市

See also: 帀, and 巿

市	U+5E02, 市 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E02

← 币
[U+5E01]

CJK Unified Ideographs

布 →
[U+5E03]

More information Stroke order ...

Stroke order

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Alternative forms

Note that the Ming typeface used in Japan and Korea as well as the Kangxi dictionary uses a vertical dot for the upper component of 亠 which is slightly different from modern Chinese scripts which uses a slanting 丶 dot for the upper component of 亠 in 市.

Han character

市 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜中月 (YLB), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿱丶帀 or ⿱亠巾)

Derived characters

姉, 𢘥, 柿, 肺, 鈰(铈), 𪲬, 𬽖, 𠆴, 𢄂, 鬧/閙(闹)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 328, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8775
Dae Jaweon: page 632, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 729, character 5
Unihan data for U+5E02

Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 巿 (U+5DFF), which has only four strokes and is written with 一 across the top of 巾.

More information simp. and trad. ...

simp. and trad.		市

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Wikipedia has an article on:

市

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 市, Western Zhou ...

Historical forms of the character 市
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

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Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯʔ) : semantic 兮 (“bustling”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ).

Etymology

Possibly related to Proto-Tai *z.ɟɯːꟲ (“to buy”), whence Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	市
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時止切
Baxter	dzyiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ʑiə^X/
Wang Li	/ʑĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si⁶

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More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	市
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[d]əʔ/
English	market (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	市
Reading #	1/1
No.	11611
Phonetic component	市
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	市
Old Chinese	/*djɯʔ/

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Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шы (šɨ, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): si⁴ / si^4*
Gan (Wiktionary): si⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ

(Hailu, HRS): shi^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): si⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): si³
Northern Min (KCR): chī
Eastern Min (BUC): chê
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ci⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhī / chhǐ / sī / sǐ

(Teochew, Peng'im): ci⁶
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶zy
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr⁵ / shr⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴
  - Yale: shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шы (šɨ, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: si⁵
  - Yale: síh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: si⁴ / si^4*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²¹/, /si²¹⁻²¹⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: si⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shi^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃi³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: si³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛi²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ci⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhī
  - Tâi-lô: tshī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chi
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǐ
  - Tâi-lô: tshǐ
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡sʰi³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰi²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
  - Tâi-lô: sī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: si
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /si³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐ
  - Tâi-lô: sǐ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /si²²/

Note:

chhī/chhǐ - vernacular;
sī/sǐ - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ci⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zy
  - MiniDict: zy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zz̩²³¹/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: shr⁵ / shr⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²¹/, /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sz̩²¹/, /sz̩⁴⁵/

Note:

shr5 - vernacular;
shr4 - literary.

Middle Chinese: dzyiX

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[d]əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*djɯʔ/

Definitions

市

city; town
market; fair
to trade; to do business
to buy
to sell
(Cantonese) market situation; especially the stock market
(Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) business situation (buy and sell of goods)

