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is

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "is"
Languages (42)
Translingual • English
Afar • Afrikaans • Bagusa • Bavarian • Catalan • Cimbrian • Danish • Dutch • German • Gothic • Hungarian • Iberian • Irish • Karakalpak • Kwerba • Lacandon • Latin • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Navajo • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nyishi • Old English • Old High German • Old Irish • Old Saxon • Old Welsh • Onondaga • Portuguese • Sardinian • Scots • Scottish Gaelic • Swedish • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Volapük • Welsh • West Frisian • Yola
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Translingual

Symbol

is

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Icelandic.

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

From Middle English is, from Old English is, from Proto-West Germanic *ist, from Proto-Germanic *isti (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”).

Cognate with West Frisian is (“is”), Dutch is (“is”), German ist (“is”), Yiddish איז (iz, “is”), Afrikaans is (“am, are, is”) Old Swedish är, er, Old Norse er, es.

Further cognates include, among others, Latin est, Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Sanskrit अस्ति (asti), Persian است (ast), Russian есть (jestʹ), all with the same meaning.

Pronunciation

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular simple present indicative of be
    He is a doctor.
    • 1999 January 8, Ken Starr, quoting Bill Clinton, Referral from Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr in Conformity with the Requirements of Title 28, United States Code, Section 595(c) (Starr Report)‎, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, retrieved 14 February 2020, page 176:
      "It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is."
    • 2012, Robert Moore, Where the Gold is Buried, a legend of Old Fort Niagara, →ISBN, page 137:
      "It's not two weeks yet," I reminded her, hoping that might somehow cheer her. […] "Tomorrow is two weeks," Ruth said in a distant voice, staring into the flames.
  2. (now colloquial) Used in phrases with existential there (also here and where) when the semantic subject is plural.
    There is three of them there.
  3. (dialectal) present indicative of be; am, are, is.
    • 2001, “Witness (1 Hope)”, in Run Come save me, performed by Roots Manuva:
      Let the whole world know we's on some off-key tip
    • 2012, Trae Macklin, Flippin' The Hustle:
      "Them niggas shot my girl, yo! And I ain't gonna sleep until all of them niggas is dead!" RJ hissed.
    • 2013, Tu-Shonda Whitaker, The Ex Factor, page 270:
      "Y'all is some disorganized niggahs," Mama Byrd said.
    • 2016, “Don't Hurt Yourself”, in Lemonade, performed by Beyoncé:
      Who the fuck do you think I is? / You ain't married to no average bitch, boy
    • 2022, “Plan B”, performed by Megan Thee Stallion:
      Nigga, yeah, you's a bitch
    • 2023, “Barbie World”, in Barbie: The Album, performed by Nicki Minaj and Ice Spice:
      Like Jazzie, Stacie, Nicki / All of the Barbies is pretty / All of the Barbies is bad
Quotations
Alternative forms
Synonyms
Derived terms
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

See also

Etymology 2

Alternative pronunciation of us.

Pronoun

is

  1. (Geordie) Alternative spelling of us (“me”).

Etymology 3

From i +‎ -s.

Noun

is

  1. (rare) Alternative form of i's.

Anagrams

Afar

Etymology 1

Related to Sidamo ise.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ís

  1. she
See also
More information 1st person, 2nd person ...
Afar personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m f
subject singular anú atú úsuk ís
plural nanú isín úsun
object singular yó kó ká tét
plural né sín kén
Close

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ís

  1. thyself, yourself
  2. himself, herself
  3. (Awash) myself
See also
More information 1st person, 2nd person ...
Afar reflexive pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person
simple singular ínni ís
plural nínni isínni, sínni
emphatic singular ínnih ísih
plural nínnih isínnih, sínnih
Close

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “is”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

Verb

is

  1. am, are, is (present tense, all persons, plural and singular of wees, to be)
  2. Forms the perfect passive voice when followed by a past participle

Bagusa

Noun

is

  1. woman

References

Bavarian

Alternative forms

  • isch (South Bavarian, Tyrolean, South Tyrolean)

Etymology

From Middle High German ist, from Old High German ist, from Proto-West Germanic *ist, from Proto-Germanic *isti.

