År |
Fysik |
Kemi |
Fysiologi eller medicin |
Litteratur |
Fred |
Ekonomi[A] |
1901 |
Röntgen, WilhelmWilhelm Röntgen |
van ’t Hoff, Jacobus HenricusJacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff |
Behring, Emil vonEmil von Behring |
Prudhomme, SullySully Prudhomme |
Dunant, HenriHenri Dunant; Passy, FrédéricFrédéric Passy |
0 |
1902 |
Lorentz, HendrikHendrik Lorentz; Zeeman, PieterPieter Zeeman |
Fischer, Hermann EmilHermann Emil Fischer |
Ross, RonaldRonald Ross |
Mommsen, TheodorTheodor Mommsen |
Ducommun, ÉlieÉlie Ducommun; Gobat, AlbertAlbert Gobat |
1903 |
Becquerel, HenriHenri Becquerel; Curie, PierrePierre Curie; Curie, MarieMarie Curie |
Arrhenius, SvanteSvante Arrhenius |
Finsen, Niels RybergNiels Ryberg Finsen |
Bjørnson, BjørnstjerneBjørnstjerne Bjørnson |
Cremer, RandalRandal Cremer |
1904 |
Rayleigh, LordLord Rayleigh |
Ramsay, WilliamWilliam Ramsay |
Pavlov, IvanIvan Pavlov |
Mistral, FrédéricFrédéric Mistral; Echegaray, JoséJosé Echegaray |
Institut de droit international |
1905 |
Lenard, PhilippPhilipp Lenard |
Baeyer, Adolf vonAdolf von Baeyer |
Koch, RobertRobert Koch |
Sienkiewicz, HenrykHenryk Sienkiewicz |
Suttner, Bertha vonBertha von Suttner |
1906 |
Thomson, J. J.J. J. Thomson |
Moissan, HenriHenri Moissan |
Golgi, CamilloCamillo Golgi; Ramón y Cajal, SantiagoSantiago Ramón y Cajal |
Carducci, GiosuèGiosuè Carducci |
Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt |
1907 |
Michelson, Albert A.Albert A. Michelson |
Buchner, EduardEduard Buchner |
Laveran, AlphonseAlphonse Laveran |
Kipling, RudyardRudyard Kipling |
Moneta, ErnestoErnesto Moneta; Renault, LouisLouis Renault |
1908 |
Lippmann, GabrielGabriel Lippmann |
Rutherford, ErnestErnest Rutherford |
Metjnikov, IljaIlja Metjnikov; Ehrlich, PaulPaul Ehrlich |
Eucken, RudolfRudolf Eucken |
Arnoldson, Klas PontusKlas Pontus Arnoldson; Bajer, FredrikFredrik Bajer |
1909 |
Braun, FerdinandFerdinand Braun; Marconi, GuglielmoGuglielmo Marconi |
Ostwald, WilhelmWilhelm Ostwald |
Kocher, TheodorTheodor Kocher |
Lagerlöf, SelmaSelma Lagerlöf |
Beernaert, AugusteAuguste Beernaert; d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul HenriPaul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant |
1910 |
van der Waals, Johannes DiderikJohannes Diderik van der Waals |
Wallach, OttoOtto Wallach |
Kossel, AlbrechtAlbrecht Kossel |
Heyse, PaulPaul Heyse |
Internationella fredsbyrån |
1911 |
Wien, WilhelmWilhelm Wien |
Curie, MarieMarie Curie |
Gullstrand, AllvarAllvar Gullstrand |
Maeterlinck, MauriceMaurice Maeterlinck |
Asser, TobiasTobias Asser; Fried, AlfredAlfred Fried |
1912 |
Dalén, GustafGustaf Dalén |
Grignard, VictorVictor Grignard; Sabatier, PaulPaul Sabatier |
Carrel, AlexisAlexis Carrel |
Hauptmann, GerhartGerhart Hauptmann |
Root, ElihuElihu Root |
1913 |
Kamerlingh Onnes, HeikeHeike Kamerlingh Onnes |
Werner, AlfredAlfred Werner |
Richet, CharlesCharles Richet |
Tagore, RabindranathRabindranath Tagore |
La Fontaine, HenriHenri La Fontaine |
1914 |
Laue, Max vonMax von Laue |
Richards, Theodore WilliamTheodore William Richards |
Bárány, RobertRobert Bárány |
— |
— |
1915 |
Bragg, William HenryWilliam Henry Bragg; Bragg, William LawrenceWilliam Lawrence Bragg |
Willstätter, RichardRichard Willstätter |
— |
Rolland, RomainRomain Rolland |
— |
1916 |
— |
— |
— |
Heidenstam, Verner vonVerner von Heidenstam |
— |
1917 |
Barkla, Charles GloverCharles Glover Barkla |
— |
— |
Gjellerup, KarlKarl Gjellerup; Pontoppidan, HenrikHenrik Pontoppidan |
Internationella Rödakorskommittén |
1918 |
Planck, MaxMax Planck |
Haber, FritzFritz Haber |
— |
— |
— |
1919 |
Stark, JohannesJohannes Stark |
— |
Bordet, JulesJules Bordet |
Spitteler, CarlCarl Spitteler |
Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson |
1920 |
Guillaume, Charles EdouardCharles Edouard Guillaume |
Nernst, WaltherWalther Nernst |
Krogh, AugustAugust Krogh |
Hamsun, KnutKnut Hamsun |
Bourgeois, LéonLéon Bourgeois |
1921 |
Einstein, AlbertAlbert Einstein |
Soddy, FrederickFrederick Soddy |
— |
France, AnatoleAnatole France |
Branting, HjalmarHjalmar Branting; Lange, Christian LousChristian Lous Lange |
1922 |
Bohr, NielsNiels Bohr |
Aston, Francis WilliamFrancis William Aston |
Hill, ArchibaldArchibald Hill; Meyerhof, OttoOtto Meyerhof |
Benavente, JacintoJacinto Benavente |
Nansen, FridtjofFridtjof Nansen |
1923 |
Millikan, Robert A.Robert A. Millikan |
Pregl, FritzFritz Pregl |
