παῖς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• πᾰ́ῑ̈ς (páī̈s) — Epic
• παῦς (paûs)

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pā́wits. Cognates include Latin puer, Sanskrit पुत्र (putrá, “son”), and Avestan 𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (puθra, “son”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pâi̯s/ → /pɛs/ → /pes/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pâi̯s/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pɛs/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pɛs/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pes/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /pes/

Noun

παῖς • (paîs) m or f (genitive παιδός); third declension

1. child
2. slave
3. servant

Usage notes

• The Doric genitive plural is παιδῶν (paidôn) and the Epic dative plural is παίδεσσι (paídessi).
• Alcman has accusative singular παίδα (paída).

Declension

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ παῖς ho, hē paîs	τὼ παῖδε tṑ paîde	οἱ, αἱ παῖδες hoi, hai paîdes
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς παιδός toû, tês paidós	τοῖν παίδοιν toîn paídoin	τῶν παίδων tôn paídōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ παιδῐ́ tôi, têi paidí	τοῖν παίδοιν toîn paídoin	τοῖς, ταῖς παισῐ́ / παισῐ́ν toîs, taîs paisí(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν παῖδᾰ tòn, tḕn paîda	τὼ παῖδε tṑ paîde	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς παῖδᾰς toùs, tā̀s paîdas
Vocative	παῖ paî	παῖδε paîde	παῖδες paîdes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ παῖς; τοῦ, τῆς παιδός (Attic)

Derived terms

• ἀντίπαις (antípais)
• παιδαγωγός (paidagōgós)
• παιδεραστής (paiderastḗs)
• παιδεύω (paideúō)
• παιδῐκός (paidikós)
• παιδογονία (paidogonía)
• παιδοδῐδᾰ́σκᾰλος (paidodidáskalos)
• παιδοκτόνος (paidoktónos)
• παιδοποιός (paidopoiós)
• παιδοτρίβης (paidotríbēs)
• παιδοτροφός (paidotrophós)
• παιδότρωτος (paidótrōtos)
• παιδότρωτος (paidótrōtos)
• παιδόφιλος (paidóphilos)
• παιδοφόνος (paidophónos)
• παιδοφῠ́λᾰξ (paidophúlax)

 

Descendants

• Greek: παιδί (paidí), -παις (-pais)

References

• “παῖς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “παῖς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “παῖς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• παῖς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “παῖς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3816 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • babe idem, page 57.
  • boy idem, page 92.
  • child idem, page 129.
  • damsel idem, page 194.
  • daughter idem, page 196.
  • family idem, page 305.
  • girl idem, page 359.
  • lad idem, page 473.
  • maid idem, page 507.
  • minor idem, page 531.
  • offspring idem, page 571.
  • progeny idem, page 653.
  • scullion idem, page 743.
  • slave idem, page 782.
  • son idem, page 793.
  • varlet idem, page 944.
  • virgin idem, page 954.