és

See also: Appendix:Variations of "es"

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈes]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: es (Valencian)

Verb

és

1. third-person singular present indicative of ser
2. third-person singular present indicative of ésser

Galician

Verb

és

1. (reintegrationist norm) second-person singular present indicative of ser

Hungarian

Etymology

From e (“this”).

Doublet of is (“too, even, again”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈeːʃ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːʃ

Conjunction

és

1. and

   Synonyms: s, meg, illetve, valamint

   Coordinate term: vagy

Derived terms

• éspedig
• és tsai.

See also

• Category:Hungarian coordinated pairs

References

• Pusztai, Ferenc (ed.). Magyar értelmező kéziszótár (“A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian”). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003. 2nd, expanded and revised edition →ISBN. Online searchable version (under development)

Further reading

• és in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• és in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Middle French

Etymology

Since Old French, contraction of en (“in”) +‎ les (“the”).

Preposition

és

1. in the (referring to a plural noun).

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• éis, héis

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸanssā, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːs/

Noun

és f

1. track, trace

Declension

Feminine ā-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ésL	éisL	ésaH
vocative	ésL	éisL	ésaH
accusative	éisN	éisL	ésaH
genitive	éiseH	ésL	ésN
dative	éisL	ésaib	ésaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

In addition, the nominative singular also appears as (h)éis and the dative singular as éisi, suggesting a fluctuation between ā-stem and ī-stem declension.

Derived terms

• dar éis(i)
• di éis(i)
• do éis
• tar éis(i)

Mutation

Mutation of és

radical	lenition	nasalization
éis (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-éis

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 121

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 éis”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ(j)s/ [ˈɛ(ɪ̯)s]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ(j)s/ [ˈɛ(ɪ̯)s]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ(j)ʃ/ [ˈɛ(ɪ̯)ʃ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛʃ/

• Hyphenation: és

• Audio (São Paulo):

  (file)

Verb

és

1. second-person singular present indicative of ser

Noun

és m

1. plural of é

Sundanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch ijs.

Noun

és (Sundanese script ᮆᮞ᮪)

1. ice