tum

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tum"

Translingual

Symbol

tum

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Tumbuka.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʌm/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌm

Noun

tum (plural tums)

1. shortened form of tummy

   Synonym: tum-tum

   • 1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 18:

     For here am I without a crumb
     To satisfy a raging tum--
     O what an oversight!"
     As he was indulging in these melancholy reflexions he came round a bend in the road, and discovered two people in the very act of having lunch.

See also

• rum-tum
• som tum
• tum tum
• tum-tum

 

Anagrams

• MTU, Mut., UTM, mut.

Balinese

Romanization

tum

1. Romanization of ᬢᬸᬫ᭄

Iban

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʊm/

Noun

tum

1. an ancient jar that is large in the middle and opening, having a black surface and no design

Verb

tum

1. to heat; to warm

   Tum dulu lauk chelap nya

   Heat the cold dish first

2. to host lot of people for a long period of time

   Kami kena tum bala pengabang dua hari.

   We hosted the visitor for two days

Irish

Alternative forms

• tom^[1]

Etymology

From Middle Irish tummid.^[2]

Verb

tum (present analytic tumann, future analytic tumfaidh, verbal noun tumadh, past participle tumtha) (transitive, intransitive)

1. to dip (lower into a liquid), immerse, plunge, duck, submerge
2. to dip (treat cattle or sheep by immersion)
3. to dive (jump into water head-first; descend)
4. to pitch (move so that the front of the craft goes alternatively up and down)

   Synonym: bocáil

Conjugation

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	tumaim	tumann tú; tumair†	tumann sé, sí	tumaimid	tumann sibh	tumann siad; tumaid†	a thumann; a thumas / a dtumann*	tumtar
	past	thum mé; thumas	thum tú; thumais	thum sé, sí	thumamar; thum muid	thum sibh; thumabhair	thum siad; thumadar	a thum / ar thum*	tumadh
	past habitual	thumainn / dtumainn‡‡	thumtá / dtumtᇇ	thumadh sé, sí / dtumadh sé, s퇇	thumaimis; thumadh muid / dtumaimis‡‡; dtumadh muid‡‡	thumadh sibh / dtumadh sibh‡‡	thumaidís; thumadh siad / dtumaidís‡‡; dtumadh siad‡‡	a thumadh / a dtumadh*	thumtaí / dtumta퇇
future		tumfaidh mé; tumfad	tumfaidh tú; tumfair†	tumfaidh sé, sí	tumfaimid; tumfaidh muid	tumfaidh sibh	tumfaidh siad; tumfaid†	a thumfaidh; a thumfas / a dtumfaidh*	tumfar
conditional		thumfainn / dtumfainn‡‡	thumfá / dtumfᇇ	thumfadh sé, sí / dtumfadh sé, s퇇	thumfaimis; thumfadh muid / dtumfaimis‡‡; dtumfadh muid‡‡	thumfadh sibh / dtumfadh sibh‡‡	thumfaidís; thumfadh siad / dtumfaidís‡‡; dtumfadh siad‡‡	a thumfadh / a dtumfadh*	thumfaí / dtumfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go dtuma mé; go dtumad†	go dtuma tú; go dtumair†	go dtuma sé, sí	go dtumaimid; go dtuma muid	go dtuma sibh	go dtuma siad; go dtumaid†	—	go dtumtar
	past	dá dtumainn	dá dtumtá	dá dtumadh sé, sí	dá dtumaimis; dá dtumadh muid	dá dtumadh sibh	dá dtumaidís; dá dtumadh siad	—	dá dtumtaí
imperative		tumaim	tum	tumadh sé, sí	tumaimis	tumaigí; tumaidh†	tumaidís	—	tumtar
verbal noun		tumadh
past participle		tumtha

conjugation of tum (first conjugation – A)

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

• tumadóir

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
tum	thum	dtum
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. “tum”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
2. Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tummaid, tu(i)mmid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “tomaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 744
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tum”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Javanese

Romanization

tum

1. Romanization of ꦠꦸꦩ꧀

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *tom, from Proto-Indo-European *tóm, accusative of *só. Cf. its feminine form Latin tam, as in tamquam. Cognate with Ancient Greek τότε (tóte).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /tum/, [t̪ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /tum/, [t̪um]

Adverb

tum (not comparable)

1. then, thereupon

   Tum Caecilius in horto sedet.

   Then Caecilius sits in the garden.

2. at the time, at that time

   tum primum ― for the first time, then at first

   • 58 BC, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico, VII, 11:

     Qui tum primum allato nuntio de oppugnatione Vellaunoduni

     Who then for the first time being delivered information about the siege of Vellaunodunum

   • between 27 and 9 BC, Livy, Ab urbe condita:

     Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum

     This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romans at the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.

