quinque

See also: quinqué and quinque-

Latin

Latin numbers ^(edit)

	50
←  4	V 5	6  →
Cardinal: quīnque     Ordinal: quīntus     Adverbial: quīnquiēs, quīnquiēns     Proportional: quīnquiplus, quīntuplus, quīncuplus     Multiplier: quīnquiplex, quīntuplex, quīncuplex, quinqueplex     Distributive: quīnus     Collective: quīniō     Fractional: quīntāns

Alternative forms

• cīnque
• Symbol: V

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kʷenkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (the Italic *kʷ-kʷ, which developed by a consonant shift from *p-kʷ, is also found in words like coquō; compare proto-Celtic *kʷinkʷe). Cognates include Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan), Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte), Old Armenian հինգ (hing), Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 (fimf) and Old English fīf (English five). Doublet of Pompeii.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkʷiːn.kʷe/, [ˈkʷiːŋkʷɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkwin.kwe/, [ˈkwiŋkwe]

• Audio (Classical Latin, educated guess):

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Numeral

quīnque (indeclinable)

1. five; 5
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 6.439–440:

     Iam tempora Titan quinque per autumnos repetiti duxerat anni

     Now Titan had led time through five autumn seasons

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Lucas.9.16:

     acceptis autem quinque panibus et duobus piscibus respexit in caelum et benedixit illis et fregit et distribuit discipulis suis ut ponerent ante turbas

     Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and brake, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude.

Derived terms

• quīncunx
• quīndecim
• quīngentī
• quīnquangulus
• Quīnquātria
• Quīnquātrūs
• Quīnque Basilicae
• Quīnqueecclēsiae
• quīnquefasciātus
• quīnquefolius
• quīnquennis
• quīnquerēmis
• quīnquevir
• quīnquiēns
• quīnquiēs
• quīnquifidus
• quīnquiplex
• quīnquiplicō
• quīnquiplus
• Quīnquius

Related terms

• quinquaginta

Descendants

Reflexes of the dissimilated variant cīnque:

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: tsintsi
  • Istro-Romanian: ćinć
  • Megleno-Romanian: tsints, ținți
  • Romanian: cinci
• Dalmatian:
  • cionco
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: cinque, cinqui
  • Italian: cinque
    • → Sabir: cinque
  • Neapolitan: cinco
  • Sicilian: cincu
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: chimbe (Logudorese), cincu (Campidanese)
• North Italian:
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Ligurian: çìnque
    • Old Lombard: zinqui
      • Lombard: cinch
    • Piedmontese: sinch
    • Romagnol: zéncv
    • Emilian: zénc
  • Friulian: cinc
  • Istriot: sinque
  • Ladin: cinch
  • Romansch: tschintg, tschun (Sursilvan), tschentg (Sutsilvan), tschinch (Puter, Vallader)
  • Venetan: sinque, zsinque
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: cinq
  • Old French: cinc, cinq, chink, cinque
    • Gallo: sinq, sin
    • Middle French: cinq (see there for further descendants)
    • Norman: chînq, chinq (Guernsey), chin (continental), chin
    • Walloon: cénk
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: cinc
  • Occitan: cinc
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Navarro-Aragonese: cinco
    • Aragonese: zinco, cinco
  • Old Leonese: cincu
    • Asturian: cinco, cincu
    • Extremaduran: cincu
    • Leonese: cincu
    • Mirandese: cinco
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: cinco, cinque
    • Galician: cinco
    • Portuguese: cinco (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Spanish: cinco
    • Ladino: sinko
    • Spanish: cinco (see there for further descendants)

See also

• Appendix:Latin cardinal numbers

References

• “quinque”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “quinque”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "quinque", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• quinque in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
    
  • he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN