-na

See also: Appendix:Variations of "na"

Languages (32)

English

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Albanian • Aymara • Curripaco • Czech • Estonian • Finnish • Garo • Hadza • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Ilocano • Ingrian • Irish • Kambera • Laboya • Laz • Madurese • Makasar • Maltese • Maori • Murui Huitoto • Old English • Old Norse • Old Polish • Polish • Quechua • Scots • Swedish • Taos • Uneapa • Volapük

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Page categories

English

Suffix

-na

1. (Mid-Ulster) -n't
   • 1892, William Carleton, Amusing Irish Tales:

     Balgruntie wasna that—

2. (slang, on a verb) -ing to (with infinitive); indicates the grammatical present continuous active mood

   I'm tryna (trying to) figure this one out.

Anagrams

• A/N, An, an', -an, an, AN, an-, a(n)

Albanian

Etymology

Related to unë (“I”) and maybe further to ne (“we”).

Pronunciation

• (Gheg) IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix

-na

1. Gheg form of -em, the mediopassive first-person singular indicative present ending.

   bëhem／bâhna (“to become, turn into”)

   zbehem／zbehna (“to turn pale”)

2. Gheg form of -mi, the active first-person plural indicative present ending.

   (ne) kena shumë punë për me bo.

   we have much work to do

Aymara

Suffix

-na

1. possessive marker

Curripaco

Suffix

-na

1. third person plural patient marker

References

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ na]

Suffix

-na f (noun-forming suffix)

1. from nouns forms nouns referring to places

   ‎prodej + ‎-na → ‎prodejna

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -na

Further reading

• -na in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Estonian

Suffix

-na

1. Forms the essive case.

Usage notes

• The suffix is appended to the genitive stem or an appropriate plural stem.

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-na, from the Proto-Uralic locative case ending *-na.

Suffix

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä, linguistic notation -nA)

1. Forms the essive case.

   eräänä kauniina aamuna ― on a beautiful morning

   Ennen pidit minua kauniina.

   You used to think I was beautiful.

Usage notes

• The suffix is appended to the same stem as the illative suffixes, and also the partitive singular often uses the same stem.
• See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the essive case is used.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -na (essive)

• -nnoin

 

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-na, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-na.

Suffix

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä, linguistic notation -nA)

1. Forms action nouns from certain verbs, mainly related to sound, whose first infinitive ends in -sta.

   ‎kutista (“to itch”) + ‎-na → ‎kutina (“itching”)

2. Forms some diminutive nouns.

Alternative forms

• -ina (reanalyzed into its own suffix)

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -na (nominal)

• -nainen
• -ne

 

Anagrams

• -an

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-na

1. (inflectional suffix) forms the dative case
2. reason

   Maina na·a rel gariko sraprikjaha?

   For what reason did you not catch the train?

See also

• -ni (“forms genitive”)
• -ko (“forms accusative”)
• -chi (“forms instrumental”)
• -no (“forms locative”)

Hadza

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix

-na

1. a locative suffix

   ‎hama (3rd person masculine singular proximal pronoun) + ‎-na → ‎hamana (“here”)

   ‎bee (3rd person feminine plural given pronoun) + ‎-na → ‎beena (“there”)

   ‎himiggê (3rd person masculine singular invisible pronoun) + ‎-na → ‎himiggêna (“in/behind there”)

Hawaiian

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Per the -na entry at Wehewehe, there's also a passive suffix -na, as well as some kind of possessive suffix -na, both from Proto-Polynesian *-na.”

From Proto-Polynesian *-ŋa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/, [nə]

Suffix

-na

1. Common nominalizing suffix, sometimes with shortening of a long vowel in the base.

   ʻai → ʻaina

   piʻi → piʻina

Derived terms

Hawaiian terms suffixed with -na

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɒ]

Suffix

-na

1. (conditional suffix) Forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).

   ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-na → ‎olvasna (“he/she would read”)

Usage notes

Person		Back     vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-nék
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anék	-enék
te	2nd person singular	-nál	-nél
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anál	-enél
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	-na	-ne
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-ana	-ene
mi	1st person plural	-nánk	-nénk
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anánk	-enénk
ti	2nd person plural	-nátok	-nétek
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anátok	-enétek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nának	-nének
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anának	-enének
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

    Conditional indefinite – personal endings

• (conditional suffix) Variants:

  -na is added to most back vowel verbs

  ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-na → ‎várna (“he/she would wait”)

  -ne is added to most front vowel verbs

  ‎kér (“to ask”) + ‎-ne → ‎kérne (“he/she would ask”)

  -ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions: áll, száll, varr, forr, lát)

  ‎mond (“to say something”) + ‎-ana → ‎mondana (“he/she would say something”)

  ‎tanít (“to teach”) + ‎-ana → ‎tanítana (“he/she would teach”)

  -ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t

  ‎fest (“to paint”) + ‎-ene → ‎festene (“he/she would paint”)

  ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-ene → ‎segítene (“he/she would help”)

See also

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Pronoun

-na (pronoun-forming suffix)

1. Third-person singular ergative enclitic pronoun; he, she, it

   Kayatna ti mangan. ― He/she/it wants to eat.

2. Third-person singular possessive marker; his, her, its

   Naimas ti makanna. ― His/her/its food is delicious.

3. Fossilized enclitic of some adverbials or auxiliary verbs

   Rebbengna nga addaka ditoy. ― You should be here.

   Kasla nga awan inggana ti utangna. ― His/her debt seems to be endless.

4. Referential pronoun used in existential or relative clauses; the (adjective) (ones), those who, the ones who

   Tulongantayo dagiti awan balayna. ― Let's help the homeless. (Let's help those who do not have homes.)

   Naupay uray dagiti napigsa ti pakinakemna. ― Even the strong-willed (ones) became disheartened.

See also

Person	Number	Absolutive		Ergative	Oblique	Possessive
		Disjunctive	Enclitic	Enclitic3		bági form	kukua form
First	singular	siak	-ak	-ko, -k	kaniak	bagik	kukuak, kuak
	dual	data, sita1	-ta		kaniata, kadata	bagita	kukuata
	plural inclusive	datayo, sitayo1	-tayo, -tay		kaniatayo, kadatayo	bagitayo	kukuatayo
	plural exclusive	dakami, sikami1	-kami, -kam	-mi	kaniami, kadakami	bagimi	kukuami
Second	singular	sika	-ka	-mo, -m	kaniam, kenka	bagim	kukuam
	plural	dakayo, sikayo1	-kayo, -kay	-yo	kaniayo, kadakayo	bagiyo	kukuayo
Third	singular	isu, isuna	Ø2	-na	kaniana, kenkuana	bagina	kukuana
	plural	isuda	-da		kaniada, kadakuada	bagida	kukuada
1Regional variants. 2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used. 3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.
Fused enclitics Actor Patient siak data datayo dakami sika dakayo isu5 isuda siak bagik4 — — — -ka -kayo -ko, -k -ko ida, -k ida data — bagita4 — — — — -ta -ta ida datayo — — bagitayo4 — — — -tayo -tayo ida dakami — — — bagimi4 -daka -dakayo -mi -mi ida sika -nak — — -nakami bagim4 — -mo, -m -mo ida, -m ida dakayo -dak -data — -dakami — bagiyo4 -yo -yo ida isu -nak -nata -natayo -nakami -naka -nakayo bagina4, -na -na ida isuda -dak -data -datayo -dakami -daka -dakayo -da bagida4, -da ida 4Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form. 5 isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

Ilocano personal pronouns

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-na. Cognates include Finnish -na.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-nɑ/, [-nɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-nɑ/, [-nɑ]

Suffix

-na (front vowel variant -nä)

1. Used to form place names.
2. Used to form action nouns from certain verbs related to sounds: -ing
3. Used to form nouns that resembles a smaller version of the suffixed noun: -y

Declension

Declension of -na (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	-na	-nat
genitive	-nan	-nniin
partitive	-nnaa	-nnia
illative	-nnaa	-nnii
inessive	-nas	-nis
elative	-nast	-nist
allative	-nalle	-nille
adessive	-nal	-nil
ablative	-nalt	-nilt
translative	-naks	-niks
essive	-nanna, -nnaan	-ninna, -nniin
exessive1)	-nant	-nint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -na

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n̪ˠə/, /nˠə/

Suffix

-na

1. Alternative form of -ne (used after velarized consonants and back vowels)

See also

Person	After a broad consonant	After a slender consonant
1 sg.	-sa	-se
2 sg.
3 sg. m.	-san	-sean
3 sg. f.	-sa	-se
1 pl.	-na	-ne -e (after nn in pronouns)
2 pl.	-sa	-se
3 pl.	-san	-sean
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object.