Banting, FrederickFrederick Banting; Macleod, JohnJohn Macleod |
Yeats, William ButlerWilliam Butler Yeats |
— |
1924 |
Siegbahn, ManneManne Siegbahn |
— |
Einthoven, WillemWillem Einthoven |
Reymont, WładysławWładysław Reymont |
— |
1925 |
Franck, JamesJames Franck; Hertz, GustavGustav Hertz |
Zsigmondy, RichardRichard Zsigmondy |
— |
Shaw, George BernardGeorge Bernard Shaw |
Chamberlain, AustenAusten Chamberlain; Dawes, Charles G.Charles G. Dawes |
1926 |
Perrin, Jean BaptisteJean Baptiste Perrin |
Svedberg, TheodorTheodor Svedberg |
Fibiger, JohannesJohannes Fibiger |
Deledda, GraziaGrazia Deledda |
Briand, AristideAristide Briand; Stresemann, GustavGustav Stresemann |
1927 |
Compton, Arthur H.Arthur H. Compton; Wilson, Charles Thomson ReesCharles Thomson Rees Wilson |
Wieland, Heinrich OttoHeinrich Otto Wieland |
Wagner-Jauregg, JuliusJulius Wagner-Jauregg |
Bergson, HenriHenri Bergson |
Buisson, FerdinandFerdinand Buisson; Quidde, LudwigLudwig Quidde |
1928 |
Richardson, Owen WillansOwen Willans Richardson |
Windaus, AdolfAdolf Windaus |
Nicolle, CharlesCharles Nicolle |
Undset, SigridSigrid Undset |
— |
1929 |
Broglie, Louis deLouis de Broglie |
Harden, ArthurArthur Harden; Euler-Chelpin, Hans vonHans von Euler-Chelpin |
Eijkman, ChristiaanChristiaan Eijkman; Hopkins, FrederickFrederick Hopkins |
Mann, ThomasThomas Mann |
Kellogg, Frank B.Frank B. Kellogg |
1930 |
Raman, VenkataVenkata Raman |
Fischer, HansHans Fischer |
Landsteiner, KarlKarl Landsteiner |
Lewis, SinclairSinclair Lewis |
Söderblom, NathanNathan Söderblom |
1931 |
— |
Bosch, CarlCarl Bosch; Bergius, FriedrichFriedrich Bergius |
Warburg, Otto HeinrichOtto Heinrich Warburg |
Karlfeldt, Erik AxelErik Axel Karlfeldt |
Addams, JaneJane Addams; Butler, Nicholas MurrayNicholas Murray Butler |
1932 |
Heisenberg, WernerWerner Heisenberg |
Langmuir, IrvingIrving Langmuir |
Sherrington, Charles ScottCharles Scott Sherrington; Adrian, EdgarEdgar Adrian |
Galsworthy, JohnJohn Galsworthy |
— |
1933 |
Schrödinger, ErwinErwin Schrödinger; Dirac, PaulPaul Dirac |
— |
Morgan, Thomas HuntThomas Hunt Morgan |
Bunin, IvanIvan Bunin |
Angell, NormanNorman Angell |
1934 |
— |
Urey, Harold ClaytonHarold Clayton Urey |
Whipple, GeorgeGeorge Whipple; Minot, GeorgeGeorge Minot; Murphy, William P.William P. Murphy |
Pirandello, LuigiLuigi Pirandello |
Henderson, ArthurArthur Henderson |
1935 |
Chadwick, JamesJames Chadwick |
Joliot-Curie, FrédéricFrédéric Joliot-Curie; Joliot-Curie, IrèneIrène Joliot-Curie |
Spemann, HansHans Spemann |
— |
Ossietzky, Carl vonCarl von Ossietzky |
1936 |
Hess, Victor F.Victor F. Hess; Anderson, Carl D.Carl D. Anderson |
Debye, PeterPeter Debye |
Dale, Henry HallettHenry Hallett Dale; Loewi, OttoOtto Loewi |
O'Neill, EugeneEugene O'Neill |
Lamas, Carlos SaavedraCarlos Saavedra Lamas |
1937 |
Davisson, ClintonClinton Davisson; Thomson, George PagetGeorge Paget Thomson |
Haworth, WalterWalter Haworth; Karrer, PaulPaul Karrer |
Szent-Györgyi, AlbertAlbert Szent-Györgyi |
du Gard, Roger MartinRoger Martin du Gard |
Chelwood, Viscount, Cecil avCecil av Chelwood, Viscount |
1938 |
Fermi, EnricoEnrico Fermi |
Kuhn, RichardRichard Kuhn[B] |
Heymans, CorneilleCorneille Heymans |
Buck, Pearl S.Pearl S. Buck |
Nansenbyrån |
1939 |
Lawrence, ErnestErnest Lawrence |
Butenandt, AdolfAdolf Butenandt;[B] Ružička, LavoslavLavoslav Ružička |
Domagk, GerhardGerhard Domagk[B] |
Sillanpää, Frans EemilFrans Eemil Sillanpää |
— |
1940 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1941 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1942 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
1943 |
Stern, OttoOtto Stern |
Hevesy, George deGeorge de Hevesy |
Dam, HenrikHenrik Dam; Doisy, Edward A.Edward A. Doisy |
— |
— |
1944 |
Rabi, Isidor IsaacIsidor Isaac Rabi |
Hahn, OttoOtto Hahn |
Erlanger, JosephJoseph Erlanger; Gasser, Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer Gasser |
Jensen, Johannes VilhelmJohannes Vilhelm Jensen |
Internationella Rödakorskommittén |
1945 |
Pauli, WolfgangWolfgang Pauli |
Virtanen, Artturi IlmariArtturi Ilmari Virtanen |
Fleming, AlexanderAlexander Fleming; Chain, Ernst BorisErnst Boris Chain; Florey, Howard WalterHoward Walter Florey |
Mistral, GabrielaGabriela Mistral |
Hull, CordellCordell Hull |
1946 |
Bridgman, Percy W.Percy W. Bridgman |
Sumner, JamesJames Sumner; Northrop, JohnJohn Northrop; Stanley, WendellWendell Stanley |
