辟
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 闢
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Han character
辟 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 尸口卜廿十 (SRYTJ), four-corner 70641, composition ⿰𡰪辛)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1251, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38642
- Dae Jaweon: page 1730, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4037, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8F9F
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 嬖 | *peːɡs |
| 薜 | *beːɡs, *preːɡ |
| 鐾 | *beːɡs |
| 臂 | *peɡs |
| 譬 | *pʰeɡs |
| 避 | *beɡs |
| 檗 | *preːɡ |
| 擘 | *preːɡ |
| 糪 | *preːɡ, *pʰreːɡ |
| 掰 | *preːɡ |
| 繴 | *breːɡ, *peːɡ |
| 辟 | *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ |
| 璧 | *peɡ |
| 鐴 | *peɡ |
| 躄 | *peɡ |
| 襞 | *peɡ |
| 僻 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
| 癖 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
| 廦 | *pʰeɡ, *peːɡ |
| 擗 | *beɡ |
| 躃 | *beɡ |
| 闢 | *beɡ |
| 壁 | *peːɡ |
| 鼊 | *peːɡ |
| 霹 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 劈 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 澼 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 憵 | *pʰeːɡ |
| 甓 | *beːɡ |
| 鷿 | *beːɡ |
| 幦 | *mbeːɡ |
In the oracle bone script, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 䇂 (“sickle-like tool”) – to administer; to regulate; to punish.
〇 was sometimes added, though its function is disputed:
- Lin (1920) suggests that it represents “bind; restrain”.
- Luo (1927) suggests that it is the original character for 璧 (OC *peɡ, “jade annulus”) and that 辟 is the early form of 璧, with 〇 as the semantic component and ⿰卩䇂 as the phonetic component. Chi (2010), based on this theory, proposes that 〇 acted as a phonetic component in 辟 instead.
- Yu (1999) suggests that it is a decorative component with no meaning.
〇 was later corrupted into 口 or 日. Shuowen interprets 口 as representing the enforcer of the law.
In the bronze script from the Warring States period, forms where 䇂 is corrupted to 辛 begin to appear (Chi, 2010).
Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闢 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956 due to homophony and shared semantic fields.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bì
- Wade–Giles: pi4
- Yale: bì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
- Palladius: би (bi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bik1
- Yale: bīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: bik7
- Guangdong Romanization: big1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiah
- Tâi-lô: phiah
- Phofsit Daibuun: phiaq
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiaʔ⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiaʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
- Tâi-lô: pik
- Phofsit Daibuun: peg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
- Tâi-lô: piak
- Phofsit Daibuun: piag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
- Tâi-lô: phik
- Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiak
- Tâi-lô: phiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: phiag
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- phiah - vernacular (“to avoid”);
- pek/piak, phek/phiak - literary.
- Middle Chinese: bjiek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤek/, /*[N]-pek/, /*pek/
- (Zhengzhang): /*peɡ/, /*beɡ/
Definitions
辟
- (literary) monarch; sovereign
- 惟辟作福，惟辟作威，惟辟玉食。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
- Wéi bì zuòfú, wéi bì zuòwēi, wéi bì yùshí. [Pinyin]
- It belongs only to the sovereign to confer dignities and rewards, to display the terrors of majesty, and to receive the revenues (of the kingdom).
- (literary) government official; minister
- (literary) to rule; to govern
- (literary) crime
- to summon; to appoint to an official position
- to remove; to drive out
- (literary) to avoid; to hide; to dodge
- alt. forms: 避 (bì)
- 若以君之靈，得反晉國，晉楚治兵，遇於中原，其辟君三舍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Ruò yǐ jūn zhī líng, dé fǎn Jìn guó, Jìn Chǔ zhì bīng, yù yú zhōngyuán, qí bì jūn sān shè. [Pinyin]
- If by your lordship's powerful influence I shall recover the State of Jin, should Chu and Jin go to war and meet in the plain of the Middle Land, I will withdraw from your lordship three stages [each of 30 li].
若以君之灵，得反晋国，晋楚治兵，遇于中原，其辟君三舍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 儒有內稱不辟親，外舉不辟怨。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Rú yǒu nèi chēng bù bì qīn, wài jǔ bù bì yuàn. [Pinyin]
- The scholar recommends members of his own family (to public employment), without shrinking from doing so, because of their kinship.
