bone
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /bəʊn/
- (General American) enPR: bōn, IPA(key): /boʊn/
Audio (General American): (file) - (General Australian) IPA(key): /bəʉn/
Audio (General Australian): (file) - (New Zealand) IPA(key): /bɐʉn/
- Rhymes: -əʊn
Etymology 1
From Middle English bon, from Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).
Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bien (“bone”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian and Icelandic bein (“bone”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈 (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence Middle English bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.
Alternative forms
Noun
bone (countable and uncountable, plural bones)
- (uncountable) A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
- a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie.", London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:
- Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.
- (countable) Any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 275, column 1:
- No Trophee, Sword, nor Hatchment o're his bones.
- A bone of a fish; a fishbone.
- A bonefish.
- 2019, Scott Sadil, “Tres Bocas”, in California Fly Fisher:
- The reason I rarely fish for Mag Bay bones with a 5-weight or 6-weight is the number of fish that can turn light stuff inside out.
- One of the rigid parts of a corset that forms its frame, the boning, originally made of whalebone.
- One of the fragments of bone held between the fingers of the hand and rattled together to keep time to music.
- Anything made of bone, such as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.
- (figurative) The framework of anything.
- An off-white colour, like the colour of bone.
- bone:
- (US, informal, in the plural) A dollar.
- (American football, informal) The wishbone formation.
- (slang) An erect penis; a boner.
- 2003, “Let Me Watch”, in Vaudeville Villain, performed by Viktor Vaughn ft. Apani B. Fly:
- Speakin' on the phone, for hours on end / On the bone from just listenin', and then:
- (slang, chiefly in the plural) A domino or die.
- Let's head to the casino and roll them bones!
- 1899 (please specify the page), Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part:
- The Accountant had brought out already a box of dominoes, and was toying architecturally with the bones.
- (slang) A cannabis cigarette; a joint.
- 2006, Sean Conway, Gillis Huckabee, page 140:
- In between sets I took her outside, sat against a fence near the dumpster, and smoked a bone with her.
- (figurative) A reward.
- 1979, Pink Floyd, Nobody Home:
- When I'm a good dog they sometimes throw me a bone in
Synonyms
- os (medicine)
- (rigid parts of a corset): rib, stay
- (reward): doggy treat
Hypernyms
Hyponyms
- aitchbone
- alveolar bone
- armbone
- auditory bone
- backbone
- barebone
- breastbone
- calf bone
- cannon bone
- capitate bone
- carpal bone
- cheekbone
- chevron bone
- coffin bone
- collarbone
- cramp bone
- crazy bone
- cuboid bone
- cuneiform bone
- cuttlebone
- cuttlefish bone
- dentary bone
- dermal bone
- dog bone
- dragonbone
- dry bone
- earbone
- elbow bone
- epipubic bone
- ethmoid bone
- exercise bone
- featherbone
- fingerbone
- fishbone
- footbone
- forearm bone
- frontal bone
- funny bone
- hamate bone
- haunch bone
- heel bone
- herringbone
- hip bone
- huckle bone
- hyoid bone
- incisive bone
- inferior turbinate bone
- innominate bone
- intermediate cuneiform bone
- jawbone
- knucklebone
- lacrimal bone
- lateral cuneiform bone
- legbone
- lingual bone
- long bone
- lunate bone
- malar bone
- marrowbone
- marsupial bone
- mastoid bone
- medial cuneiform bone
- membrane bone
- metacarpal bone
- nasal bone
- navicular bone
- neckbone
- occipital bone
- oracle bone
- otic bone
- palatine bone
- parietal bone
- penile bone
- penis bone
- pin bone
- pisiform bone
- pizza bone
- plate bone
- pneumatic bone
- point the bone
- pubic bone
- pull bone
- pulley bone
- quadrate bone
- ridgebone
- roofing bone
- rostral bone
- scaphoid bone
- semilunar bone
- sesamoid bone
- shinbone
- shoulder bone
- sit bone
- skullbone
- soup bone
- sphenoid bone
- splenial bone
- splint bone
- squamosal bone
- stirrup bone
- tailbone
- tarsal bone
- T-bone
- temporal bone
- tongue bone
- trapezium bone
- trapezoid bone
- triquetral bone
- turbinate bone
- vomer bone
- wishbone
- Wormian bone
- wristbone
- yellow bone
- zygomatic bone
Derived terms
- aitch-bone
- all skin and bones
- anklebone
- arm bone
- back-bone
- bad to the bone
- bag of bones
- bare-bones
- bladebone
- boneache
- bone age
- bone apple tea
- bone-ash
- bone ash
- bonebed
- boneblack
- bone black
- bone cancer
- bone char
- bone-chilling
- bone china
- bone-cruncher
- bone-crunching
- bone-crushing dog
- boned
- bone-deep
- bone density
- bonedigger
- bonedog
- bonedome
- bone-dry
- bone dry
- bone earth
- bone-eating snot flower worm
- bone-fire
- bone fire
- bonefish
- bone folder
- bone graft
- bone-grubber
- bone hard
- bone-hard
- bone head
- bonehead
- boneheaded
- boneheadedly
- boneheadedness
- bonehouse
- bone-house wasp
- bone-idle
- bone idle
- bone-in
- bone in her teeth
- bone in one's body
- bone in the throat
- bonejarring
- bone lace
- boneless
- bonelessness
- bonelet
- bonelike
- bone loss
- bone marrow
- bone mass
- bone-meal
- bone meal
- bone mineral density
- bone morphogenetic protein
- bone-mouth
- bone of contention
- bone oil
- bone-on
- bone-picker
- bone pointing
- boner
- bone scan
- boneseed
- bone seeker
- boneseeker
- bone-seeker
- boneset
- bonesetter
- bonesetting
- bone-shaker
- boneshaker
- bone-shaking
- boneshaking
- bone-shakingly
- Bonesman
- bone smashing
- bone spavin
- bone spur
- bone-straight
- bone structure
- bone-tired
- bone tired
- bone tissue
- bone to pick
- bone turquoise
- bone up
- boneware
- bone wax
- bonework
- boneyard
- bony
- breakbone
- break-bones
- breast bone
- bred-in-the-bone
- breed in the bone
- brittle bone disease
- browbone
- canon bone
- chavel-bone
- cheek bone
- cheek-bone
- chew the meat and spit out the bones
- chickenboner
- chill to the bone
- chinbone
- close to the bone
- collar bone
- collar-bone
- cross-bone
- crossbones
- cross-bones
- cuboidal bone
- dog and bone
- dogbone
- dog bone spanner
- dog bone wrench
- dry as a bone
- falling off the bone
- flesh and bone
- flesh and bones
- flesh on the bones
- folding-bone
- folding bone
- glass bone disease
- God's bones
- good-luck bone
- greenbone
- hambone
- haunch-bone
- have a bone in one's leg
- have a bone to pick
- H bone
- heelbone
- herring-bone
- holy bone
- in one's bones
- intrabone
- Ishango bone
- jaw-bone
- jaw bone
- jump one's bones
- keep one's bone green
- knitbone
- lachrymal bone
- lazy bones
- like a bulldog with a bone
- like a dog with a bone
- Longbone
- lucky-bone
- make no bones about
- make old bones
- make one's bones
- meat on the bones
- membrane-bone
- Murphy-Lane bone skid
- Napier's bones
- natch-bone
- near the bone
- no bones about it
- nonbone
- oracle bone script
- Paget's disease of bone
- pare to the bone
- pedal bone
- phantom bone disease
- ploughshare bone
- prone-bone
- radial bone
- rag and bone man
- rag-and-bone man
- rag and bone shop
- rag-and-bone shop
- rattle the bones
- raven's bone
- raw-head and bloody-bones
- redbone
- rickle of bones
- rider's bone
- ridge-bone
- ring-bone
- ringbone
- romancing the bone
- ruel-bone
- sawbones
- shackle-bone
- shankbone
- shank-bone
- sharebone
- sidebone
- skin and bone
- skin and bones
- skull and bones
- Smallbone
- soaked to the bone
- soaked to the bones
- spadebone
- speal-bone
- splinter bone
- spoke-bone
- St. Hugh's bones
- sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me
- tail bone
- tau bone
- t-bone
- T-bone steak
- telling bone
- thighbone
- throw a bone to
- throw someone a bone
- tickle someone's funny bone
- Tilly bone
- to one's bone
- to one's bones
- toss a bone to
- toss someone a bone
- toss them a bone
- to the bone
- to the bones
- triquetrum bone
- twitter-bone
- tympanic bone
- underbone
- what's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh
- whirl-bone
- wishing bone
- with every bone in one's body
- work one's fingers to the bone
Translations
Adjective
bone (not comparable)
- Of an off-white colour, like the colour of bone.
Verb
bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)
- To prepare (meat, etc) by removing the bone or bones from.
- 1949, Kenneth Lewis Roberts, I Wanted to Write, page 44:
- One of the fish stalls specialized in boning shad, and he who has never eaten a boned shad baked twenty minutes on a hot oak plank has been deprived of the most delicious morsel that the ocean yields.
- 1977, Prosper Montagné, Charlotte Snyder Turgeon, The New Larousse Gastronomique, page 73:
- The ballottine is made of a piece of meat, fowl, game or fish which is boned, stuffed, and rolled into the shape of a bundle. The term ballottine should strictly apply only to meat, boned and rolled, but not stuffed.
