary, visit, visitation, visor, vista, visual, visuality, voilà, voyeur |
| vigil- | watchful | Latin | vigil, also vigilare | invigilate, reveille, surveillance, vigil, vigilance, vigilant, vigilante |
| vil- | cheap | Latin | vilis | revile, vile, vilify |
| vill- | country house | Latin | villa | villa, village, villain |
| vill- | shaggy hair | Latin | villus | intervillous, velour, velvet, villiform, villose, villosity, villous, villus |
| vin- | wine | Latin | vinum | vigneron, vignette, vinaceous, vinaigrette, vine, vineal, vinegar, viniculture, vinosity, vinous |
| vinc-, vict- | conquer | Latin | vincere (past participle victus) | convict, conviction, convince, evict, evince, invincible, province, vanquish, vanquishment, victor, victorious, victory |
| vind- | to punish, avenge | Latin | vindico | avenge, revanchism, revenge, vendetta, venge, vengeance, vengeful, vindicate, vindictive |
| viol- | violence | Latin | violens | violation, violence |
| vir- | man | Latin | vir | decemvir, decemvirate, duumvirate, quadrumvirate, septemvir, septemvirate, triumvir, triumvirate, vigintivirate, virago, virile, virilescence, virility, virilocal, virilocality, virtual, virtuality, virtue, virtuosity, virtuoso, virtuous |
| vir- | green | Latin | virere | verdure, virid, viridescent, viridian, viridity |
| vir- | poison, venom | Latin | vīrus | retroviral, retrovirus, rotavirus, togavirus, viral, virality, viricidal, viricide, virucidal, virucide, virulence, virulent, virus |
| virg- | rod, twig | Latin | virga | virga, virgate, virgula, virgularian, virgulate, virgule |
| virgin- | maiden | Latin | virgō, virginis | virgin, virginal, virginity, Virgoan |
| visc- | thick | Latin | viscum | viscosity |
| viscer- | internal organ | Latin | viscus, visceris | eviscerate, visceral |
| vit- | life | Latin | vita | vital, vitality, vitamin |
| vitell- | yolk | Latin | vitellus | vitellogenesis |
| viti- | fault | Latin | vitium | vice, vitiate, vicious, vituperate |
| vitr- | glass | Latin | vitrum | vitreous, vitrification, vitriol |
| viv- | live | Latin | vivere "to live", related to vita "life" | convivial, revive, survive, viable, victual, vivacious, vivacity, vivid, vivisection |
| voc- | call, voice | Latin | vocare (to call), from vox "voice" (genitive vocis) | advocacy, advocate, advocation, advocator, advocatory, advoke, advowson, avocation, avouch, avow, avowal, avowry, convocate, convocation, convocator, convoke, disavow, disavowal, equivocal, equivocate, equivocation, evocable, evocation, evocative, evocator, evoke, invocable, invocate, invocation, invocative, invocator, invoke, prevocational, provocate, provocateur, provocation, provocative, provocator, provoke, reavow, reinvoke, revocable, revocation, revoke, vocabulary, vocal, vocation, vocational, vocative, vociferous, voice, vouch, vouchee, voucher, vouchsafe |
| vol- | fly | Latin | volare | avolation, circumvolant, circumvolation, nonvolatile, volatile, volatility, volitant, volitation |
| vol- | will | Latin | voluntas "will" from velle "to wish" | benevolence, benevolent, involuntary, malevolence, malevolent, omnibenevolence, velleity, volitient, volition, volitional, volitive, voluntary, Voluntaryism, volunteer, voluptuary, voluptuous |
| volv-, volut- | roll | Latin | volvere, volutus | advolution, archivolt, circumvolute, circumvolution, circumvolve, coevolution, coevolutionary, coevolve, convolute, convolution, devolve, evolve, involve, revolve, valve, vault, volte, voluble, volume, voluminous, volva, Volvox, volvulus, voussoir, vulva |
| vom- | discharge | Latin | vomere | vomit, vomition, vomitory, vomitus |
