ψευδής

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• (rare, irregular) ψαυδής (psaudḗs)

Etymology

From the root of ψεύδω (pseúdō, “to lie”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pseu̯.dɛ̌ːs/ → /pseβˈðis/ → /psevˈðis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pseu̯.dɛ̌ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /psewˈde̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pseβˈðis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /psevˈðis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /psevˈðis/

Adjective

ψευδής • (pseudḗs) m or f (neuter ψευδές); third declension

1. lying, false, untrue

   Synonym: ψυδρός (psudrós)

2. deceived, beguiled

Usage notes

In many Classical Greek cities, being good at lying and deception was considered a virtue and a heroic quality; in the Odyssey for example.

Declension

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ψευδής pseudḗs	ψευδές pseudés		ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖ pseudeî		ψευδεῖς pseudeîs	ψευδῆ pseudê
Genitive		ψευδοῦς pseudoûs	ψευδοῦς pseudoûs		ψευδοῖν pseudoîn	ψευδοῖν pseudoîn		ψευδῶν pseudôn	ψευδῶν pseudôn
Dative		ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖ pseudeî		ψευδοῖν pseudoîn	ψευδοῖν pseudoîn		ψευδέσῐ / ψευδέσῐν pseudési(n)	ψευδέσῐ / ψευδέσῐν pseudési(n)
Accusative		ψευδῆ pseudê	ψευδές pseudés		ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖ pseudeî		ψευδεῖς pseudeîs	ψευδῆ pseudê
Vocative		ψευδές pseudés	ψευδές pseudés		ψευδεῖ pseudeî	ψευδεῖ pseudeî		ψευδεῖς pseudeîs	ψευδῆ pseudê
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ψευδῶς pseudôs			ψευδέστερος pseudésteros			ψευδέστᾰτος pseudéstatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ψευδής; ψευδές (contracted, Attic)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “lying”): ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”)

Derived terms

• φιλοψευδής (philopseudḗs)
• ψευδ- (pseud-)
• ψευδάδελφος (pseudádelphos)
• ψευδαπόστολος (pseudapóstolos)
• ψευδο- (pseudo-)
• ψευδό- (pseudó-)
• ψευδογράφος (pseudográphos)
• ψευδόχρῡσος (pseudókhrūsos)
• ψευδώνῠμος (pseudṓnumos)

 

Descendants

• Greek: ψευδής (psevdís)

References

• “ψευδής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ψευδής”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ψευδής”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ψευδής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ψευδής in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ψευδής”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5281 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • baseless idem, page 64.
  • delusive idem, page 209.
  • erroneous idem, page 281.
  • fallacious idem, page 304.
  • false idem, page 304.
  • fictitious idem, page 317.
  • garbled idem, page 354.
  • heterodox idem, page 398.
  • hypocritical idem, page 412.
  • imaginary idem, page 416.
  • inaccurate idem, page 427.
  • incorrect idem, page 430.
  • lie idem, page 489.
  • lying idem, page 506.
  • mendacious idem, page 524.
  • misleading idem, page 534.
  • mistaken idem, page 535.
  • mythical idem, page 549.
  • unfounded idem, page 919.
  • ungrounded idem, page 920.
  • unreal idem, page 929.
  • untrue idem, page 935.
  • untruthful idem, page 935.
  • wrong idem, page 994.

Greek

Etymology

Learnedly, from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pseˈvðis/
• Hyphenation: ψευ‧δής
• Homophone: ψευδείς (psevdeís)

Adjective

ψευδής • (psevdís) m (feminine ψευδής, neuter ψευδές)

1. false; sham; insincere; wearing masks

   Antonyms: αληθής (alithís, “true”), αψευδής (apsevdís, “not lying”)

Declension

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ψευδής (psevdís)	ψευδής (psevdís)	ψευδές (psevdés)		ψευδείς (psevdeís)	ψευδείς (psevdeís)	ψευδή (psevdí)
genitive	ψευδούς (psevdoús) ψευδή (psevdí)	ψευδούς (psevdoús)	ψευδούς (psevdoús)		ψευδών (psevdón)	ψευδών (psevdón)	ψευδών (psevdón)
accusative	ψευδή (psevdí)	ψευδή (psevdí)	ψευδές (psevdés)		ψευδείς (psevdeís)	ψευδείς (psevdeís)	ψευδή (psevdí)
vocative	ψευδή (psevdí) ψευδής (psevdís)	ψευδής (psevdís)	ψευδές (psevdés)		ψευδείς (psevdeís)	ψευδείς (psevdeís)	ψευδή (psevdí)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο ψευδής, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο ψευδής, etc.)

comparative	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ψευδέστερος (psevdésteros)	ψευδέστερη (psevdésteri)	ψευδέστερο (psevdéstero)	ψευδέστεροι (psevdésteroi)	ψευδέστερες (psevdésteres)	ψευδέστερα (psevdéstera)
genitive	ψευδέστερου (psevdésterou)	ψευδέστερης (psevdésteris)	ψευδέστερου (psevdésterou)	ψευδέστερων (psevdésteron)	ψευδέστερων (psevdésteron)	ψευδέστερων (psevdésteron)
accusative	ψευδέστερο (psevdéstero)	ψευδέστερη (psevdésteri)	ψευδέστερο (psevdéstero)	ψευδέστερους (psevdésterous)	ψευδέστερες (psevdésteres)	ψευδέστερα (psevdéstera)
vocative	ψευδέστερε (psevdéstere)	ψευδέστερη (psevdésteri)	ψευδέστερο (psevdéstero)	ψευδέστεροι (psevdésteroi)	ψευδέστερες (psevdésteres)	ψευδέστερα (psevdéstera)
derivations	relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο ψευδέστερος", etc)
Absolute superlative	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ψευδέστατος (psevdéstatos)	ψευδέστατη (psevdéstati)	ψευδέστατο (psevdéstato)	ψευδέστατοι (psevdéstatoi)	ψευδέστατες (psevdéstates)	ψευδέστατα (psevdéstata)
genitive	ψευδέστατου (psevdéstatou)	ψευδέστατης (psevdéstatis)	ψευδέστατου (psevdéstatou)	ψευδέστατων (psevdéstaton)	ψευδέστατων (psevdéstaton)	ψευδέστατων (psevdéstaton)
accusative	ψευδέστατο (psevdéstato)	ψευδέστατη (psevdéstati)	ψευδέστατο (psevdéstato)	ψευδέστατους (psevdéstatous)	ψευδέστατες (psevdéstates)	ψευδέστατα (psevdéstata)
vocative	ψευδέστατε (psevdéstate)	ψευδέστατη (psevdéstati)	ψευδέστατο (psevdéstato)	ψευδέστατοι (psevdéstatoi)	ψευδέστατες (psevdéstates)	ψευδέστατα (psevdéstata)

Degrees of comparison by suffixation

Related terms

• αψευδής (apsevdís, “not lying, truthful”)
• ψευδώς (psevdós, adverb)
• and see: ψεύδομαι (psévdomai, “I lie”) for stem ψευδ- & ψέμα (pséma)