Etymology 1
From Anglo-Norman somoundre, from Old French sumundre, from Latin summonēre, itself from sub + monēre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *monéyeti, causative from *men- (“to think”).
Verb
summon (third-person singular simple present summons, present participle summoning, simple past and past participle summoned)
- (transitive) To call people together; to convene.
2007, John Zerzan, Silence:Silence is primary, summoning presence to itself; so it's a connection to the realm of origin.
- (transitive) To ask someone to come; to send for.
1995, Explorers & Discoverers, volume 2, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 753:The cousins separated, and Nain Singh joined a caravan posing as a merchant. This time he crossed the border successfully. Singh eventually entered Jih-k’a-tse, the second-largest city in Tibet. It was in Jih-k’a-tse that he was summoned to meet the country’s second-highest religious authority, the Panchen Lama, who turned out to be only 11 years old.
- To order (goods) and have delivered
2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in The Guardian:You can summon groceries, alcohol and medicines to your home: chips and vodka on New Year’s Eve, say, and then aspirin on New Year’s Day.
- (transitive) To rouse oneself to exert a skill.
- Synonyms: summon up, muster, muster up
1866, Pierre Bigandet, The Life or Legend of Gaudama, the Buddha of the Burmese, with annotations and notice on the Phongyies or Burmese monks, page 396:For securing the attainment of what he considered to be a most desirable end, he summoned all his abilities with a most praiseworthy energy and perseverance.
- 2011, Sister Louise Sweigart, cgs, Joseph: A Guiding Light, Inspiring Voices →ISBN, page 61
- Joseph needed to summon all his reserve to keep his self-control, for no sooner had Asa voiced his request than Joseph recalled his remark to Aaron about a child being given to this couple in lieu of their giving Mary to him.
- November 2 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Sergio Agüero strike wins derby for Manchester City against 10-man United," guardian.co.uk
- City will feel nonplussed when they review the tape and Pellegrini had to summon all his restraint in the post-match interviews.
- (fantasy, transitive) To call a resource by magic.
2010, Kay Hooper, The Wizard of Seattle, Fanfare, →ISBN:“Why won't you teach me to summon water? I can summon fire so easily, it's only logical that I should learn to put out my mistakes.”
- (law, transitive) To summons; convene.
Conjugation
More information infinitive, present tense ...
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Translations
to call people together
- Bulgarian: свиквам (bg) (svikvam)
- Catalan: cridar (ca)
- Czech: svolat
- Dutch: bijeenroepen (nl)
- Egyptian: (ꜥš)
- Finnish: kutsua koolle
- French: convoquer (fr), convier (fr)
- German: zusammenrufen (de)
- Greek: καλώ (el) (kaló)
- Hebrew: זִמֵּן (he) (zimmén)
- Hungarian: összehív (hu)
- Italian: chiamare (it), raccogliere (it), convocare (it), riunire (it), adunare (it)
- Japanese: 召集する (shōshū suru)
- Latin: vocō (la), arcessō, adhibeo (la)
- Maori: tūtū
- Polish: wzywać (pl)
- Portuguese: convocar (pt)
- Romanian: convoca (ro)
- Russian: сзыва́ть (ru) impf (szyvátʹ), созвать (ru) pf (sozvatʹ), призыва́ть (ru) impf (prizyvátʹ), призва́ть (ru) pf (prizvátʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian: sazvati (sh)
- Slovene: sklicati
- Spanish: convocar (es), llamar (es), reunir (es), citar (es)
- Swedish: sammankalla (sv)
- Ukrainian: склика́ти impf (sklykáty), скли́кати pf (sklýkaty)
- Uyghur: چاقىرتماق (chaqirtmaq), چاقىرماق (ug) (chaqirmaq)
- Zulu: -biza
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to ask someone to come
- Arabic: يَسْتَحْضِر m (yastaḥḍir), يَسْتَدْعِي m (yastadʕī)
- Bulgarian: викам (bg) (vikam), каня (bg) (kanja)
- Catalan: citar (ca)
- Czech: přivolat
- Dutch: ontbieden (nl), oproepen (nl)
- Esperanto: voki
- Finnish: kutsua (fi)
- French: convoquer (fr), convier (fr)
- Galician: chamar por (gl), convocar
- German: herbeirufen (de), (by means of magic) beschwören (de)
- Hungarian: odahív (hu), odarendel (hu), hív (hu), hívat (hu), rendel (hu), kéret (hu), behív (hu), behívat (hu), berendel (hu), bekéret (hu)
- Italian: chiamare (it), mandare (it) a (it) chiamare (it), convocare (it)
- Japanese: 呼び出す (ja) (yobidasu)
- Latin: vocō (la), arcessō
- Maori: tūtū
- Norwegian: tilkalle
- Portuguese: convocar (pt)
- Romanian: convoca (ro), chema (ro)
- Russian: звать (ru) impf (zvatʹ), позва́ть (ru) pf (pozvátʹ), вызыва́ть (ru) impf (vyzyvátʹ), вы́звать (ru) pf (výzvatʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian: dozvati (sh), prizvati (sh)
- Slovene: pozvati
- Spanish: llamar (es), citar (es)
- Swedish: inbjuda (sv)
- Telugu: రప్పించు (te) (rappiñcu)
- Ukrainian: виклика́ти (uk) impf (vyklykáty), ви́кликати (uk) pf (výklykaty)
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law: to order someone to appear in court
- Bulgarian: призовавам (bg) (prizovavam)
- Catalan: citar (ca)
- Czech: předvolat (cs)
- Finnish: kutsua (fi), haastaa (fi)
- French: convoquer (fr), citer à comparaître (to order someone to appear in court: citer quelqu’un à comparaître; to order someone to appear in court: citer à comparaître en justice)
- Galician: emprazar
- German: vorladen (de)
- Middle High German: vürladen
- Old High German: foraladōn, furiladōn
- Hungarian: idéz (hu), beidéz (hu), megidéz (hu)
- Italian: convocare (it), citare (it) in (it) giudizio (it), intimare (it)
- Japanese: 召喚する (shōkan suru), 出頭を命ずる (shuttō o meizuru)
- Latin: convoco, arcessō
- Maori: hāmene
- Portuguese: convocar (pt), intimar (pt)
- Russian: вызыва́ть (ru) impf (vyzyvátʹ), вы́звать (ru) pf (výzvatʹ)
- Serbo-Croatian: prizvati (sh)
- Spanish: citar (es)
- Ukrainian: виклика́ти (uk) impf (vyklykáty), ви́кликати (uk) pf (výklykaty)
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to rouse oneself to exert a skill
to call a resource by magic
Translations to be checked
Noun
summon (plural summons)
- (video games) A creature magically summoned to do the summoner's bidding.
2023 October 30, Nyah Payne, “Baldur's Gate 3: Best Summons, Ranked”, in Gamerant:Conjuration magic in Baldur's Gate 3 allows players to summon a variety of helpful creatures […] These summons can assist players in combat and exploration, providing strategic advantages with their unique abilities.
- call, command, order (Can we add an example for this sense?)
- quoted in 2013, Robin Sterling, People and Things from the Cullman, Alabama Tribune 1898-1913 (page 172)
- The deceased was 58 years of age, was the picture of health even five or six hours prior to his death, when suddenly the grim messenger came with a summon from a Higher Tribunal, calling him to duties above.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Malay saman (“fine, financial penalty”), which is itself borrowed from English summons (“notice summoning someone to appear in court”). This sense re-emerged in English as summon likely due to the erroneous belief that the original singular English word summons is plural. Doublet of summons and saman.