Irish emphatic suffixes

Kambera

Pronoun

-na

1. third person singular genitive enclitic

See also

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Kambera pronominal clitics

Laboya

Pronoun

-na

1. third person singular subject enclitic
2. third person singular possessive enclitic

See also

	Subject	Subject/Possessive	Object
Person
1sg	gu-	-gu	-ga
2sg	mu-	-mu	-gu
3sg	na-	-na	-ni
1pl.incl	da-	-da	-da
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-gama
2pl	mi-	-mi	-gimi
3pl	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

Laboya pronominal clitics

Laz

Suffix

-na

1. Latin spelling of -ნა (-na)

Madurese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nia, from Proto-Austronesian *nia. Compare Indonesian -nya, which also has similar function.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix

-na

1. the (definite article)
2. his, her, its (third-person possessive)
3. 's (genitive case)

   bukuna Siti

   Siti's book (lit. "Siti his book")

Usage notes

• When suffixed to consonant-final words, it is then assimilated to that consonant.
  • labâng (“door”) → labângnga
• When suffixed to word ending in unvoiced stops (p, t, k), the assimilated consonants either become aspirated (bbh, ddh, ggh) or being retained by some speakers (pp, tt, kk). As a rule, -a following voiced consonants become -â.
  • kothak (“box”) → kothagghâ, kothakka

Further reading

• Davies, W. D. (2010) A Grammar of Madurese‎, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton

Makasar

Alternative forms

• -nna

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nia, from Proto-Austronesian *nia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [na]

Suffix

-na (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨊ)

1. his, her, its, their (third person singular and plural)

See also

	Independent	Absolutive	Nominative	Possessive
1st sg / 1st pl excl	nakke	-a'	ku-	-ku
1st pl excl (archaic)	kambe	-kang	ki-	-mang
1st pl incl / 2nd sg polite	katte	-ki'	ki-	-ta
2nd sg / pl familiar	kau	-ko	nu-	-nu
3rd sg / pl	ia	-i	na-	-na

Makasar free and bound pronouns

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ـنَا (-nā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix

-na m or f

2. 1st-person plural pronominal suffix: our; us

   Synonym: (only in possessive use) tagħna

   ‎jinsa (“he forgets”) + ‎-na → ‎jinsiena (“he forgets us”)

   ‎dar (“home”) + ‎-na → ‎darna (“our home”)

Related terms

• aħna

 

Maori

Suffix

-na

1. Used in contractions with particles of possession of third person pronouns.
2. a passive ending

Derived terms

Maori terms suffixed with -na

See also

			singular	dual	plural
1st person (exclusive)			au, ahau	māua	mātou
1st person (inclusive)				tāua	tātou
2nd person			koe	kōrua	koutou
3rd person			ia	rāua	rātou

Maori personal pronouns

Murui Huitoto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-na]

Etymology 1

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -na and Nüpode Huitoto -na.

Classifier

-na

1. Classifier for trees.

Derived terms

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -na

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-na

1. Alternative form of -a

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-na

1. hypothetical conditional of -de

References

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎, Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), pages 197, 134

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɑ/

Suffix

-na

1. imperative singular of -nian

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *-inōną.

Suffix

-na

1. Used to form inchoative verbs from adjectives or strong verbs

Conjugation

infinitive	-na
present participle	-nandi
past participle	-naðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	-na	-naða
2nd-person singular	-nar	-naðir
3rd-person singular	-nar	-naði
1st-person plural	-num	-nuðum
2nd-person plural	-nið	-nuðuð
3rd-person plural	-na	-nuðu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	-na	-naða
2nd-person singular	-nir	-naðir
3rd-person singular	-ni	-naði
1st-person plural	-nim	-naðim
2nd-person plural	-nið	-naðið
3rd-person plural	-ni	-naði
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	-na
1st-person plural	-num
2nd-person plural	-nið

Conjugation of -na — active (weak class 2)

Derived terms

Old Norse terms suffixed with -na

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂ and *-ōnǫ̂, genitive plural endings of weak neuter and feminine nouns.