Muller, Hermann JosephHermann Joseph Muller |
Hesse, HermannHermann Hesse |
Balch, Emily GreeneEmily Greene Balch; Mott, JohnJohn Mott |
1947 |
Appleton, EdwardEdward Appleton |
Robinson, RobertRobert Robinson |
Cori, Carl FerdinandCarl Ferdinand Cori; Cori, GertyGerty Cori; Houssay, Bernardo AlbertoBernardo Alberto Houssay |
Gide, AndréAndré Gide |
Friends Service Council; American Friends Service Committee |
1948 |
Blackett, Patrick M.S.Patrick M.S. Blackett |
Tiselius, ArneArne Tiselius |
Müller, Paul HermannPaul Hermann Müller |
Eliot, T.S.T.S. Eliot |
—[C] |
1949 |
Yukawa, HidekiHideki Yukawa |
Giauque, WilliamWilliam Giauque |
Hess, WalterWalter Hess; Moniz, EgasEgas Moniz |
Faulkner, WilliamWilliam Faulkner |
Orr, John BoydJohn Boyd Orr |
1950 |
Powell, CecilCecil Powell |
Diels, OttoOtto Diels; Alder, KurtKurt Alder |
Hench, Philip ShowalterPhilip Showalter Hench; Kendall, Edward C.Edward C. Kendall; Reichstein, TadeusTadeus Reichstein |
Russell, BertrandBertrand Russell |
Bunche, RalphRalph Bunche |
1951 |
Cockcroft, JohnJohn Cockcroft; Walton, ErnestErnest Walton |
McMillan, EdwinEdwin McMillan; Seaborg, Glenn T.Glenn T. Seaborg |
Theiler, MaxMax Theiler |
Lagerkvist, PärPär Lagerkvist |
Jouhaux, LéonLéon Jouhaux |
1952 |
Bloch, FelixFelix Bloch; Purcell, Edward M.Edward M. Purcell |
Martin, ArcherArcher Martin; Synge, RichardRichard Synge |
Waksman, SelmanSelman Waksman |
Mauriac, FrançoisFrançois Mauriac |
Schweitzer, AlbertAlbert Schweitzer |
1953 |
Zernike, FritsFrits Zernike |
Staudinger, HermannHermann Staudinger |
Krebs, Hans AdolfHans Adolf Krebs; Lipmann, Fritz AlbertFritz Albert Lipmann |
Churchill, WinstonWinston Churchill |
Marshall, George C.George C. Marshall |
1954 |
Born, MaxMax Born; Bothe, WaltherWalther Bothe |
Pauling, LinusLinus Pauling |
Enders, John F.John F. Enders; Robbins, Frederick C.Frederick C. Robbins; Weller, Thomas H.Thomas H. Weller |
Hemingway, ErnestErnest Hemingway |
FN:s flyktingkommissariat |
1955 |
Lamb, Willis E.Willis E. Lamb; Kusch, PolykarpPolykarp Kusch |
du Vigneaud, VincentVincent du Vigneaud |
Theorell, HugoHugo Theorell |
Laxness, HalldórHalldór Laxness |
— |
1956 |
Bardeen, JohnJohn Bardeen; Brattain, Walter H.Walter H. Brattain; Shockley, William B.William B. Shockley |
Hinshelwood, CyrilCyril Hinshelwood; Semjonov, NikolajNikolaj Semjonov |
Cournand, André F.André F. Cournand; Forssmann, WernerWerner Forssmann; Richards, Dickinson W.Dickinson W. Richards |
Jiménez, Juan RamónJuan Ramón Jiménez |
— |
1957 |
Yang, Chen NingChen Ning Yang; Lee, Tsung-DaoTsung-Dao Lee |
Todd, Alexander RobertusAlexander Robertus Todd |
Bovet, DanielDaniel Bovet |
Camus, AlbertAlbert Camus |
Pearson, Lester B.Lester B. Pearson |
1958 |
Tjerenkov, PavelPavel Tjerenkov; Frank, Ilja M.Ilja M. Frank; Tamm, Igor JevgenjevitjIgor Jevgenjevitj Tamm |
Sanger, FrederickFrederick Sanger |
Beadle, George WellsGeorge Wells Beadle; Tatum, Edward LawrieEdward Lawrie Tatum; Lederberg, JoshuaJoshua Lederberg |
Pasternak, BorisBoris Pasternak[D] |
Pire, GeorgesGeorges Pire |
1959 |
Segrè, EmilioEmilio Segrè; Chamberlain, OwenOwen Chamberlain |
Heyrovský, JaroslavJaroslav Heyrovský |
Kornberg, ArthurArthur Kornberg; Ochoa, SeveroSevero Ochoa |
Quasimodo, SalvatoreSalvatore Quasimodo |
Noel-Baker, Philip J.Philip J. Noel-Baker |
1960 |
Glaser, Donald A.Donald A. Glaser |
Libby, WillardWillard Libby |
Burnet, Frank MacfarlaneFrank Macfarlane Burnet; Medawar, PeterPeter Medawar |
Perse, Saint-JohnSaint-John Perse |
Lutuli, AlbertAlbert Lutuli |
1961 |
Hofstadter, RobertRobert Hofstadter; Mössbauer, RudolfRudolf Mössbauer |
Calvin, MelvinMelvin Calvin |
Békésy, Georg vonGeorg von Békésy |
Andrić, IvoIvo Andrić |
Hammarskjöld, DagDag Hammarskjöld (postumt) |
1962 |
Landau, LevLev Landau |
Perutz, MaxMax Perutz; Kendrew, JohnJohn Kendrew |
Crick, FrancisFrancis Crick; Watson, James D.James D. Watson; Wilkins, MauriceMaurice Wilkins |
Steinbeck, JohnJohn Steinbeck |
Pauling, LinusLinus Pauling |
1963 |
Wigner, EugeneEugene Wigner; Goeppert-Mayer, MariaMaria Goeppert-Mayer; Jensen, J. Hans D.J. Hans D. Jensen |
Ziegler, KarlKarl Ziegler; Natta, GiulioGiulio Natta |
Eccles, John CarewJohn Carew Eccles; Hodgkin, Alan LloydAlan Lloyd Hodgkin; Huxley, AndrewAndrew Huxley |
Seferis, GiorgosGiorgos Seferis |
Internationella Rödakorskommittén, ICRC jämte Internationella rödakors- och rödahalvmånefederationen samt Röda Lejonet och Solen, IFRC |
