歹
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 歺
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Han character
歹 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一弓戈 (MNI), four-corner 10207, composition ⿱一夕)
- Kangxi radical #78, ⽍.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 578, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16359
- Dae Jaweon: page 969, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1379, character 14
- Unihan data for U+6B79
- Unihan data for U+FA95
Glyph origin 1
| Historical forms of the character 歹 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
Pictogram (象形) - human remains. The top component of 餐 still preserves the intermediate variant 歺.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaat6 / aat3
- Yale: ngaaht / aat
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaat9 / aat8
- Guangdong Romanization: ngad6 / ad3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːt̚²/, /aːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- Middle Chinese: ngat
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːd/
Definitions
歹
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jing
- Wade–Giles: ching1
- Yale: jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
歹
Glyph origin 2
Disputed:
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): daai2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tái
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5te
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǎi
- Wade–Giles: tai3
- Yale: dǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dae
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /taɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дэ (de, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: daai2
- Yale: dáai
- Cantonese Pinyin: daai2
- Guangdong Romanization: dai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /taːi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tái
- Hakka Romanization System: daiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dai3
- Sinological IPA: /tai̯³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Definitions
歹
Compounds
- 三好兩歹／三好两歹
- 不分好歹
- 不知好歹 (bùzhīhǎodǎi)
- 不識好歹／不识好歹 (bùshíhǎodǎi)
- 作好作歹
- 作歹 (zuòdǎi)
- 低歹
- 作歹為非／作歹为非
- 做好做歹
- 口歹
- 好共歹
- 好歹 (hǎodǎi)
- 好說歹說／好说歹说
- 心歹
- 忙古歹
- 惡歹子／恶歹子
- 放歹
- 有個好歹／有个好歹
- 杭好杭歹
- 歹不中
- 歹事 (dǎishì)
- 歹事頭／歹事头
- 歹人 (dǎirén)
- 歹做出
- 歹口
- 歹命
- 歹婆娘
- 歹徒 (dǎitú)
- 歹徒橫行／歹徒横行
- 歹心 (dǎixīn)
- 歹意 (dǎiyì)
- 歹戲拖棚／歹戏拖棚
- 歹毒 (dǎidú)
- 歹生活
- 歹話／歹话
- 歹鬥／歹斗
- 歹鬥毛／歹斗毛
- 沒好沒歹／没好没歹
- 為非作歹／为非作歹 (wéifēizuòdǎi)
- 無道歹／无道歹
- 生非作歹
- 知好歹
- 莽古歹
- 詭歹／诡歹
- 說好嫌歹／说好嫌歹
- 說好說歹／说好说歹
- 賴歹／赖歹
Etymology 4
Unclear. It has been suggested that it could be related to 否 (pǐ, “evil”) or 痞 (pǐ, “rascal; evil”).
Pronunciation
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phái
- Tâi-lô: phái
- Phofsit Daibuun: phae
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰai⁵³/
- IPA (Singapore): /pʰai⁴²/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /pʰai⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pai2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phái
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰai⁵²/
Definitions
歹
- (Hokkien, Teochew) bad; wicked; evil
- 歹勢／歹势 [Hokkien] ― pháiⁿ-sè [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― excuse me (lit. bad feeling)
- (Hokkien) to become bad; to break down
- (Hokkien) to be fierce
- (Hokkien) to cause something to be harmed or damaged
- (Hokkien) difficult; hard (to do something)
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 惡 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 壞, 賴 |
| Taiwan | 壞 | |
| Malaysia | 壞 | |
| Singapore | 壞 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 壞, 孬, 賴 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 瞎, 壞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 壞 |
| Wuhan | 壞, 拐 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 壞 |
| Hefei | 壞 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 壞, 弊, 衰 |
| Hong Kong | 壞, 衰 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 衰 | |
| Yangjiang | 壞 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 衰 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 衰 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 壞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 壞 |
| Wuhua (Meilin) | 衰 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 賴, 壞 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 壞, 獰 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 呆, 否 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 歹, 䆀 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 歹 | |
| Quanzhou | 歹 | |
| Jinjiang | 歹 | |
| Nan'an | 歹 | |
| Shishi | 歹 | |
| Zhangzhou | 䆀 | |
| Zhao'an | 䆀, 孬 | |
| Tainan | 歹 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 䆀, 歹 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Datian | 歹 | |
| Chaozhou | 孬 | |
| Shantou | 孬 | |
| Jieyang | 孬, 歹 | |
| Puning | 孬 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 歹, 孬 | |
| Leizhou | 㾀 | |
| Wenchang | 㾀 | |
| Haikou | 㾀 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 㾀 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 壞, 恘 |
| Suzhou | 壞, 恘 | |
| Ningbo | 歪, 推扳, 嘸做 | |
| Wenzhou | 毛 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 壞, 拐 |
| Shuangfeng | 壞, 拐 | |
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 壞 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 壞 |
| Malaysia | 壞 | |
| Singapore | 壞 | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 壞 |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 壞 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 壞 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 壞 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 壞 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 壞 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 壞 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 壞 | |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 歹 GT |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 歹 | |
| Wu | Ningbo | 壞, 嘸做 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
Compounds
- 做歹
- 好歹 (hó-pháiⁿ) (Min Nan)
- 拍歹
- 𣍐歹／𫧃歹
- 歹人 (pháiⁿ-lâng) (Min Nan)
- 歹代
- 歹價／歹价
- 歹剃頭／歹剃头
- 歹勢／歹势 (pháiⁿ-sè) (Min Nan)
- 歹吉兆
- 歹命
- 歹命人
- 歹喙
- 歹喙斗
- 歹囝
- 歹天
- 歹年冬
- 歹徒 (pháiⁿ-tô͘) (Min Nan)
- 歹心 (dǎixīn)
- 歹性地
- 歹意 (dǎiyì)
- 歹手爪
- 歹扭搦
- 歹日
- 歹款
- 歹死
- 歹𤆬頭／歹𤆬头
- 歹物
- 歹物仔
- 歹症頭／歹症头
- 歹癖
- 歹看
- 歹看相
- 歹看面
- 歹睏／歹困
- 歹積德／歹积德
- 歹空
- 歹竹出好筍／歹竹出好笋 (pháiⁿ tek chhut hó sún) (Min Nan)
- 歹紡／歹纺
- 歹聲嗽／歹声嗽
- 歹聽／歹听
- 歹育飼／歹育饲
- 歹腹肚
- 歹話／歹话
- 歹講／歹讲
- 歹路
- 歹運／歹运
- 歹銅舊錫／歹铜旧锡
- 歹面
- 歹面相看
- 歹食 (pháiⁿ-chia̍h) (Min Nan)
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dai
- Wade–Giles: tai1
- Yale: dāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dai
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /taɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
歹
- Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”)
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǎi
- Wade–Giles: tai3
- Yale: dǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dae
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /taɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
歹
- (used by Miao people) I, you
References
- “Entry #817”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- The template Template:R:nan:thcwda does not use the parameter(s):
1=297
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.“(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫, Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013. - Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
- Chinese Linguipedia
Kanji
歹
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
Hanja
歹 • (al, dae) (hangeul 알, 대, revised al, dae, McCune–Reischauer al, tae, Yale al, tay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Han character
歹: Hán Nôm readings: ngạt, đãi, ngặt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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