Suffix

-na

1. Used to form the genitive plural of some weak feminine and neuter nouns

   hjarta → hjartna

   saga → sagna

Etymology 3

Suffix

-na

1. inflection of -inn (adjective suffix):
   1. positive degree strong feminine accusative singular
   2. positive degree strong masculine accusative plural
   3. positive degree weak masculine oblique singular
   4. positive degree weak feminine nominative singular
   5. positive degree weak neuter singular
2. inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
   1. strong feminine accusative singular
   2. strong masculine accusative plural
   3. weak masculine oblique singular
   4. weak feminine nominative singular
   5. weak neuter singular
3. inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):
   1. feminine accusative singular
   2. masculine accusative plural

Old Polish

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /naː/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /nɒ/

Suffix

-na f

1. forms feminine adjective-like nouns

Derived terms

Old Polish terms suffixed with -na

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish -na, from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophone: na

Suffix

-na f

1. forms feminine adjective-like nouns -ess

   Synonym: -ka

   ‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna

2. forms feminine adjective-like nouns meaning "wife of"

   Synonym: -owa

   ‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	-na	-ne/-ny
genitive	-nej/-ny	-nych/-en/-n
dative	-nej/-nie	-nym/-nom
accusative	-ną/-nę	-ne/-ny
instrumental	-ną	-nymi/-nami
locative	-nej/-nie	-nych/-nach
vocative	-no	-ne/-ny

Declension of -na

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -na

Quechua

Not to be confused with -ña

Suffix

-na

1. Nominalizer, future perfect participle.

   ‎llamk'ay (“to work”) + ‎-na → ‎llamk'ana (“work to be done; tool”)

   ‎mikhuy (“to eat”) + ‎-na → ‎mikhuna (“food, meal”)

Derived terms

Quechua terms suffixed with -na

See also

• -spa
• -sqa

Scots

Alternative forms

• -nae

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-nə/, /-nɪ/

Suffix

-na

1. -n't

   didna ("did not")

   canna ("can not")

   daurna ("dare not")

   michtna ("might not")

Swedish

Etymology 1

From the plural of Old Norse hinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem. Usually corresponds to Danish, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk -ne.

Alternative forms

• -a (used for fourth-declension nouns)
• -en (used for fifth-declension nouns not ending in -are)
• -ne (archaic, masculine)

Suffix

-na

1. Marker of definiteness on nouns in the plural (except for nouns of the fourth and some of the fifth declension).

   ‎stolar (“chairs”) + ‎-na → ‎stolarna (“the chairs”)

   ‎lärare (“teachers”) + ‎-na → ‎lärarna (“the teachers”)

Usage notes

• In earlier Swedish, the suffix -na was only used for feminine nouns, while -ne was used for masculine nouns, thus "stenarne" (definite of stenar) and "kvinnorna" (definite of kvinnor) were used alongside each other. In attempts to try to produce archaic language, the suffix is sometimes changed to -ne in all positions, producing historically incorrect forms like "kvinnorne".

Etymology 2

From Old Norse -na, from Proto-Germanic *-naną.

Suffix

-na

1. -en; Used with some adjectives or verbal stems to form inchoative verbs

   ‎trött (“tired”) + ‎-na → ‎tröttna (“to tiren, become tired”)

Usage notes

Inchoative verb

The suffix -na may be analysed as two morphemes (-n (inchoative verb stem) + -a (infinitive)). Traditionally the a's near the ends of the Swedish first declension verb forms have been regarded as part of the suffixes, but nowadays it is more common to see it described as part of the stems of these verbs, since all endings not beginning with an a are extinct or considered heavily archaic.

Derived terms

Swedish terms suffixed with -na

Anagrams

• -an, an, an-

Taos

Suffix

-na

1. Singular number inflection. (See also: -ną, -nemą, -ne.)

Uneapa

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *-ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-nia, from Proto-Austronesian *-nia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na/

Suffix

-na

1. A third-person singular possessive suffix.

Further reading

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

Volapük

Suffix

-na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.