夕
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
夕 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈 (NI), four-corner 27200, composition ⿴𠂊丶)
- Kangxi radical #36, ⼣.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5749
- Dae Jaweon: page 487, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 859, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5915
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 夕 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) — moon crescent. Compare to its ancient variant 月. Both are unrelated to 多, in which it represents two pieces of meat.
Etymology 1
Related to 汐 (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening tide”).
Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak (“day; full day; to spend the night”); cognate with Tibetan ཞག (zhag, “day (24 hours)”), Mizo riak (“to pass the night”), Jingpho [script needed] (jaʔ⁵⁵, “day (24 hours)”), Burmese ရက် (rak, “day (24 hours)”), Lahu há (“night; to pass the night”); may also be cognate with 宿 (OC *suɡs, *suɡ, “to spend the night”) and 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ, “former times”). It is noted that in the oracle bone script, the 24 hour day started and ended some time in the evening or night. Since 日 (rì, “sun”) has acquired the meaning of "day (24 hours)", 夕 was then restricted to the time of the day's end.
On the other hand, STEDT suggests 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening; night”) was derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ja-n (“night”), from which 夜 (OC *laːɡs, “night”) was also derived. However, 夕 was also compared to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak (“day; full day; to spend the night”). Schuessler (2007) assigns Chinese 夜 (yè) to *ja (“night”) instead, and notes *ja (“night”) and *ryak (“day (24 hours)”) were kept strictly separate in Tibeto-Burman.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zik6
- Gan (Wiktionary): xit6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zhiq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: si
- Wade–Giles: hsi1
- Yale: syī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sì
- Wade–Giles: hsi4
- Yale: syì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щи (xi, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zik6
- Yale: jihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzik9
- Guangdong Romanization: jig6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕit̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sip
- Hakka Romanization System: xibˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xib5
- Sinological IPA: /sip̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /siʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
- Tâi-lô: si̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: sit
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
- Tâi-lô: si̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: sek
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /siɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍h
- Tâi-lô: sia̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: siah
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siaʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā
- Tâi-lô: siā
- Phofsit Daibuun: sia
- IPA (Xiamen): /sia²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- si̍t/se̍k - literary;
- sia̍h/siā - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: zjek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ɢAk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ljaːɡ/
Definitions
夕
- night; evening; dusk
- 哀我征夫、朝夕不暇。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Āi wǒ zhēngfū, zhāoxī bùxiá. [Pinyin]
- Woe to us soldiers on these expeditions! Morning and evening we have no rest.
- 今夕何夕兮，搴舟中流。今日何日兮，得與王子同舟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
- Jīnxī hé xī xī, qiān zhōu zhōngliú. Jīnrì hérì xī, dé yǔ wángzǐ tóng zhōu. [Pinyin]
- What night is tonight, that I take a boat into the stream? What day is today, that I get to share a boat with a prince?
今夕何夕兮，搴舟中流。今日何日兮，得与王子同舟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
Compounds
- 一夕 (yīxī)
- 一朝一夕 (yīzhāoyīxī)
- 七夕 (Qīxī)
- 今夕 (jīnxī)
- 今夕何夕
- 前夕 (qiánxī)
- 匪朝伊夕
- 危在旦夕 (wēizàidànxī)
- 只爭旦夕／只争旦夕
- 吉夕
- 命在旦夕
- 夕惕
- 夕惕若厲／夕惕若厉
- 夕拜
- 夕日 (xīrì)
- 夕暉／夕晖
- 夕暮
- 夕曛
- 夕月
- 夕煙／夕烟 (xīyān)
- 夕照 (xīzhào)
- 夕陽／夕阳 (xīyáng)
- 夕陽工業／夕阳工业
- 夕陽簫鼓／夕阳箫鼓
- 夕陽西下／夕阳西下 (xīyángxīxià)
- 夕陽餘暉／夕阳余晖
- 夕食
- 大除夕
- 宿夕
- 寅憂夕惕／寅忧夕惕
- 小除夕
- 巧夕
- 既夕禮／既夕礼
- 日夕
- 旦夕 (dànxī)
- 旦夕之危
- 旦夕之費／旦夕之费
- 旦夕禍福／旦夕祸福
- 旦暮朝夕
- 昕夕
- 晡夕
- 晨夕
- 月夕
- 月夕花朝
- 朝不保夕 (zhāobùbǎoxī)
- 朝不及夕
- 朝不圖夕／朝不图夕
- 朝不慮夕／朝不虑夕 (zhāobùlǜxī)
- 朝不謀夕／朝不谋夕
- 朝乾夕惕／朝干夕惕
- 朝令夕改 (zhāolìngxīgǎi)
- 朝兢夕惕
- 朝出夕改
- 朝夕 (zhāoxī)
- 朝夕不倦
- 朝夕難保／朝夕难保 (zhāoxīnánbǎo)
- 朝思夕想
- 朝思夕計／朝思夕计
- 朝更夕改 (zhāogēngxīgǎi)
- 朝榮夕悴／朝荣夕悴
- 朝榮夕斃／朝荣夕毙
- 朝榮夕滅／朝荣夕灭
- 朝發夕至／朝发夕至 (zhāofāxīzhì)
- 朝聞夕改／朝闻夕改
- 朝聞夕死／朝闻夕死
- 朝行夕改
- 朝過夕改／朝过夕改
- 朝饔夕飧 (zhāoyōngxìsūn)
- 永夕
- 燈夕／灯夕
- 申旦達夕／申旦达夕
- 當夕／当夕
- 禍在旦夕／祸在旦夕
- 終夕／终夕
- 花晨月夕
- 花朝月夕
- 西夕年
- 連朝接夕／连朝接夕
- 除夕 (chúxī)
- 竟夕 (jìngxī)
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 夕 – see 穸 (“a vault or recess in a sepulchre meant to store a coffin”). (This character is a variant form of 穸). |
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 夕 – see 月 (“moon; moon-shaped; round like a moon; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 月). |
Etymology 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of 夕 – see 明 (“bright; light; brilliant; clear; limpid; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 明). |
References
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