3. further on
   • between 29 and 19 BC, Vergil, Aeneid, Book 1, line 164:

     […] tum silvis scaena coruscis […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

Often coupled with cum

1. Such that "tum x, cum y" = "then x, when y"
2. "cum x tum y" = "not only x but also y"
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.13:

     movet res cum multitudinem tum duces

     This event not only shocked the crowd but also the commanders

Synonyms

• (then): deinde
• (at that time): tunc

Derived terms

• tunc

Related terms

type	demonstrative			anaphoric	identity	interrogative/ relative	indefinite					negative	other
	proximal	medial	distal				relative	indefinite	free choice	universal	negative polarity
basic	hic	iste, istic	ille, illic	is	ipse, īdem	quis/quī	quisquis, quīcumque	quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam	quīvis, quīlibet	quisque	quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam	nēmō, nihil, nūllus	alius
dual						uter	utercumque	alteruter	utervīs, uterlibet	uterque		neuter	alter
place	hīc	istīc	illīc	ibī̆	ibī̆dem	ubī̆	ubiubi, ubī̆cumque	alicubī, uspiam	ubivīs, ubilibet	ubīque	usquam	nusquam, nūllibī	alibī, aliās
source	hinc	istinc	illinc	inde	indidem	unde	undecumque, undeunde	alicunde	°undelibet	undique			aliunde
destination	hūc, °hōrsum	istūc, °istōrsum	illūc, °illōrsum	eō	eōdem	quō, quōrsum	quōquō, quōcumque	aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum	quōvīs, quōlibet		quōquam	nusquam, nūllōrsum	aliō, aliōrsum
method, means, path, place	hāc	istāc	illāc	eā	eādem	quā	quāquā, quācumque	aliquā	quāvīs, quālibet	quāque		nēquāquam, haudquāquam	aliā
manner	hōc modō	istō modō	illō modō	ita, sīc, eō modō	item, itidem	ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum	utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque	quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō	quōmodolibet	utīque	ūllō modō	nūllō modō	aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time	num, nunc		ōlim	tum, tunc	simul	quandō, ‡cum	cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque	quondam, aliquandō	quandōlibet	quandōque	umquam	numquam	aliās
quantity				tam	†tamen, †tandem	quam	†quamquam	aliquam	quamvīs, quamlibet
size				tantus	tantusdem	quantus	quantuscumque	aliquantus	quantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality				tālis		quālis	quālis, quāliscumque	aliquālis	quālislibet
number				tot	totidem	quot	quotquot, quotcumque	aliquot	quotlibet
order				totus		quotus	quotuscumque	aliquotus	quotuslibet
repetition				totiēns		quotiēns	quotiēnscumque	aliquotiēns	quotiēnslibet
multiplication				totuplex		quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

Latin correlatives ^(edit)

References

• “tum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• tum in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• tum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
    
  • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, quo nemo tum fuit clarior
    
  • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus
    
  • I was ten years old at the time: tum habebam decem annos
    
  • to be sound asleep: sopītum esse
    
  • to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
    
  • a hand-to-hand engagement ensued: tum pes cum pede collatus est (Liv. 28. 2)
    

Middle English

Adjective

tum

1. (Northern) Alternative form of tome (“empty”)

Norn

Etymology

From Old Norse *þumi, from Proto-Germanic *þūmô.

Noun

tum

1. thumb

Old Javanese

Etymology

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁um (“to boil, to distil”) (compare Thai ต้ม (dtôm, “to boil”), Khmer ដាំ (dam, “to boil”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʊm/
• Rhymes: -tum
• Hyphenation: tum

Verb

tum

1. (cooking) to cook by warping by banana leaf then steamed

Descendants

• Javanese: ꦠꦸꦩ꧀ (tum)
• → Balinese: ᬢᬸᬫ᭄ (tum)

Portuguese

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtũ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈtũ/

Interjection

tum

1. (onomatopoeia) crash (to collide with something)

   Synonym: crás

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish tummaid (“dips, plunges, immerses”).

Verb

tum (past thum, future tumaidh, verbal noun tumadh, past participle tumta)

1. plunge, immerse, dip, duck, steep

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tummaid, tu(i)mmid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Edward Dwelly (1911) “tum”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Sumerian

Romanization

tum

1. Romanization of 𒌈 (tum)

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:

tum

Wikipedia ^sv

Etymology

From Old Swedish tumme.

Noun

tum c

1. inch (unit of length)

Usage notes

Can mean at least three different units: 24.74 mm (verktum) before 1855, 29.69 mm (decimaltum) between 1855 and 1889, and usually 25.4 mm (engelsk tum) today – an international inch.

Declension

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	tum	tums
	definite	tummen	tummens
plural	indefinite	tum	tums
	definite	tummen	tummens

Declension of tum

Related terms

• decimaltum
• fyrtumsspik
• tumgänga
• tumstjock
• tumstock
• verktum

References

• tum in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• tum in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• tum in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tabasco Zoque

Numeral

tum

1. one

References

• A. G. de León G., El ayapaneco: una variante del zoqueano en Ja Chontalpa tabasquena [The Ayapaneco dialect: a variant of the Zoque language in the Chontalpa region of Tabasco]

Ternate

Etymology

From tumu, with word-final vowel deletion.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtum]

Verb

tum

1. Alternative form of tumu (“to dive, leap down from”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of tum
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	totum	fotum	mitum
2nd	notum	nitum
3rd	Masculine	otum	itum, yotum†
Feminine	motum
Neuter	itum
† - archaic

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [tum˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [tum˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [tʊm˧˧]

Noun

tum • (𡉾)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Volapük

Numeral

tum

1. hundred
   • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:

     Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.

     Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

Usage notes

This word must be preceded by a numeral for a single-digit number, so "one hundred" is expressed in Volapük as "baltum."

Derived terms

• teltum (“two hundred”)
• kiltum (“three hundred”)
• foltum (“four hundred”)
• lultum (“five hundred”)
• mältum (“six hundred”)
• veltum (“seven hundred”)
• jöltum (“eight hundred”)
• zültum (“nine hundred”)