- To fertilize with bone.
- 1859 July 9, The Economist, page 758:
- He cites an instance of land heavily boned 70 years ago as “still markedly luxuriant beyond any other grass land in the same district.”
- To put whalebone into.
- 1871, Figure-Training:
- Having my stays very fully boned and fitted with shoulder-straps.
- (civil engineering) To make level, using a particular procedure; to survey a level line.
- (vulgar, slang, usually of a man, transitive, intransitive) To have sexual intercourse (with).
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:copulate, Thesaurus:copulate with
- Related terms: boned, boner
- 1894, Catullus, translated by Leonard C. Smithers, The Carmina of Gaius Valerius Catullus, section 58:
- O Memmius, well and slowly did you bone me, supine, day by day, with the whole of that beam.
- 1993, “Back Seat (of My Jeep)”, in 14 Shots to the Dome, performed by LL Cool J:
- We’re bonin’ on the dark blocks / Wearin’ out the shocks, wettin’ up the dashboard clock
- 1997, “It's All About the Benjamins”, in No Way Out, performed by Puff Daddy:
- Stash in the buildin wit this chick named Alona / From Daytona, when I was young I wants to bone her
- 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 153:
- We were sitting in the student union between classes, and I had just been trying to decide which one of them I was gonna bone first that night.
- 2006, “Sick of it all”, in Masta Ace (lyrics), Pariah:
- […] These cats stay rapping about cars they don't own / I am sick of rappers bragging about models they don't bone
- 2007, Stacey Deddo, The Elimination Special, Part II: The Elimination (Drawn Together), season 3, episode 14, spoken by The Jew Producer (James Arnold Taylor), via Comedy Central:
- When we return we'll find out which one of our six remaining contestants' dreams will be totally ruined, like your mom's reputation after I bone her face.
- 2007, Reno Mounties (Reno 911!), season 4, episode 11, spoken by Deputy Cherisha Kimball (Mary Birdsong), via Comedy Central:
- I swear on the good book that if you pull through, I will bone Travis Junior.
- (Australia, dated, in Aboriginal culture) To perform “bone pointing”, a ritual that is intended to bring illness or even death to the victim.
- 1962, Arthur Upfield, The Will of the Tribe, Collier Books, page 48:
- “You don’t know!”, Bony echoed. “You can tell me who boned me fifteen years ago on the other side of the world, and you can’t tell me who killed the white-fella in the Crater”.
- (usually with "up") To study.
- 1896, Burt L. Standish, Frank Merriwell's Chums:
- “I know it. You do not study.” “What’s the use of boning all the time! I wasn’t cut out for it.”
- To polish boots to a shiny finish.
- c. 1980, F. van Zy, SADF National Service (1979-1980), archived from the original on 22 June 2004:
- […] the permanent boning (excessive polishing) of boots by recruits […]
- To nag, especially for an unpaid debt.
- 1950, Asphalt Jungle:
- Dix Handley: Don’t bone me!
Cobby: Now look, I’m not boning you, Dix—
Dix: Did I ever welsh?
Cobby: Nobody said you did—
Dix: You just boned me!
Derived terms
Translations
to remove bones
|
slang: have sexual intercourse with
|
Adverb
bone (not comparable)
- Used before an adjective as an intensifier
- 1979 December 22, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 2, number 22, page 18:
- GWF, well almost anyway, 40, bone-lonely, desperately needs a friend in Southern Maine.
See also
Further reading
Etymology 2
Unknown; probably related in some way to Etymology 1, above.
Verb
bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)
- (transitive, slang) To apprehend, steal.
- 1839, Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, page 127:
- “Did I?” said Squeers, “Well it was rather a startling thing for a stranger to come and recommend himself by saying that he knew all about you, and what your name was, and why you were living so quiet here, and what you had boned, and who you had boned it from.”
- 1915, William Roscoe Thayer, The Life and Letters of John Hay:
- […] as long as you and I live I take it for granted that you will not suspect me of boning them. But to guard against casualties hereafter, I have asked Nicolay to write you a line saying that I have never had in my possession or custody any of the papers which you entrusted to him.
- 1936, J.R.R. Tolkien, “The Root of the Boot”, in Songs for the Philologists:
- But troll's old seat is much the same,
And the bone he boned from its owner
- 1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 802:
- Therefore she wants to take results that belong to other people: she wants to bone everybody else's loaf.
Etymology 3
Borrowed from French bornoyer (“to look at with one eye, to sight”), from borgne (“one-eyed”).
Verb
bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)
Etymology 4
Noun
bone (plural bones)
References
- Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Bone”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.: Hurd and Houghton […], →OCLC.
Anagrams
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