socius

English

Etymology

From Latin socius.

Noun

socius (plural socii)

1. (historical) Any of the autonomous tribes and city states of the Italian Peninsula in permanent military alliance with the Roman Republic until the Social War of 91–88 BC.
2. An associate; a fellow of an academy, etc.
3. (sociology) According to Gilles Deleuze, a social body that takes credit for production.

Anagrams

• scious

Latin

Alternative forms

• sokios (Old Latin)
• sotius (Medieval)

Etymology

From Old Latin sokios, from Proto-Italic *sokjos, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-h₂-y-ós (“follower, companion”) (identical to Proto-Germanic *sagjaz), perhaps thematicized from collective *sokʷ-h₂-ṓy (compare Sanskrit सखि (sákhi, “companion”)), ultimately from the root *sekʷ- (“to follow”).^[1][2] Compare Faliscan socia (“girlfriend, companion”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈso.ki.us/, [ˈs̠ɔkiʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈso.t͡ʃi.us/, [ˈsɔːt͡ʃius]

Adjective

socius (feminine socia, neuter socium); first/second-declension adjective

1. sharing, joining in, partaking, associated
2. kindred, related, akin, ally
3. leagued, allied, united, confederate

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	socius	socia	socium		sociī	sociae	socia
Genitive	sociī	sociae	sociī		sociōrum	sociārum	sociōrum
Dative	sociō		sociō		sociīs
Accusative	socium	sociam	socium		sociōs	sociās	socia
Ablative	sociō	sociā	sociō		sociīs
Vocative	socie	socia	socium		sociī	sociae	socia

• Gen.pl. sometimes socium

Derived terms

• sociālis
• sociennus
• societās
• sociō
• sociofraudus

Related terms

• secus
• sequor
• sociābilis
• sociālitās
• sociāliter
• sociātiō
• sociātrīx

Noun

socius m (genitive sociī or socī); second declension

1. partner, sharer, associate
2. companion, comrade
3. ally; confederate

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	socius	sociī
Genitive	sociī socī1	sociōrum
Dative	sociō	sociīs
Accusative	socium	sociōs
Ablative	sociō	sociīs
Vocative	socie	sociī

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Descendants

• Eastern Romance:
  • Aromanian: sots
  • Romanian: soț
• Italian: soccio
• → Albanian: shok
• → Catalan: soci
• → English: socio-
• → German: Sozius
• → Italian: socio
• → Portuguese: sócio
• → Sicilian: sociu
• → Spanish: socio
• → Welsh: saig
• ⇒ Latin: socia f
  • Eastern Romance:
    • Aromanian: soatsã
    • Romanian: soață
  • Italian: soccia
  • → Catalan: sòcia
  • → Spanish: socia
  • → Albanian: shoqe

References

• “socius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “socius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• socius in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• socius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to attach oneself to a person's society: socium se adiungere alicui
    
  • to admit a person into one's society: aliquem socium admittere
    
  • a political ally: consiliorum in re publica socius
    
  • to make some one one's ally: socium aliquem asciscere (B. G. 1. 5)
    
• “socius”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Notes:

1. Miller, D. Gary (2006) Latin Suffixal Derivatives in English: and their Indo-European Ancestry, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 27 & 134
2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “socius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 569–570