Pronunciation

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular present indicative of sei

Catalan

Noun

is

  1. plural of i

Cimbrian

Pronoun

is

  1. (Sette Comuni) Alternative form of es (“it”)

References

  • “is” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Pronunciation

Noun

is c (singular definite isen, plural indefinite is)

  1. (uncountable) ice (water in frozen form)
  2. (uncountable) ice, ice cream (dessert, not necessarily containing cream)
  3. (countable) ice, ice cream (ice dessert on a stick or in a wafer cone)

Inflection

More information common gender, singular ...
Declension of is
common
gender		 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative is isen is isene
genitive is' isens is' isenes
Close

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular present indicative of zijn; is, equals
    Twaalf min drie is negen — twelve minus three equals nine

Adverb

is

  1. (informal, dialect) Clipping of eens.

Anagrams

German

Verb

is

  1. Alternative form of is'

Gothic

Romanization

is

  1. Romanization of 𐌹𐍃

Hungarian

Etymology

Doublet of és (“and”).

Pronunciation

Adverb

is (not comparable) (clitic)

  1. also, too, as well
    Synonyms: szintén, ugyancsak, úgyszintén, éppúgy, (formal; the others are relatively literary in style) szintúgy
    Én is szeretem a csokit. ― I, too, like chocolate (aside from other people).
    (Én) a csokit is szeretem. ― I also like chocolate (aside from other things).
  2. even, up to, as much as, as long as
    Három óráig is tarthat a műtét ― The operation may even take three hours.
  3. (after an interrogative word) again (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten)
    Hogy is hívják? ― What's that called, again?
  4. sure enough, indeed
    Synonyms: tényleg, valóban, csakugyan
    Aznapra esőt mondtak, és el is kezdett esni. ― Rain had been predicted for that day and, sure enough, it was beginning to rain. (literally, “They had said rain for…”)

Usage notes

When it is used with a concessive adverb (“no matter what/​who​/​when/how”, “however [good, bad]”, “long as it was”, “even if…” etc.), it is traditionally placed after the verb, though it is common in colloquial style to use it after the adverb instead:

(traditionally, chiefly in literary style) Bármilyen hosszúra nyúlt is az előadás,…
(more recently) Bármilyen hosszúra is nyúlt az előadás,…
No matter how long the lecture​/​performance stretched,…

It applies to verb-final set phrases as well, similarly to érzi magát in this clause: még ha ettől rosszul érezzük is magunkat / …rosszul is érezzük magunkat (“even if it makes us feel bad”).

Derived terms

Compound words
Expressions

See also

Further reading

  • is in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Iberian

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Etymology

Comapre Basque ez, possibly connected to Proto-Basque *eze.

Adverb

is

  1. not
    bekoŕ to is abel iŕ
    It will not be a modest advance for a generation

References

  • Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

Irish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Irish os.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

is

  1. reduced form of agus (“and; as”)
    Dia is Muire duit.
    Hello to you, too. (lit. God and Mary to you.)
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 1:
      wil nə fatī xō mŭȧ, s dūŕc šē?
      [An bhfuil na fataí chomh maith is dúirt sé?]
      Are the potatoes as good as he said?
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 1:
      ə ʒēĺǵə, l̄aurīr ə gūǵə mūn, ńī h-ønn̥̄ ī s ə ʒēlgə š agń̥ə
      [An Ghaeilge a labhraíthear i gCúige Mumhan, ní hionann í is an Ghaeilge seo againne.]
      The Irish used in Munster isn’t the same as our Irish.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish is (“is”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪsˠ/, /sˠ/ (before nouns and adjectives)
  • IPA(key): /ʃ/ (before the pronouns é, í, ea, iad)