Compounds

上市 (shàngshì)
三藩市 (Sānfānshì)
三街六市
不利市
予市 (Yǔshì)
互市 (hùshì)
亥市
人肉市場／人肉市场 (rénròu shìchǎng)
休市 (xiūshì)
假日花市
六街三市
公超市
公開市場／公开市场
共同市場／共同市场
利市 (lìshì)
利市三倍
匯市／汇市 (huìshì)
千金市骨
南門市場／南门市场
吳市吹簫／吴市吹箫
吹簫吳市／吹箫吴市
單一市場／单一市场
土市
坊市 (fángshì)
城市 (chéngshì)
城市山林
城市病 (chéngshìbìng)
城市網絡／城市网络
墟市 (xūshì)
壟斷市場／垄断市场
外匯市場／外汇市场
多頭市場／多头市场
夜市 (yèshì)
夜市場／夜市场
大市
大發利市／大发利市
大陸市場／大陆市场
大隱朝市／大隐朝市
夯市
奔走如市
女市
姊妹市 (zǐmèishì)
室怒市色
宮市／宫市
寶珠市餅／宝珠市饼
小市
小市民 (xiǎoshìmín)
尚市 (Shàngshì)
就業市場／就业市场
巴拿馬市／巴拿马市 (Bānámǎ Shì)
市不二價／市不二价
市不豫價／市不豫价
市中心 (shìzhōngxīn)
市井 (shìjǐng)
市井之人
市井之徒 (shìjǐngzhītú)
市井之臣
市井小人
市井小民
市井無賴／市井无赖 (shìjǐngwúlài)
市人
市俗
市價／市价 (shìjià)
市儈／市侩 (shìkuài)
市內／市内 (shìnèi)
市公所
市區／市区 (shìqū)
市地重劃／市地重划
市場／市场 (shìchǎng)
市場區隔／市场区隔
市場深化／市场深化
市場調查／市场调查 (shìchǎng diàochá)
市容 (shìróng)
市尺 (shìchǐ)
市平
市府 (shìfǔ)
市廛
市招
布拉薩市／布拉萨市
市政 (shìzhèng)
市政府 (shìzhèngfǔ)
市斤 (shìjīn)
市曹 (shìcáo)
市朝
市歡／市欢
市民 (shìmín)
市民農園／市民农园
市況／市况 (shìkuàng)
市無二價／市无二价
市畝／市亩
市立 (shìlì)
市肆 (shìsì)
市舶司 (shìbósī)
市花 (shìhuā)
市虎
市街
市語／市语
市議會／市议会 (shìyìhuì)
市道 (shìdào)
市道交
市郊 (shìjiāo)
市鎮／市镇 (shìzhèn)
市鑰／市钥
市長／市长 (shìzhǎng)
市隱／市隐
市集 (shìjí)
市面 (shìmiàn)
市食
市駿／市骏
年市
店頭市場／店头市场
彌市／弥市 (Míshì)
後市／后市
應市／应市 (yìngshì)
打市語／打市语
投杼市虎
批發市場／批发市场 (pīfā shìchǎng)
招搖過市／招摇过市 (zhāoyáoguòshì)
拆放市場／拆放市场
抬行市
招財利市／招财利市
搶市／抢市
撐市面／撑市面
撻市／挞市
攙行奪市／搀行夺市
收市 (shōushì)
新市 (Xīnshì)
新市鎮／新市镇 (xīnshìzhèn)
暴屍於市／暴尸于市 (bàoshīyúshì)
曉市／晓市 (xiǎoshì)
書市／书市 (shūshì)
曹市 (Cáoshì)
𣍐赴市／𫧃赴市 (bē-hù-chhī) (Min Nan)
有行無市／有行无市 (yǒuhángwúshì)
朝市
朝遷市變／朝迁市变
本市 (běnshì)
東京股市／东京股市
東市／东市
東市朝衣／东市朝衣
果菜市場／果菜市场
柴市
梅市 (Méishì)
棄市／弃市 (qìshì)
楊林市／杨林市 (Yánglínshì)
榮譽市民／荣誉市民
橋市／桥市 (Qiáoshì)
橫溝市／横沟市 (Hénggōushì)
欺行霸市 (qīhángbàshì)
歐市／欧市
歸市／归市
毛市 (Máoshì)
水市 (Shuǐshì)
沙市 (Shāshì)
河市
泡麵市場／泡面市场
海上都市
海市蜃樓／海市蜃楼 (hǎishìshènlóu)
涴市 (Yuānshì)
港市 (gǎngshì)
滿市街／满市街
潛山隱市／潜山隐市
燒利市／烧利市
燈市／灯市
燕市酒人
營口市／营口市
現貨市場／现货市场
瓦市
發利市／发利市
發市／发市
監市履狶／监市履狶
直轄市／直辖市 (zhíxiáshì)
看淡後市／看淡后市
省轄市／省辖市 (shěngxiáshì)
科威特市
秦市 (Qínshì)
簡市／简市 (Jiǎnshì)
米市
糠市
綁赴市曹／绑赴市曹 (bǎngfùshìcáo)
網市／网市 (Wǎngshì)
縣轄市／县辖市
罷市／罢市 (bàshì)
羊市 (Yángshì)
股市 (gǔshì)
股票市場／股票市场 (gǔpiào shìchǎng)
胡志明市 (Hú Zhìmíng Shì)
臣門如市／臣门如市
自治都市
自由市
自由市場／自由市场 (zìyóu shìchǎng)
自貢市／自贡市
自選市場／自选市场
花市 (huāshì)
苗栗市
草市
茶市 (cháshì)
茶馬市／茶马市
菜市 (càishì)
菜市口 (Càishìkǒu)
菜市場／菜市场
董市 (Dǒngshì)
蚌埠市
蜃樓海市／蜃楼海市
行市 (hángshì)
街市 (jiēshì)
街河市 (Jiēhéshì)
街頭市尾／街头市尾
衛星都市／卫星都市 (wèixīng dūshì)
衡陽市／衡阳市
襄樊市
要市
觀光夜市／观光夜市
觀者如市／观者如市
證券市場／证券市场
貨幣市場／货币市场 (huòbì shìchǎng)
買市／买市
資市／资市 (Zīshì)
資本市場／资本市场 (zīběn shìchǎng)
超級市場／超级市场 (chāojí shìchǎng)
趁頭市／趁头市
趕市／赶市
跳蚤市場／跳蚤市场
躉售市場／趸售市场
都市 (dūshì)
都市之肺
都市化 (dūshìhuà)
都市家具
都市病 (dūshìbìng)
都市計畫／都市计画
金融市場／金融市场 (jīnróng shìchǎng)
銀市／银市
錢市／钱市
門如市／门如市
門市／门市 (ménshì)
門庭若市／门庭若市 (méntíngruòshì)
開封市／开封市
開市／开市 (kāishì)
開市大吉／开市大吉
院轄市／院辖市
隨行就市／随行就市
集市 (jíshì)
雙核都市／双核都市
雙聯市／双联市
雲陽市／云阳市
零售市場／零售市场
面市 (miànshì)
韓市呼天／韩市呼天
香市
鬧市／闹市 (nàoshì)
鬼市子
魚市／鱼市 (yúshì)
鴿市／鸽市
黑市 (hēishì)