儒有内称不辟亲，外举不辟怨。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) lame in the leg
- alt. forms: 躄 (bì)
Compounds
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pi2 / pie2
- Cantonese (Jyutping): pik1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): bieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): pĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): bĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7phiq; 7piq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pi6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pì
- Wade–Giles: pʻi4
- Yale: pì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pih
- Palladius: пи (pi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pi2 / pie2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pi / pie
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi²¹/, /pʰiɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pik1
- Yale: pīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: pik7
- Guangdong Romanization: pig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phit
- Hakka Romanization System: pidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pid5
- Sinological IPA: /pʰit̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: bieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /piʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
- Tâi-lô: phik
- Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiak
- Tâi-lô: phiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: phiag
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pʰiak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pêg4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phek
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰek̚²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: pi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: phjiek
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰeɡ/
Definitions
辟
- (literary) law; (specifically) penal code
- 夏有亂政而作《禹刑》，商有亂政而作《湯刑》，周有亂政而作《九刑》。三辟之興，皆叔世也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Xià yǒu luànzhèng ér zuò “Yǔ xíng”, Shāng yǒu luànzhèng ér zuò “Tāng xíng”, Zhōu yǒu luànzhèng ér zuò “Jiǔxíng”. Sān pì zhī xīng, jiē shūshì yě. [Pinyin]
- When the government of Xia had fallen into disorder, the penal code of Yu was made; under the same circumstances of Shang, the penal code of Tang; and in Zhou, the code of the nine punishments:—those three codes all originated in ages of decay.
夏有乱政而作《禹刑》，商有乱政而作《汤刑》，周有乱政而作《九刑》。三辟之兴，皆叔世也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to open
- to open up
- 欲辟土地，朝秦楚，蒞中國而撫四夷也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě. [Pinyin]
- You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.
欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to make an analogy
- alt. forms: 譬 (pì)
- (literary) to thump one's chest
- alt. forms: 擗 (pǐ)
- (literary) to show bias; to be partial
- 所謂齊其家在修其身者：人之其所親愛而辟焉，之其所賤惡而辟焉，之其所畏敬而辟焉，之其所哀矜而辟焉，之其所敖惰而辟焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Suǒwèi qí qí jiā zài xiū qí shēn zhě: rén zhī qí suǒ qīn'ài ér pì yān, zhī qí suǒ jiànwù ér pì yān, zhī qí suǒ wèi jìng ér pì yān, zhī qí suǒ āijīn ér pì yān, zhī qí suǒ áoduò ér pì yān. [Pinyin]
- What is meant by "The regulation of one's family depends on the cultivation of his person is this:-men are partial where they feel affection and love; partial where they despise and dislike; partial where they stand in awe and reverence; partial where they feel sorrow and compassion; partial where they are arrogant and rude.
所谓齐其家在修其身者：人之其所亲爱而辟焉，之其所贱恶而辟焉，之其所畏敬而辟焉，之其所哀矜而辟焉，之其所敖惰而辟焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) remote
- alt. forms: 僻
- (literary) eccentric; perverted
- alt. forms: 僻
- 命市納賈，以觀民之所好惡，志淫好辟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Mìng shì nà jià, yǐ guān mín zhī suǒ hàowù, zhì yín hào pì. [Pinyin]
- [O]rdered the superintendents of markets to present (lists of prices), that he might see what the people liked and disliked, and whether they were set on extravagance and loved what was bad.
命市纳贾，以观民之所好恶，志淫好辟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) a tool for catching animals
- alt. forms: 繴 (bì)
Compounds
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 辟 – see 闢 (“to open; to settle; to develop; to open up”). (This character is the simplified form of 闢). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 辟 – see 弭 (“to stop; to put an end to; to remove; bow decorated with bone or ivory at the ends; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 弭). |
Etymology 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of 辟 – see 僻 (“to avoid; to evade; unorthodox; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 僻). |
Notes:
|
Kanji
辟
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Hanja
辟 • (baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi) (hangeul 백, 벽, 피, 비, 미, revised baek, byeok, pi, bi, mi, McCune–Reischauer paek, pyŏk, p'i, bi, mi, Yale payk, pyek, phi, pi, mi)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Han character
辟: Hán Nôm readings: vếch, tích, bích, thịch, tịch, phích, thí
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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