1964 |
Townes, Charles H.Charles H. Townes; Basov, Nicolay G.Nicolay G. Basov; Prochorov, Aleksandr M.Aleksandr M. Prochorov |
Hodgkin, Dorothy CrowfootDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin |
Bloch, Konrad EmilKonrad Emil Bloch; Lynen, FeodorFeodor Lynen |
Sartre, Jean-PaulJean-Paul Sartre[E] |
King, Jr., Martin LutherMartin Luther King, Jr. |
1965 |
Tomonaga, ShinichirōShinichirō Tomonaga; Schwinger, JulianJulian Schwinger; Feynman, Richard P.Richard P. Feynman |
Woodward, Robert BurnsRobert Burns Woodward |
Jacob, FrançoisFrançois Jacob; Lwoff, AndréAndré Lwoff; Monod, JacquesJacques Monod |
Sjolochov, MichailMichail Sjolochov |
Unicef |
1966 |
Kastler, AlfredAlfred Kastler |
Mulliken, Robert S.Robert S. Mulliken |
Rous, Francis PeytonFrancis Peyton Rous; Huggins, Charles B.Charles B. Huggins |
Agnon, SamuelSamuel Agnon; Sachs, NellyNelly Sachs |
— |
1967 |
Bethe, HansHans Bethe |
Eigen, ManfredManfred Eigen; Norrish, Ronald George WreyfordRonald George Wreyford Norrish; Porter, GeorgeGeorge Porter |
Granit, RagnarRagnar Granit; Hartline, Haldan KefferHaldan Keffer Hartline; Wald, GeorgeGeorge Wald |
Asturias, Miguel ÁngelMiguel Ángel Asturias |
— |
1968 |
Alvarez, LuisLuis Alvarez |
Onsager, LarsLars Onsager |
Holley, Robert W.Robert W. Holley; Khorana, Har GobindHar Gobind Khorana; Nirenberg, Marshall WarrenMarshall Warren Nirenberg |
Kawabata, YasunariYasunari Kawabata |
Cassin, RenéRené Cassin |
1969 |
Gell-Mann, MurrayMurray Gell-Mann |
Barton, DerekDerek Barton; Hassel, OddOdd Hassel |
Delbrück, MaxMax Delbrück; Hershey, AlfredAlfred Hershey; Luria, Salvador E.Salvador E. Luria |
Beckett, SamuelSamuel Beckett |
Internationella arbetsorganisationen |
Frisch, RagnarRagnar Frisch; Tinbergen, JanJan Tinbergen |
1970 |
Alfvén, HannesHannes Alfvén; Néel, LouisLouis Néel |
Leloir, Luis FedericoLuis Federico Leloir |
Axelrod, JuliusJulius Axelrod; Euler, Ulf vonUlf von Euler; Katz, BernardBernard Katz |
Solzjenitsyn, AleksandrAleksandr Solzjenitsyn |
Borlaug, NormanNorman Borlaug |
Samuelson, PaulPaul Samuelson |
1971 |
Gabor, DennisDennis Gabor |
Herzberg, GerhardGerhard Herzberg |
Sutherland, Earl W.Earl W. Sutherland |
Neruda, PabloPablo Neruda |
Brandt, WillyWilly Brandt |
Kuznets, SimonSimon Kuznets |
1972 |
Bardeen, JohnJohn Bardeen; Cooper, Leon NeilLeon Neil Cooper; Schrieffer, RobertRobert Schrieffer |
Anfinsen, ChristianChristian Anfinsen; Moore, StanfordStanford Moore; Stein, WilliamWilliam Stein |
Edelman, GeraldGerald Edelman; Porter, Rodney RobertRodney Robert Porter |
Böll, HeinrichHeinrich Böll |
— |
Hicks, JohnJohn Hicks; Arrow, KennethKenneth Arrow |
1973 |
Esaki, LeoLeo Esaki; Giaever, IvarIvar Giaever; Josephson, Brian D.Brian D. Josephson |
Fischer, Ernst OttoErnst Otto Fischer; Wilkinson, GeoffreyGeoffrey Wilkinson |
Frisch, Karl vonKarl von Frisch; Lorenz, KonradKonrad Lorenz; Tinbergen, NikolaasNikolaas Tinbergen |
White, PatrickPatrick White |
Kissinger, HenryHenry Kissinger; Thọ, Lê ĐứcLê Đức Thọ[F] |
Leontief, WassilyWassily Leontief |
1974 |
Ryle, MartinMartin Ryle; Hewish, AntonyAntony Hewish |
Flory, PaulPaul Flory |
Claude, AlbertAlbert Claude; Duve, Christian deChristian de Duve; Palade, George EmilGeorge Emil Palade |
Johnson, EyvindEyvind Johnson; Martinson, HarryHarry Martinson |
MacBride, SeánSeán MacBride; Sato, EisakuEisaku Sato |
Myrdal, GunnarGunnar Myrdal; Hayek, FriedrichFriedrich Hayek |
1975 |
Bohr, AageAage Bohr; Mottelson, Ben R.Ben R. Mottelson; Rainwater, JamesJames Rainwater |
Cornforth, JohnJohn Cornforth; Prelog, VladimirVladimir Prelog |
Baltimore, DavidDavid Baltimore; Dulbecco, RenatoRenato Dulbecco; Temin, Howard M.Howard M. Temin |
Montale, EugenioEugenio Montale |
Sacharov, AndrejAndrej Sacharov |
Kantorovitj, LeonidLeonid Kantorovitj; Koopmans, TjallingTjalling Koopmans |
1976 |
Richter, BurtonBurton Richter; Ting, Samuel C.C.Samuel C.C. Ting |
Lipscomb, WilliamWilliam Lipscomb |
Blumberg, Baruch S.Baruch S. Blumberg; Gajdusek, Daniel CarletonDaniel Carleton Gajdusek |
Bellow, SaulSaul Bellow |
Williams, BettyBetty Williams; Corrigan, MaireadMairead Corrigan |
Friedman, MiltonMilton Friedman |
1977 |
Anderson, Philip W.Philip W. Anderson; Mott, Sir Nevill F.Sir Nevill F. Mott; van Vleck, John H.John H. van Vleck |
Prigogine, IlyaIlya Prigogine |
Guillemin, RogerRoger Guillemin; Schally, AndrewAndrew Schally; Yalow, RosalynRosalyn Yalow |
Aleixandre, VicenteVicente Aleixandre |