Kanji

市

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: じ (ji)
Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
Kun: いち (ichi, 市, Jōyō)

Compounds

Derived terms

Etymology 1

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
市
いち Grade: 2
kun'yomi

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From Old Japanese 市 (ichi). Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いち [íꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [it͡ɕi]

Noun

市(いち) • (ichi)

a market, a marketplace
a place where a lot of people gather
(less commonly) a town, a city

Etymology 2

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
市
し Grade: 2
on'yomi

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Suffix

市(し) • (-shi)

city

Usage notes

When compounding, similar to 都 (-to), 道 (-dō), 府 (-fu), 県 (-ken) and 町 (chō), makes the accent fall on the 自立拍 (jiritsuhaku, “autonomous mora”) immediately before itself. For example:

大阪 (おおさか) + 市 → 大阪市 (おおさかꜜし)
佐久 (さく) + 市 → 佐久市 (さくꜜし)
仙台 (せꜜんだい) + 市 → 仙台市 (せんだꜜいし; い is a 特殊拍 (tokushuhaku, “special mora”), therefore accentless)
五條 (ごꜜじょう) + 市 → 五條市 (ごじょꜜうし; う is a 特殊拍 (tokushuhaku, “special mora”), therefore accentless)
日進 (にꜜっしん) + 市 → 日進市 (にっしꜜんし; ん is a 特殊拍 (tokushuhaku, “special mora”), therefore accentless)

References

[1]
Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
[2]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 市 (MC dzyiX).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 씽〯 (Yale: ssǐ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 시〯 (sǐ) (Yale: sǐ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɕʰi(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [시(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

市

Wikisource 市 (eumhun 저자 시 (jeoja si))

hanja form^? of 시 (“market”)
hanja form^? of 시 (“city; town”)

Compounds

Derived terms

도시 (都市, dosi)
시장 (市長, sijang, “mayor”)
시장 (市場, sijang, “market”)
시청 (市廳, sicheong, “city hall”)
시민 (市民, simin, “citizen”)
시립 (市立, sirip, “municipal”)
평양 시 (平壤市, Pyeong'yangsi, “Pyongyang city”)
인천 시 (仁川市, Incheonsi, “Incheon city”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Han character

市: Hán Nôm readings: thị

(only in compounds) market
(only in compounds) city

Compounds

[KDJ-1] [1]
Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] [2]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]