| vor-, vorac- | swallow | Latin | vorare, vorax | carnivore, carnivorous, devoration, devoré, devour, herbivore, herbivorous, locavore, omnivore, omnivorous, voracious, voracity, voraginous |
| vov-, vot- | vow | Latin | vovere, votus | devote, devotee, devotion, devotional, devout, devolve, devow, votary, vote, votive, vow |
| vulg- | crowd | Latin | vulgus | divulge, vulgarity, vulgate |
| vulner- | wound | Latin | vulnus, vulneris | vulnerable |
| vulp- | fox | Latin | vulpēs, vulpis | vulpine |
Lists of Greek and Latin roots in English beginning with other letters:
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| xanth-[238] | yellow | Greek | ξανθός (xanthós), ξανθότης (xanthótēs) "yellowness" | axanthism, heteroxanthine, xanthan, xanthelasma, xanthic, xanthine, Xanthippe, xanthium, xanthochromia, xanthochromism, xanthogenic, Xanthoidea, xanthoma, xanthomatosis, xanthophobia, xanthophore, xanthophyll, xanthopsia, xanthopterin, xanthosis, xanthous |
| xe-[239] | scrape, shave | Greek | ξεῖν/ξέειν (xéein), ξέσις (xésis), ξέσμα (xésma) | arthroxesis |
| xei-, xi-[240] | ks | Greek | Ξ, ξ, ξεῖ/ξῖ | xi |
| xen-[241] | foreign | Greek | ξένϝος, ξένος (xénos), ξενικός, ξενία (xenía) | axenic, Xenarthra, xenia, xenic, xenobiotic, xenoblast, xenogamy, xenograft, xenolith, xenology, xenon, xenophobia |
| xer-[242] | dry | Greek | ξηρός (xērós), ξηρότης (xērótēs) | elixir, xerasia, xerochilia, xeroderma, xerography, xeromorph, xerophagy, xerophile, xerophthalmia, xerophyte, xerosis |
| xiph-[243] | sword | Greek | ξίφος (xíphos) | xiphisternum, xiphoid, xiphopagus, xiphophyllous |
| xyl-[244] | wood | Greek | ξύλον (xúlon) | metaxylem, protoxylem, xylem, xylene, xylitol, xylocarp, Xylocarpus, xyloid, xylophagous, xylophobia, xylophone, xylostroma |
Lists of Greek and Latin roots in English beginning with other letters:
| Root | Meaning in English | Origin language | Etymology (root origin) | English examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ze-[245] | boil | Greek | ζεῖν (zeîn), ζεστός (zestós), ζέσις, ζέμα, ζέματος (zéma, zématos) | eczema, eczematous |
| zel-[246] | jealousy, zeal | Greek | ζῆλος (zêlos), ζηλωτής, ζηλωτοῦ (zēlōtḗs) | zeal, zealot, zealous |
| zephyr-[247] | west wind | Greek | Ζέφυρος (Zéphuros) | zephyr |
| zet-[248] | Z, z | Greek | Ζ, ζ, ζῆτα (zêta) | zed, zeta |
| zete-[249] | seek | Greek | ζητεῖν (zēteîn), ζητητός (zētētós), ζητητικός (zētētikós) | zetetic |
| zizyph-[250] | jujube | Greek | ζίζυφον (zízuphon) | Ziziphus |
| zo-[251] | animal, living being | Greek | ζῶ, ζῷον (zôion) | anthrozoology, azoic, azotemia, cryptozoology, ectozoon, entozoon, epizoon, Eumetazoa, Mesozoic, Metazoa, protozoa, zoanthropy, zodiac, zoic, zoo, zoochore, zoogamete, zoogeography, zooid/zoöid, zoologic, zoology, zoomorphism, zoon, zoonosis, zoophagy, zoopoetics, zoospore, zootoxin, zooxanthella |
| zon-[252] | belt, girdle | Greek | ζωννύναι (zōnnúnai), ζώνη (zṓnē), ζωστήρ (zōstḗr), ζῶστρον | phylozone, zonal, zone, zonohedron, zonotope, zoster |
| zyg-[253] (ΖΥΓ)[254] | yoke | Greek | ζευγνύναι (zeugnúnai), ζεῦγμα (zeûgma), ζυγωτός (zugōtós), ζυγός, ζυγόν (zugón) | azygous, diazeugma, dizygotic, heterozygote, heterozygous, hyperzeuxis, hypozeugma, hypozeuxis, mesozeugma, monozygotic, prozeugma, synezeugmenon, zeugitae, zeugma, zygoma, zygomorphic, zygomorphism, zygomycosis, zygomycota, zygon, Zygoptera, zygote |
| zym-[255] | ferment | Greek | ζέω, ζύμη (zúmē) | alloenzyme, azyme, azymite, enzyme, lysozyme, microzyme, zymase, zyme, zymogen, zymology, zymolysis, zymosis, zymotic, zymurgy |
- Contracted from *πρόατος
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.