Amnesty International |
Ohlin, BertilBertil Ohlin; Meade, JamesJames Meade |
1978 |
Kapitsa, PyotrPyotr Kapitsa; Penzias, ArnoArno Penzias; Wilson, Robert WoodrowRobert Woodrow Wilson |
Mitchell, PeterPeter Mitchell |
Arber, WernerWerner Arber; Nathans, DanielDaniel Nathans; Smith, Hamilton O.Hamilton O. Smith |
Singer, Isaac BashevisIsaac Bashevis Singer |
Sadat, AnwarAnwar Sadat; Begin, MenachemMenachem Begin |
Simon, HerbertHerbert Simon |
1979 |
Glashow, SheldonSheldon Glashow; Salam, AbdusAbdus Salam; Weinberg, StevenSteven Weinberg |
Brown, Herbert C.Herbert C. Brown; Wittig, GeorgGeorg Wittig |
Cormack, Allan McLeodAllan McLeod Cormack; Hounsfield, Godfrey N.Godfrey N. Hounsfield |
Elytis, OdysseasOdysseas Elytis |
Teresa, ModerModer Teresa |
Schultz, TheodoreTheodore Schultz; Lewis, William ArthurWilliam Arthur Lewis |
1980 |
Cronin, JamesJames Cronin; Fitch, ValVal Fitch |
Berg, PaulPaul Berg; Gilbert, WalterWalter Gilbert; Sanger, FrederickFrederick Sanger |
Benacerraf, BarujBaruj Benacerraf; Dausset, JeanJean Dausset; Snell, George DavisGeorge Davis Snell |
Miłosz, CzesławCzesław Miłosz |
Pérez Esquivel, AdolfoAdolfo Pérez Esquivel |
Klein, LawrenceLawrence Klein |
1981 |
Bloembergen, NicolaasNicolaas Bloembergen; Schawlow, Arthur L.Arthur L. Schawlow; Siegbahn, Kai M.Kai M. Siegbahn |
Fukui, KenichiKenichi Fukui; Hoffmann, RoaldRoald Hoffmann |
Sperry, Roger W.Roger W. Sperry; Hubel, David H.David H. Hubel; Wiesel, Torsten N.Torsten N. Wiesel |
Canetti, EliasElias Canetti |
FN:s flyktingkommissariat |
Tobin, JamesJames Tobin |
1982 |
Wilson, Kenneth G.Kenneth G. Wilson |
Klug, AaronAaron Klug |
Bergström, SuneSune Bergström; Samuelsson, BengtBengt Samuelsson; Vane, John R.John R. Vane |
Márquez, Gabriel GarcíaGabriel García Márquez |
Myrdal, AlvaAlva Myrdal; Robles, Alfonso GarcíaAlfonso García Robles |
Stigler, GeorgeGeorge Stigler |
1983 |
Chandrasekhar, SubramanyanSubramanyan Chandrasekhar; Fowler, William A.William A. Fowler |
Taube, HenryHenry Taube |
McClintock, BarbaraBarbara McClintock |
Golding, WilliamWilliam Golding |
Wałęsa, LechLech Wałęsa |
Debreu, GerardGerard Debreu |
1984 |
Rubbia, CarloCarlo Rubbia; van der Meer, SimonSimon van der Meer |
Merrifield, Robert BruceRobert Bruce Merrifield |
Jerne, Niels KajNiels Kaj Jerne; Köhler, Georges J.F.Georges J.F. Köhler; Milstein, CésarCésar Milstein |
Seifert, JaroslavJaroslav Seifert |
Tutu, DesmondDesmond Tutu |
Stone, RichardRichard Stone |
1985 |
Klitzing, Klaus vonKlaus von Klitzing |
Hauptman, Herbert A.Herbert A. Hauptman; Karle, JeromeJerome Karle |
Brown, Michael StuartMichael Stuart Brown; Goldstein, Joseph L.Joseph L. Goldstein |
Simon, ClaudeClaude Simon |
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War |
Modigliani, FrancoFranco Modigliani |
1986 |
Ruska, ErnstErnst Ruska; Binnig, GerdGerd Binnig; Rohrer, HeinrichHeinrich Rohrer |
Herschbach, Dudley R.Dudley R. Herschbach; Lee, Yuan T.Yuan T. Lee; Polanyi, John C.John C. Polanyi |
Cohen, StanleyStanley Cohen; Levi-Montalcini, RitaRita Levi-Montalcini |
Soyinka, WoleWole Soyinka |
Wiesel, ElieElie Wiesel |
Buchanan, James M.James M. Buchanan |
1987 |
Bednorz, J. GeorgJ. Georg Bednorz; Müller, K. AlexK. Alex Müller |
Cram, Donald J.Donald J. Cram; Lehn, Jean-MarieJean-Marie Lehn; Pedersen, Charles J.Charles J. Pedersen |
Tonegawa, SusumuSusumu Tonegawa |
Brodsky, JosephJoseph Brodsky |
Arias, ÓscarÓscar Arias |
Solow, RobertRobert Solow |
1988 |
Lederman, Leon M.Leon M. Lederman; Schwartz, MelvinMelvin Schwartz; Steinberger, JackJack Steinberger |
Deisenhofer, JohannJohann Deisenhofer; Huber, RobertRobert Huber; Michel, HartmutHartmut Michel |
Black, James W.James W. Black; Elion, Gertrude B.Gertrude B. Elion; Hitchings, George H.George H. Hitchings |
Mahfouz, NaguibNaguib Mahfouz |
FN:s fredsbevarande styrkor |
Allais, MauriceMaurice Allais |
1989 |
Ramsey, Norman F.Norman F. Ramsey; Dehmelt, Hans G.Hans G. Dehmelt; Paul, WolfgangWolfgang Paul |
Altman, SidneySidney Altman; Cech, ThomasThomas Cech |
Bishop, J. MichaelJ. Michael Bishop; Varmus, Harold E.Harold E. Varmus |
Cela, Camilo JoséCamilo José Cela |
Gyatso, TenzinTenzin Gyatso, den fjortonde Dalai Lama |
Haavelmo, TrygveTrygve Haavelmo |
1990 |
Friedman, Jerome I.Jerome I. Friedman; Kendall, Henry W.Henry W. Kendall; Taylor, Richard E.Richard E. Taylor |
Corey, Elias JamesElias James Corey |
Murray, Joseph E.Joseph E. Murray; Thomas, Edward DonnallEdward Donnall Thomas |
