鐵的熔點、沸點和原子化焓(英語:enthalpy of atomization)都低於早期的3d元素——鈧到鉻,顯示3d電子對金屬鍵的貢獻隨着原子核越來越大而被吸引而減少。[14]然而,錳的這些數據都低於鐵,因為它具有半充滿的3d亞電子層,因此d電子不容易離域。這個現象也出現在釕中,但沒有出現在鋨中。[8]
鐵有四種穩定同位素,分別是54Fe(豐度5.845%)、56Fe(91.754%)、57Fe(2.119%)和58Fe(0.282%)。鐵除了這些穩定同位素以外還有24種人造同位素。穩定同位素中只有57Fe有自旋(−1⁄2)。54Fe理論上可以雙電子捕獲(英語:double electron capture)成54Cr,但該過程仍未被觀察到,半衰期下限4.4×1020年。[20]
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