賴
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
賴 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木中弓月金 (DLNBC) or 木中尸竹金 (DLSHC), four-corner 51986, composition ⿰束⿱刀貝(HTJK) or ⿰束負(C))
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1210, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36861
- Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3651, character 11
- Unihan data for U+8CF4
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 賴 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : phonetic 剌 (OC *raːd) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”) – to profit.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nai4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lai5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): lai3
- Northern Min (KCR): lāi
- Eastern Min (BUC): lâi
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lua5 / lai5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6la; 6le
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lai4 / lai5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lài
- Wade–Giles: lai4
- Yale: lài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
- Palladius: лай (laj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /laɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nai4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lai
- Sinological IPA (key): /nai²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laai6
- Yale: laaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: laai6
- Guangdong Romanization: lai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːi̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lai
- Hakka Romanization System: lai
- Hagfa Pinyim: lai4
- Sinological IPA: /lai̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: lai˖
- Sinological IPA: /lai³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: lai3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /lai⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lâi
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ɑi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lua5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lua²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- lua5 - vernacular;
- lai5 - literary (incl. surname).
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nōa
- Tâi-lô: nuā
- Phofsit Daibuun: noa
- IPA (Xiamen): /nuã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāi
- Tâi-lô: lāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: lai
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lai⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lai²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nāi
- Tâi-lô: nāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: nai
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nãi³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /nãi²²/
- lōa/nōa - vernacular (incl. surname);
- lāi/nāi - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lua7 / nai6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: luā / năi
- Sinological IPA (key): /lua¹¹/, /nai³⁵/
- (Teochew)
- lua7 - vernacular;
- nai6 - literary.
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: lajH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*rˤa[t]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*raːds/
Definitions
賴
- to rely; to depend on
- to accuse falsely