Paz, OctavioOctavio Paz |
Gorbatjov, MichailMichail Gorbatjov |
Markowitz, HarryHarry Markowitz; Miller, MertonMerton Miller; Sharpe, William F.William F. Sharpe |
1991 |
Gennes, Pierre-Gilles dePierre-Gilles de Gennes |
Ernst, Richard R.Richard R. Ernst |
Neher, ErwinErwin Neher; Sakmann, BertBert Sakmann |
Gordimer, NadineNadine Gordimer |
Suu Kyi, Aung SanAung San Suu Kyi |
Coase, RonaldRonald Coase |
1992 |
Charpak, GeorgesGeorges Charpak |
Marcus, Rudolph A.Rudolph A. Marcus |
Fischer, Edmond H.Edmond H. Fischer; Krebs, Edwin G.Edwin G. Krebs |
Walcott, DerekDerek Walcott |
Menchú, RigobertaRigoberta Menchú |
Becker, GaryGary Becker |
1993 |
Hulse, Russell A.Russell A. Hulse; Taylor, JosephJoseph Taylor |
Mullis, KaryKary Mullis; Smith, MichaelMichael Smith |
Roberts, Richard J.Richard J. Roberts; Sharp, Phillip AllenPhillip Allen Sharp |
Morrison, ToniToni Morrison |
Mandela, NelsonNelson Mandela; Klerk, Frederik Willem deFrederik Willem de Klerk |
Fogel, RobertRobert Fogel; North, DouglassDouglass North |
1994 |
Brockhouse, Bertram N.Bertram N. Brockhouse; Shull, Clifford G.Clifford G. Shull |
Olah, George A.George A. Olah |
Gilman, Alfred G.Alfred G. Gilman; Rodbell, MartinMartin Rodbell |
Oe, KenzaburoKenzaburo Oe |
Arafat, YassirYassir Arafat; Peres, ShimonShimon Peres; Rabin, YitzhakYitzhak Rabin |
Harsanyi, JohnJohn Harsanyi; Nash, John ForbesJohn Forbes Nash; Selten, ReinhardReinhard Selten |
1995 |
Perl, Martin L.Martin L. Perl; Reines, FrederickFrederick Reines |
Crutzen, Paul J.Paul J. Crutzen; Molina, Mario J.Mario J. Molina; Rowland, Frank SherwoodFrank Sherwood Rowland |
Lewis, Edward B.Edward B. Lewis; Nüsslein-Volhard, ChristianeChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard; Wieschaus, Eric F.Eric F. Wieschaus |
Heaney, SeamusSeamus Heaney |
Rotblat, JosephJoseph Rotblat; Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs |
Lucas Jr., RobertRobert Lucas Jr. |
1996 |
Lee, David M.David M. Lee; Osheroff, Douglas D.Douglas D. Osheroff; Richardson, Robert C.Robert C. Richardson |
Curl Jr., Robert F.Robert F. Curl Jr.; Kroto, HaroldHarold Kroto; Smalley, RichardRichard Smalley |
Doherty, Peter C.Peter C. Doherty; Zinkernagel, Rolf M.Rolf M. Zinkernagel |
Szymborska, WisławaWisława Szymborska |
Belo, Carlos Filipe XimenesCarlos Filipe Ximenes Belo; Ramos-Horta, JoséJosé Ramos-Horta |
Mirrlees, JamesJames Mirrlees; Vickrey, WilliamWilliam Vickrey |
1997 |
Chu, StevenSteven Chu; Cohen-Tannoudji, ClaudeClaude Cohen-Tannoudji; Phillips, William D.William D. Phillips |
Boyer, Paul D.Paul D. Boyer; Walker, John E.John E. Walker; Skou, Jens ChristianJens Christian Skou |
Prusiner, Stanley B.Stanley B. Prusiner |
Fo, DarioDario Fo |
International Campaign to Ban Landmines; Williams, JodyJody Williams |
Merton, Robert C.Robert C. Merton; Scholes, MyronMyron Scholes |
1998 |
Laughlin, Robert B.Robert B. Laughlin; Störmer, Horst L.Horst L. Störmer; Tsui, Daniel C.Daniel C. Tsui |
Kohn, WalterWalter Kohn; Pople, JohnJohn Pople |
Furchgott, Robert F.Robert F. Furchgott; Ignarro, Louis J.Louis J. Ignarro; Murad, FeridFerid Murad |
Saramago, JoséJosé Saramago |
Hume, JohnJohn Hume; Trimble, DavidDavid Trimble |
Sen, AmartyaAmartya Sen |
1999 |
Hooft, Gerardus 'tGerardus 't Hooft; Veltman, Martinus J.G.Martinus J.G. Veltman |
Zewail, AhmedAhmed Zewail |
Blobel, GünterGünter Blobel |
Grass, GünterGünter Grass |
Läkare utan gränser |
Mundell, RobertRobert Mundell |
2000 |
Alferov, Zhores I.Zhores I. Alferov; Kroemer, HerbertHerbert Kroemer; Kilby, JackJack Kilby |
Heeger, AlanAlan Heeger; MacDiarmid, AlanAlan MacDiarmid; Shirakawa, HidekiHideki Shirakawa |
Carlsson, ArvidArvid Carlsson; Greengard, PaulPaul Greengard; Kandel, EricEric Kandel |
Xingjian, GaoGao Xingjian |
Dae-jung, KimKim Dae-jung |
Heckman, JamesJames Heckman; McFadden, DanielDaniel McFadden |
2001 |
Cornell, Eric A.Eric A. Cornell; Ketterle, WolfgangWolfgang Ketterle; Wieman, Carl E.Carl E. Wieman |
Knowles, William S.William S. Knowles; Noyori, RyojiRyoji Noyori; Sharpless, Karl BarryKarl Barry Sharpless |
Hartwell, Leland H.Leland H. Hartwell; Hunt, TimTim Hunt; Nurse, PaulPaul Nurse |
Naipaul, V. S.V. S. Naipaul |
Förenta nationerna; Annan, KofiKofi Annan |
Akerlof, GeorgeGeorge Akerlof; Spence, MichaelMichael Spence; Stiglitz, Joseph E.Joseph E. Stiglitz |
2002 |