Particle

is

  1. Present/future realis copula form
    Is múinteoir é Dónall. ― Dónall is a teacher. (definition: predicate is indefinite)
    Is é Dónall an múinteoir. ― Dónall is the teacher. (identification: predicate is definite)
    Is féidir liom snámh. ― I can swim. (idiomatic noun predicate)
    Is maith liom tae. ― I like tea. (idiomatic adjective predicate)
    Is mise a chonaic é. ― I'm the one who saw him. (compare Hiberno-English "'Tis I who saw him"; cleft sentence)
    Is é Dónall atá ina mhúinteoir. ― It's Dónall who is a teacher. (cleft sentence)
  2. Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives
    an buachaill is mó ― the bigger boy; the biggest boy
    Is mó an buachaill ná Séamas.
    The boy is bigger than James.
    Is é Séamas an buachaill is mó in Éirinn!
    James is the biggest boy in Ireland! (lit. "It is James (who is) the boy (who) is biggest in Ireland")
Usage notes
  • Used in the present and future for identification or definition of a subject as the person/object identified in the predicate of the sentence. Sometimes used with noun or adjective predicates, especially in certain fixed idiomatic phrases. Used to introduce cleft sentences, which are extremely common in Irish. It is not a verb.
  • The copula does not exist in the imperative and does not have a nominal form analogous to the verbal noun. The phrase bí i do (literally “be in your”) is used as the imperative instead (e.g. Bí i d’fhear! – “Be a man!” (lit. “Be in your man!”)), and equivalent non-copular nominal constructions must be used in place of their hypothetical copular equivalents: bheith ábalta (“to be able”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is féidir), bheith ag iarraidh (“to want”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is mian), bheith ina (“to be”, as with the imperative), etc.
  • In comparative/superlative formations, is is strictly speaking the relative of the copula, hence an buachaill is mó literally means "the boy who is biggest", i.e. "the biggest boy". The thing compared is introduced by ná (“than”).
More information simple copular forms, affirmative ...
Irish copular forms
simple copular forms
affirmativenegativeinterrogativenegative
interrogative
present/future
main clause isníannach
relative clause direct nach –
indirect ar, arbv
other subordinate clause gur, gurbvannach
past/conditional
main clause ba, b’vníor, níorbhvar, arbhvnár, nárbhv
relative clause direct ba, abv nár, nárbhv –
indirect ar, arbhv
other subordinate clause gur, gurbhvar, arbhvnár, nárbhv
present subjunctive
– gura, gurabvnára, nárabv –
compound copular forms
base wordpresent/futurepast/conditional
cá cár, cárbvcár, cárbhv
cé cér, cérbvcér, cérbhv
dá – dá mba, dá mb’v
de/do dar, darbvdar, darbhv
faoi faoinar, faoinarbvfaoinar, faoinarbhv
i inar, inarbvinar, inarbhv
le lenar, lenarbvlenar, lenarbhv
má másmá ba, má b’v
mura mura, murabvmurar, murarbhv
ó (prep.) ónar, ónarbvónar, ónarbhv
ó (conj.) ósó ba, ó b’v
trí trínar, trínarbvtrínar, trínarbhv
Close

v Used before vowel sounds

Karakalpak

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *īĺč.

Noun

is

  1. work

See also

References

  • N. A. Baskakov, editor (1958), “ис”, in Karakalpaksko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Karakalpak-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Akademija Nauk Uzbekskoj SSR, →ISBN

Kwerba

Noun

is

  1. woman

References

Lacandon

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *iihs.

Noun

is

  1. sweet potato

Derived terms

  • chʌk taꞌan is
  • kꞌʌn tsꞌuꞌ is
  • sʌk is

References

  • Baer, Phillip, Baer, Mary, Chan Kꞌin, Manuel, Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018) Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 51)‎ (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 65–66

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Oscan 𐌉𐌆𐌉𐌊 (izik), Umbrian 𐌄𐌓𐌄 (ere), and further with Lithuanian jis, Proto-Slavic *jь.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

is (feminine ea, neuter id); demonstrative pronoun

  1. (pronoun) this or that man, woman or thing; he, she, it, they (previously introduced)
    1. Picks up the subject or object after an intervening clause, to avoid repeating the relative pronoun quī, or substitutes syntactically fronted expressions
  2. (correlative) that...which; he, she...who, it...that
    1. (anaphoric) of such a nature, degree, kind (previously mentioned or implied)
    2. (cataphoric) the following; of the following nature, degree, kind
  3. (determiner) this or that [man, woman or thing] (as a noun phrase modifier)
  4. (with genus with nominative or modī with genitive) such a, that sort of
    eiusmodī sermōnēs ― talk of that kind
    • Marcus Valerius Probus, Fragmenta 66.29:
      […] 'urbīs' an 'urbēs'. Nam cum id genus sīs, quod videō, ut sine iactūrā tuā peccēs, nihil perdēs utrum dīxeris.
      […] 'urbīs' or 'urbēs'. For as far as I can see, you're the kind of man who doesn't lose sleep over his mistakes; as such you'll lose nothing whichever one you use.
  5. Substituting a clause.
    quod eius fierī possit ― as far as [any of that is] possible
    1. As an internal accusative: for that reason, on that account
      idque gaudeō ― and I'm glad about that
    2. Used in various prepositional phrases.
Usage notes

Latin is is an endophoric pronoun and determiner, which may be employed either as an anaphora or as a cataphora, meaning it serves as a reference to something preceding or following, respectively, in the text. Unlike a demonstrative such as ille or English this, is does not have a deictic function, meaning it cannot point to a referent in the world, but only one named in the text; nor can it be used exophorically as a third-person pronoun such as English (s)he that refers to something not already defined in the context but presumed to be known or deduceable by the addressee. Thus we see it used with first, second and third person.

