參
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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參 (Kangxi radical 28, 厶+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈戈戈竹 (IIIH), four-corner 23202, composition ⿱厽㐱)
Historical forms of the character 參 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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篸 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms |
參 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum |
驂 | *sʰluːm |
傪 | *sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ |
慘 | *sʰluːmʔ |
黲 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ |
謲 | *sʰluːms |
毿 | *sluːm |
蔘 | *sluːm, *srum |
犙 | *sluːm, *sru, *srɯu |
糝 | *sluːmʔ |
槮 | *sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ |
鬖 | *sloːm |
摻 | *sruːm, *sruːmʔ |
醦 | *sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ |
縿 | *sroːm |
穇 | *sroːm |
嵾 | *sʰrum |
磣 | *sʰrumʔ |
墋 | *sʰrumʔ |
曑 | *srum |
瘮 | *srumʔ |
滲 | *srums |
The bronze script form is an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 晶 (“stars”) + 光 (“light; brightness”) + 彡 (“light rays”) – Three Stars mansion. 彡 (OC *sroːm, *slom) also acts as a phonetic component. Ignoring the lines connecting the three stars, 光 may be interpreted as 卩 (“kneeling person”), representing someone looking at the shining stars above him.
Alternatively, it may be the original character of 簪 (OC *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm, “hairpin”), since the bronze script forms resemble a person wearing a hat with three stars.
Based on the seal script form, Shuowen interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum) : semantic 晶 (“stars”) + phonetic 㐱 ().
From 三 (OC *suːm, *suːms, “three”) + other element (Schuessler, 2007).
參
Related to Japhug tɤzrɤm (“root”), Yakkha साम (“root”) (Jacques, 2015b).
參
Variety | Location | Words |
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Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 人參 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 人參 |
Singapore | 人參 | |
Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 人參 |
Wanrong | 人參 | |
Xi'an | 人參 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 參 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 參 |
Hong Kong | 人參, 參 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 人參 |
Lichuan | 人參 | |
Pingxiang | 人參, 參 | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 參 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 人參 |
Quanzhou | 人參 | |
Zhangzhou | 人參 | |
Tainan | 參仔 | |
Leizhou | 參 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 人參 |
Wu | Suzhou | 人參 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “derived from 三? related to 審?”)
參
參
Related to 巉 (OC *zraːm, *zraːmʔ, “craggy”) (Schuessler, 2007).
參
參
From English ransom (Cheung, 2007, page 219).
參
For pronunciation and definitions of 參 – see 摻 (“càn, type of drum music”). (This character is a variant form of 摻). |
For pronunciation and definitions of 參 – see 糝 (“mixed; impure”). (This character is a variant form of 糝). |
参 | |
參 |
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 参)
From Middle Chinese 參 (MC tshom, “add; influence; join”).
Wikisource 參 (eumhun 참여할 참 (chamyeohal cham))
From Middle Chinese 參 (MC tsrhim, “jagged; uneven”).
From Middle Chinese 參 (MC srim, “Three Stars mansion”).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄉᆞᆷ (Yale: sòm) | |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 侵 | ᄉᆞᆷ (sam) |
參 (eumhun 별 이름 삼 (byeol ireum sam))
From Middle Chinese 參 (MC sam, “three”).
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