Davis Jr., RaymondRaymond Davis Jr.; Koshiba, MasatoshiMasatoshi Koshiba; Giacconi, RiccardoRiccardo Giacconi |
Fenn, JohnJohn Fenn; Tanaka, KoichiKoichi Tanaka; Wüthrich, KurtKurt Wüthrich |
Brenner, SydneySydney Brenner; Horvitz, H. RobertH. Robert Horvitz; Sulston, John E.John E. Sulston |
Kertész, ImreImre Kertész |
Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter |
Kahneman, DanielDaniel Kahneman; Smith, Vernon L.Vernon L. Smith |
2003 |
Abrikosov, Alexei A.Alexei A. Abrikosov; Ginzburg, Vitaly L.Vitaly L. Ginzburg; Leggett, Anthony J.Anthony J. Leggett |
Agre, PeterPeter Agre; MacKinnon, RoderickRoderick MacKinnon |
Lauterbur, PaulPaul Lauterbur; Mansfield, PeterPeter Mansfield |
Coetzee, J. M.J. M. Coetzee |
Ebadi, ShirinShirin Ebadi |
Engle, Robert F.Robert F. Engle; Granger, CliveClive Granger |
2004 |
Gross, David J.David J. Gross; Politzer, H. DavidH. David Politzer; Wilczek, FrankFrank Wilczek |
Ciechanover, AaronAaron Ciechanover; Hershko, AvramAvram Hershko; Rose, IrwinIrwin Rose |
Axel, RichardRichard Axel; Buck, Linda B.Linda B. Buck |
Jelinek, ElfriedeElfriede Jelinek |
Maathai, WangariWangari Maathai |
Kydland, Finn E.Finn E. Kydland; Prescott, Edward C.Edward C. Prescott |
2005 |
Glauber, Roy J.Roy J. Glauber; Hall, John L.John L. Hall; Hänsch, Theodor W.Theodor W. Hänsch |
Chauvin, YvesYves Chauvin; Grubbs, Robert H.Robert H. Grubbs; Schrock, Richard R.Richard R. Schrock |
Marshall, BarryBarry Marshall; Warren, RobinRobin Warren |
Pinter, HaroldHarold Pinter |
Internationella atomenergiorganet; ElBaradei, MohamedMohamed ElBaradei |
Aumann, RobertRobert Aumann; Schelling, ThomasThomas Schelling |
2006 |
Mather, John C.John C. Mather; Smoot, George F.George F. Smoot |
Kornberg, Roger D.Roger D. Kornberg |
Fire, AndrewAndrew Fire; Mello, CraigCraig Mello |
Pamuk, OrhanOrhan Pamuk |
Yunus, MuhammadMuhammad Yunus; Grameen Bank |
Phelps, EdmundEdmund Phelps |
2007 |
Fert, AlbertAlbert Fert; Grünberg, PeterPeter Grünberg |
Ertl, GerhardGerhard Ertl |
Capecchi, MarioMario Capecchi; Evans, MartinMartin Evans; Smithies, OliverOliver Smithies |
Lessing, DorisDoris Lessing |
FN:s klimatpanel; Gore, AlAl Gore |
Hurwicz, LeonidLeonid Hurwicz; Maskin, EricEric Maskin; Myerson, RogerRoger Myerson |
2008 |
Nambu, YoichiroYoichiro Nambu; Kobayashi, MakotoMakoto Kobayashi; Maskawa, ToshihideToshihide Maskawa |
Shimomura, OsamuOsamu Shimomura; Chalfie, MartinMartin Chalfie; Tsien, RogerRoger Tsien |
zur Hausen, HaraldHarald zur Hausen; Barré-Sinoussi, FrançoiseFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi; Montagnier, LucLuc Montagnier |
Le Clézio, Jean-Marie GustaveJean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio |
Ahtisaari, MarttiMartti Ahtisaari |
Krugman, PaulPaul Krugman |
2009 |
Kao, Charles K.Charles K. Kao; Boyle, Willard S.Willard S. Boyle; Smith, George E.George E. Smith |
Ramakrishnan, VenkatramanVenkatraman Ramakrishnan; Steitz, Thomas A.Thomas A. Steitz; Yonath, Ada E.Ada E. Yonath |
Blackburn, ElizabethElizabeth Blackburn; Greider, Carol W.Carol W. Greider; Szostak, JackJack Szostak |
Müller, HertaHerta Müller |
Obama, BarackBarack Obama |
Ostrom, ElinorElinor Ostrom; Williamson, Oliver E.Oliver E. Williamson |
2010 |
Geim, AndreAndre Geim; Novoselov, KonstantinKonstantin Novoselov |
Heck, Richard F.Richard F. Heck; Negishi, Ei-ichiEi-ichi Negishi; Suzuki, AkiraAkira Suzuki |
Edwards, RobertRobert Edwards |
Llosa, Mario VargasMario Vargas Llosa |
Xiaobo, LiuLiu Xiaobo |
Diamond, Peter A.Peter A. Diamond; Mortensen, Dale T.Dale T. Mortensen; Pissarides, Christopher A.Christopher A. Pissarides |
2011 |
Perlmutter, SaulSaul Perlmutter; Schmidt, BrianBrian Schmidt; Riess, AdamAdam Riess |
Shechtman, DanDan Shechtman |
Beutler, BruceBruce Beutler; Hoffmann, JulesJules Hoffmann; Steinman, RalphRalph Steinman |
Tranströmer, TomasTomas Tranströmer |
Johnson-Sirleaf, EllenEllen Johnson-Sirleaf; Gbowee, LeymahLeymah Gbowee; Karman, TawakkulTawakkul Karman |
Sims, Christopher A.Christopher A. Sims; Sargent, Thomas J.Thomas J. Sargent |
2012 |
Haroche, SergeSerge Haroche; Wineland, David J.David J. Wineland |
Lefkowitz, Robert J.Robert J. Lefkowitz; Kobilka, Brian K.Brian K. Kobilka |
Gurdon, John B.John B. Gurdon; Yamanaka, ShinyaShinya Yamanaka |
Yan, MoMo Yan |
Europeiska unionen |
Roth, Alvin E.Alvin E. Roth; Shapley, Lloyd S.Lloyd S. Shapley |
2013 |
Englert, FrançoisFrançois Englert; Higgs, PeterPeter Higgs |
Karplus, MartinMartin Karplus; Levitt, MichaelMichael Levitt; Warshel, AriehArieh Warshel |