- shameless; impudent; cheeky; brazen
- (colloquial) bad
- to hang on in a place; to drag out one's stay in a place
- to disavow; to deny
- to falsely incriminate
- to blame; to put the blame upon
- a surname
- 賴清德／赖清德 ― Lài Qīngdé ― Lai Ching-te (Taiwanese politician)
Synonyms
- (to rely):
- 仗恃 (zhàngshì) (literary, chiefly derogatory)
- 仰仗 (yǎngzhàng)
- 仰賴／仰赖 (yǎnglài)
- 依 (yī)
- 依仗 (yīzhàng)
- 依倚 (Hokkien)
- 依恃 (yīshì) (literary)
- 依歸／依归 (yīguī) (literary)
- 依託／依托 (yītuō)
- 依賴／依赖 (yīlài)
- 依附 (yīfù)
- 依靠 (yīkào)
- 倚仗 (yǐzhàng)
- 倚倚 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 借助 (jièzhù)
- 倚賴／倚赖 (yǐlài)
- 倚靠 (yǐkào)
- 寄 (jì)
- 展品棒 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 怙恃 (hùshì) (literary)
- 憑／凭 (píng)
- 憑仗／凭仗 (píngzhàng)
- 憑依／凭依 (píngyī)
- 憑借／凭借 (píngjiè)
- 憑恃／凭恃 (píngshì)
- 憑靠／凭靠 (píngkào)
- 指 (zhǐ)
- 據／据
- 歸依／归依 (guīyī) (literary)
- 聊 (liáo) (formal)
- (bad):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 惡 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 壞, 賴 |
| Taiwan | 壞 | |
| Malaysia | 壞 | |
| Singapore | 壞 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 壞, 孬, 賴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瞎, 壞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 壞 |
| Wuhan | 壞, 拐 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 壞 |
| Hefei | 壞 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 壞, 弊, 衰 |
| Hong Kong | 壞, 衰 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 衰 | |
| Yangjiang | 壞 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 衰 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 衰 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 壞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 壞 |
| Wuhua (Meilin) | 衰 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 賴, 壞 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 壞, 獰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 呆, 否 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹, 䆀 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 歹 | |
| Quanzhou | 歹 | |
| Jinjiang | 歹 | |
| Nan'an | 歹 | |
| Shishi | 歹 | |
| Zhangzhou | 䆀 | |
| Zhao'an | 䆀, 孬 | |
| Tainan | 歹 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 䆀, 歹 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Datian | 歹 | |
| Chaozhou | 孬 | |
| Shantou | 孬 | |
| Jieyang | 孬, 歹 | |
| Puning | 孬 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 歹, 孬 | |
| Leizhou | 㾀 | |
| Wenchang | 㾀 | |
| Haikou | 㾀 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 㾀 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 壞, 恘 |
| Suzhou | 壞, 恘 | |
| Ningbo | 歪, 推扳, 嘸做 | |
| Wenzhou | 毛 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 壞, 拐 |
| Shuangfeng | 壞, 拐 | |
- 倚賴／倚赖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
- 彎鬱／弯郁 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 攻擊／攻击 (gōngjī)
- 栽贓／栽赃 (zāizāng)
- 毀謗／毁谤 (huǐbàng)
- 污蔑 (wūmiè)
- 潑髒水／泼脏水 (pō zāng shuǐ) (figurative)
- 瘄污 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 詆毀／诋毁 (dǐhuǐ)
- 誣告／诬告
- 誣害／诬害 (wūhài)
- 誣捏／诬捏 (ŭ-niĕk) (Eastern Min)
- 誣枉／诬枉 (wūwǎng)
- 誣蔑／诬蔑 (wūmiè)
- 誣賴／诬赖 (wūlài)
- 誣陷／诬陷 (wūxiàn)
- 誹謗／诽谤 (fěibàng)
- 謠諑／谣诼 (yáozhuó) (literary)
- 讒害／谗害 (chánhài)
- (to blame):
- 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
- 叱罵／叱骂 (chìmà)
- 叱責／叱责 (chìzé)
- 吆喝 (colloquial)
- 呲 (cī)
- 呲兒／呲儿 (cīr)
- 呵叱 (hēchì)
- 呼喝 (hūhè) (literary)
- 呲打 (cīda) (Northeastern Mandarin)