The exophoric demonstratives/determiners in Latin are hic (proximal, near the speaker), iste (medial, near the listener), and ille (distal, far from both). Note that Latin doesn't have any 3rd-person pronouns, using the aforementioned demonstratives in their place.

Oblique cases are rare in elevated poetry.

Declension

Demonstrative pronoun.

More information singular, plural ...
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative is ea id iī1
eī
ī		 eae ea
genitive eius
ejus		 eōrum
eum		 eārum eōrum
eum
dative eī2
e͡i
ēī		 eī2
e͡i
ēī
eae		 eī2
e͡i
ēī		 iīs1
eīs
īs		 iīs1
eīs
īs
eābus		 iīs1
eīs
īs
accusative eum eam id eōs eās ea
ablative eō eā eō iīs1
eīs
īs
vocative — —
Close

1The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /iː(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology of deus. This /iː/ was normally spelled as EI during and as II after the Republic; a disyllabic iī, spelled II, Iꟾ, appears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabic eīs is only post-Classical. Other spellings include EEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S).
2The dat. singular is found spelled EIEI (here represented as ēī) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings include EEI, IEI.

Derived terms
See also
More information type, demonstrative ...
typedemonstrativeanaphoricidentityinterrogative/
relative		indefinitenegativeother
proximalmedialdistalrelativeindefinitefree choiceuniversalnegative polarity
basic hiciste, isticille, illicisipse, īdemquis/quīquisquis, quīcumquequis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiamquīvis, quīlibetquisquequisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquamnēmō, nihil, nūllusalius
dual uterutercumquealteruterutervīs, uterlibetuterqueneuteralter
place hīcistīcillīcibī̆ibī̆demubī̆ubiubi, ubī̆cumquealicubī, uspiamubivīs, ubilibetubīqueusquamnusquam, nūllibīalibī, aliās
source hincistincillincindeindidemundeundecumque, undeundealicunde°undelibetundiquealiunde
destination hūc, °hōrsumistūc, °istōrsumillūc, °illōrsumeōeōdemquō, quōrsumquōquō, quōcumquealiquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsumquōvīs, quōlibetquōquamnusquam, nūllōrsumaliō, aliōrsum
method,
means,
path,
place		 hācistācillāceāeādemquāquāquā, quācumquealiquāquāvīs, quālibetquāquenēquāquam, haudquāquamaliā
manner hōc modōistō modōillō modōita, sīc,
eō modō		item, itidemut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodumutut, utcumque, quōmodocumquequī, quōdam modō, aliquō modōquōmodolibetutīqueūllō modōnūllō modōaliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time num, nuncōlimtum, tuncsimulquandō, ‡cumcumque, quandōcumque, quandōquequondam, aliquandōquandōlibetquandōqueumquamnumquamaliās
quantity tam†tamen, †tandemquam†quamquamaliquamquamvīs, quamlibet
size tantustantusdemquantusquantuscumquealiquantusquantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality tālisquālisquālis, quāliscumquealiquālisquālislibet
number tottotidemquotquotquot, quotcumquealiquotquotlibet
order totusquotusquotuscumquealiquotusquotuslibet
repetition totiēnsquotiēnsquotiēnscumquealiquotiēnsquotiēnslibet
multiplication totuplexquotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative
Close
Latin correlatives (edit)
More information pronoun, possessive ...
Latin personal pronouns together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns
pronoun possessive
number person nominative genitive dative accusative ablative
singular first ego meī mihi mē meus, -a, -um
second tū tuī tibi tē tuus, -a, -um
third m is ēius eī eum eō —
f ea eam eā
n id id eō
plural first nōs nostrī, nostrum nōbīs nōs nōbīs noster, -tra, -trum
second vōs vestrī, vestrum vōbīs vōs vōbīs vester, -tra, -trum
third m eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs —
f eae eārum eās
n ea eōrum ea
reflexive — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Close

Etymology 2

Inflected form of eō (“go”).