Rothman, JamesJames Rothman; Schekman, RandyRandy Schekman; Südhof, ThomasThomas Südhof |
Munro, AliceAlice Munro |
Organisationen för förbud mot kemiska vapen |
Fama, EugeneEugene Fama; Hansen, Lars PeterLars Peter Hansen; Shiller, Robert J.Robert J. Shiller |
2014 |
Akasaki, IsamuIsamu Akasaki; Amano, HiroshiHiroshi Amano; Nakamura, ShujiShuji Nakamura |
Betzig, EricEric Betzig; Hell, StefanStefan Hell; Moerner, WilliamWilliam Moerner |
O'Keefe, JohnJohn O'Keefe; Moser, May-BrittMay-Britt Moser; Moser, EdvardEdvard Moser |
Modiano, PatrickPatrick Modiano |
Yousafzai, MalalaMalala Yousafzai; Satyarthi, KailashKailash Satyarthi |
Tirole, JeanJean Tirole |
2015 |
Kajita, TakaakiTakaaki Kajita; McDonald, ArthurArthur McDonald |
Lindahl, TomasTomas Lindahl; Modrich, PaulPaul Modrich; Sancar, AzizAziz Sancar |
Campbell, William C.William C. Campbell; Ōmura, SatoshiSatoshi Ōmura; Tu, YouyouYouyou Tu |
Aleksijevitj, SvetlanaSvetlana Aleksijevitj |
Tunisiens nationella dialogkvartett |
Deaton, AngusAngus Deaton |
2016 |
Thouless, David J.David J. Thouless; Haldane, DuncanDuncan Haldane; Kosterlitz, John M.John M. Kosterlitz |
Sauvage, Jean-PierreJean-Pierre Sauvage; Stoddart, FraserFraser Stoddart; Feringa, BenBen Feringa |
Ohsumi, YoshinoriYoshinori Ohsumi |
Dylan, BobBob Dylan |
Santos, Juan ManuelJuan Manuel Santos |
Hart, OliverOliver Hart; Holmström, BengtBengt Holmström |
2017 |
Thorne, KipKip Thorne; Barish, Barry C.Barry C. Barish; Weiss, RainerRainer Weiss |
Dubochet, JacquesJacques Dubochet; Frank, JoachimJoachim Frank; Henderson, RichardRichard Henderson |
Hall, Jeffrey C.Jeffrey C. Hall; Rosbash, MichaelMichael Rosbash; Young, Michael W.Michael W. Young |
Ishiguro, KazuoKazuo Ishiguro |
International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons |
Richard H. Thaler |
2018 |
Ashkin, ArthurArthur Ashkin; Mourou, GérardGérard Mourou; Strickland, DonnaDonna Strickland |
Arnold, FrancesFrances Arnold; Smith, George P.George P. Smith; Winter, Gregory P.Gregory P. Winter |
Allison, James P.James P. Allison; Honjo, TasukuTasuku Honjo |
Tokarczuk, OlgaOlga Tokarczuk[G] |
Mukwege, DenisDenis Mukwege; Murad, NadiaNadia Murad |
Nordhaus, WilliamWilliam Nordhaus; Romer, PaulPaul Romer |
2019 |
Peebles, JamesJames Peebles; Mayor, MichelMichel Mayor; Queloz, DidierDidier Queloz |
Goodenough, John BannisterJohn Bannister Goodenough; Whittingham, M. StanleyM. Stanley Whittingham; Yoshino, AkiraAkira Yoshino |
Kaelin Jr., William G.William G. Kaelin Jr.; Ratcliffe, Peter J.Peter J. Ratcliffe; Semenza, Gregg L.Gregg L. Semenza |
Handke, PeterPeter Handke |
Ahmed, AbiyAbiy Ahmed |
Banerjee, AbhijitAbhijit Banerjee; Duflo, EstherEsther Duflo; Kremer, MichaelMichael Kremer |
2020 |
Penrose, RogerRoger Penrose; Genzel, ReinhardReinhard Genzel; Ghez, AndreaAndrea Ghez |
Charpentier, EmmanuelleEmmanuelle Charpentier; Doudna, JenniferJennifer Doudna |
Alter, Harvey J.Harvey J. Alter; Houghton, MichaelMichael Houghton; Rice, Charles M.Charles M. Rice |
Glück, LouiseLouise Glück |
Världslivsmedelsprogrammet |
Milgrom, PaulPaul Milgrom; Wilson, Robert B.Robert B. Wilson |
2021 |
Manabe, SyukuroSyukuro Manabe; Hasselmann, KlausKlaus Hasselmann; Parisi, GiorgioGiorgio Parisi |
List, BenjaminBenjamin List; MacMillan, DavidDavid MacMillan |
Julius, DavidDavid Julius; Patapoutian, ArdemArdem Patapoutian |
Gurnah, AbdulrazakAbdulrazak Gurnah |
Ressa, MariaMaria Ressa; Muratov, DmitrijDmitrij Muratov |
Card, DavidDavid Card; Angrist, JoshuaJoshua Angrist; Imbens, GuidoGuido Imbens |
2022 |
Aspect, AlainAlain Aspect; Clauser, JohnJohn Clauser; Zeilinger, AntonAnton Zeilinger |
Bertozzi, CarolynCarolyn Bertozzi; Meldal, MortenMorten Meldal; Sharpless, Karl BarryKarl Barry Sharpless |
Pääbo, SvanteSvante Pääbo |
Ernaux, AnnieAnnie Ernaux |
Bjaljatski, AlesAles Bjaljatski; Memorial; Center for Civil Liberties |
Bernanke, BenBen Bernanke; Diamond, Douglas W.Douglas W. Diamond; Dybvig, Philip H.Philip H. Dybvig |
2023 |
Agostini, PierrePierre Agostini; Krausz, FerencFerenc Krausz; L'Huillier, AnneAnne L'Huillier |
Bawendi, MoungiMoungi Bawendi; Brus, Louis E.Louis E. Brus; Ekimov, AleksejAleksej Ekimov |
Weissman, DrewDrew Weissman; Karikó, KatalinKatalin Karikó |
Fosse, JonJon Fosse |
Mohammadi, NargesNarges Mohammadi |
Goldin, ClaudiaClaudia Goldin |
År |
Fysik |
Kemi |
Fysiologi eller medicin |
Litteratur |
Fred |
Ekonomi |