- 呵斥 (hēchì)
- 呵責／呵责 (hēzé) (literary)
- 喝叱
- 嗔怪 (chēnguài) (literary)
- 嗔著／嗔着 (chēnzhe) (colloquial)
- 怒 (nù) (Classical Chinese)
- 怪 (guài)
- 怨怪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 怪罪 (guàizuì)
- 批評／批评 (pīpíng)
- 指摘 (zhǐzhāi)
- 指斥 (zhǐchì)
- 指責／指责 (zhǐzé)
- 指點／指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
- 捋 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 摘 (literary, or in compounds)
- 撻伐／挞伐 (tàfá) (literary, figurative)
- 數落／数落 (shǔluo) (informal)
- 數說／数说 (shǔshuō)
- 斥斥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 斥罵／斥骂 (chìmà)
- 斥責／斥责 (chìzé)
- 歸咎／归咎 (guījiù)
- 歸罪／归罪 (guīzuì)
- 派
- 激勵／激励 (jīlì) (literary)
- 熊 (xióng) (colloquial)
- 申斥 (shēnchì)
- 痛罵／痛骂 (tòngmà)
- 聲討／声讨 (shēngtǎo)
- 訓／训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 訓斥／训斥 (xùnchì)
- 詬病／诟病 (gòubìng) (literary)
- 說／说
- 說話／说话 (shuōhuà)
- 謗議／谤议 (bàngyì) (literary)
- 譴責／谴责 (qiǎnzé)
- 責備／责备 (zébèi)
- 責怪／责怪 (zéguài)
- 責罵／责骂 (zémà)
- 責難／责难 (zénàn)
- 貶斥／贬斥 (biǎnchì) (literary)
- 貶責／贬责 (biǎnzé)
- 非議／非议 (fēiyì)
- 非難／非难 (fēinàn)
- 體斥／体斥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
Compounds
- 不賴／不赖 (bùlài)
- 二賴子／二赖子
- 仗賴／仗赖
- 仰賴／仰赖 (yǎnglài)
- 何聊賴／何聊赖
- 依賴／依赖 (yīlài)
- 依賴性／依赖性 (yīlàixìng)
- 信賴／信赖 (xìnlài)
- 倚賴／倚赖 (yǐlài)
- 倚賴性／倚赖性
- 兩賴子／两赖子
- 南賴／南赖 (Nánlài)
- 叨賴／叨赖
- 圖賴／图赖
- 對賴／对赖
- 展賴／展赖
- 市井無賴／市井无赖 (shìjǐngwúlài)
- 庇賴／庇赖
- 廝賴／厮赖
- 悔賴／悔赖
- 惡叉白賴／恶叉白赖
- 惡賴／恶赖
- 憊賴／惫赖
- 打白賴／打白赖
- 托賴／托赖
- 抵賴／抵赖 (dǐlài)
- 撇賴／撇赖
- 撒賴／撒赖 (sālài)
- 放賴／放赖
- 有賴／有赖 (yǒulài)
- 死乞白賴／死乞白赖 (sǐqibáilài)
- 死氣白賴／死气白赖
- 死求白賴／死求白赖
- 死皮賴臉／死皮赖脸 (sǐpílàiliǎn)
- 沒皮賴臉／没皮赖脸
- 派賴／派赖
- 涎皮賴臉／涎皮赖脸 (xiánpílàiliǎn)
- 混賴／混赖
- 潑皮無賴／泼皮无赖
- 潑皮賴虎／泼皮赖虎
- 潑賴／泼赖
- 無聊賴／无聊赖 (wúliáolài)
- 無賴／无赖 (wúlài)
- 狡賴／狡赖 (jiǎolài)
- 白賴／白赖
- 百無聊賴／百无聊赖 (bǎiwúliáolài)
- 皮賴歪派／皮赖歪派
- 磨賴／磨赖
- 端賴／端赖
- 耍無賴／耍无赖 (shuǎ wúlài)
- 耍賴／耍赖 (shuǎlài)
- 耍賴皮／耍赖皮 (shuǎ làipí)
- 聊賴／聊赖 (liáolài)
- 胡賴／胡赖
- 託賴／托赖
- 訛賴／讹赖
- 誣賴／诬赖 (wūlài)
- 賴債／赖债
- 賴圖／赖图
- 賴婚／赖婚
- 賴子／赖子
- 賴學／赖学
- 賴帳／赖帐 (làizhàng)
- 賴床／赖床 (làichuáng)
- 賴極皮／赖极皮
- 賴比瑞亞／赖比瑞亚 (Làibǐruìyà)
- 賴皮／赖皮 (làipí)
- 賴索托／赖索托 (Làisuǒtuō)
- 賴肉頑皮／赖肉顽皮
- 賴衣求食／赖衣求食
- 賴詐／赖诈
- 賴詞兒／赖词儿
- 賴賴趖／赖赖趖 (lōa-lōa-sô) (Min Nan)
- 賴骨頑皮／赖骨顽皮
- 辯賴／辩赖
- 達賴喇嘛／达赖喇嘛 (dálài lǎma)
- 頑皮賴骨／顽皮赖骨
References
- “Entry #11941”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- “賴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Same word as 瀨 "to pass (urine or feces) involuntarily"?”)
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: laai6
- Yale: laaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: laai6
- Guangdong Romanization: lai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /laːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
賴 (Cantonese)
- to leave behind; to forget to bring
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lài
- Wade–Giles: lai4
- Yale: lài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
- Palladius: лай (laj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /laɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
賴
- (Taiwan, colloquial) Line (an instant messaging software)
| 頼 | |
| 賴 |
Kanji
賴
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 頼)
Readings
Hanja
賴 (eumhun 힘 입을 뢰 (him ibeul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 힘 입을 뇌 (him ibeul noe))
Han character
賴: Hán Nôm readings: lại, nái, trái
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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