Pronunciation

Verb

īs

  1. second-person singular present active indicative of eō

References

Middle Dutch

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular present indicative of wēsen

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

is (uncountable)

  2. ice (frozen water):
    1. A layer of frozen water as a surface.
    2. (rare) An individual portion of ice.
  3. (rare, figurative) That which is short-lived like ice.
  4. (rare) icy conditions
Derived terms
Descendants
  • English: ice (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: ice
References

Etymology 2

From Old English is, third-person present singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *isti, third-person present singular of *wesaną (“to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

is

  2. third-person singular present indicative of been
    Synonym: bith
Usage notes

This form is more common than bith for the third-person singular.

Descendants

Etymology 3

Determiner

is

  1. Alternative form of his (“his”)

Pronoun

is

  1. Alternative form of his (“his”)

Etymology 4

Pronoun

is

  1. Alternative form of his (“her”)

Etymology 5

Pronoun

is

  1. Alternative form of his (“them”)

Etymology 6

Noun

is (plural isnes)

  1. Alternative form of iren (“iron”)

Navajo

Interjection

is

  1. as if, as if it were true, it could be, is it really?, what do you mean by that?, so you say expressing surprise

Usage notes

Usually spelled with the final letter repeated: iss, isss, issss.

Alternative forms

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse íss (“ice”), from Proto-Germanic *īsaz, a variant of *īsą (“ice”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”).

Noun

is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural is or iser, definite plural isene)

  1. (uncountable) ice, ice cream
  2. (countable) ice cream on a stick or cone.

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

Anagrams

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Akin to English ice.

Pronunciation

Noun

is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural isar, definite plural isane)

  1. ice
  2. ice cream

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

Nyishi

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *si, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *si.

Noun

is

  1. water

References

  • P. T. Abraham (2005) A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎, Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *īsą. See there for more.

Pronunciation

Noun

īs n

  1. ice
    • the Legend of St Andrew
      Ofer ēastrēamas īs bryċġode.
      The ice formed a bridge over the streams.
  2. the runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)
Declension

Strong a-stem:

More information singular, plural ...
singular plural
nominative īs īs
accusative īs īs
genitive īses īsa
dative īse īsum
Close
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *ist, from Proto-Germanic *isti (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular present indicative of wesan
Descendants
  • Middle English: is

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *īs. Compare Old Saxon īs, Old English īs, Old Norse íss.

Noun

īs

  1. ice

Descendants

  • Middle High German: īs

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

The lemma is itself is from Proto-Celtic *esti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti; other forms are from either *h₁es- or *bʰuH-.

Verb

is

  1. to be

For quotations using this term, see Citations:is.

Usage notes

This is the so-called "copula", which is distinct from the "substantive verb" at·tá. The copula is used with noun predicates and to introduce a cleft sentence.

Conjugation

See Appendix:Old Irish conjugation of is for the complete conjugation.

Derived terms

  • cesu (“although... is”)
  • condid (“so that... is”)
  • in (“is... ?”)
  • masu (“if... is”)
  • ní (“is not”)

Descendants

  • Irish: is
  • Manx: s’
  • Scottish Gaelic: is

See also

Further reading

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *it.

Pronoun

is (is)

  1. his, its
Declension
More information nominative, accusative ...
Old Saxon personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
singular 1st person ik mī, me, mik mī mīn
2nd person thū thī, thik thī thīn
3rd
person		 m hē ina imu is
f siu sia iru ira
n it it is
dual 1st person wit unk unkero, unka
2nd person git ink inker, inka
plural 1st person wī, we ūs, unsik ūs ūser
2nd person gī, ge eu, iu, iuu euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera
3rd
person		 m sia im iro
f sia
n siu
Close

Etymology 2

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular present indicative of wesan

Etymology 3

From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old English īs (English ice), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is).

Noun

īs n

  1. ice
  2. The runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
īs (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative īs īs
accusative īs īs
genitive īses īsō
dative īse īsun
instrumental — —
Close
Descendants
  • Middle Low German: îs
    • Low German: Ies
      • German Low German: Ies
        • Plautdietsch: Iess

Old Welsh

Onondaga

Portuguese

Sardinian

Scots

Scottish Gaelic

Swedish

Tok Pisin

Turkish

Volapük

Welsh

West Frisian

Yola

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