控
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
控 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手十金一 (QJCM), four-corner 53011, composition ⿰扌空)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 439, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12283
- Dae Jaweon: page 789, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1906, character 9
- Unihan data for U+63A7
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hung3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): kóng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kang4 / korng4
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kòng
- Wade–Giles: kʻung4
- Yale: kùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: konq
- Palladius: кун (kun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hung3
- Yale: hung
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung3
- Guangdong Romanization: hung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khúng / khung
- Hakka Romanization System: kungˋ / kung
- Hagfa Pinyim: kung3 / kung4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰuŋ³¹/, /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kóng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰouŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kang4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰaŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: korng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- kang4 - vernacular;
- korng4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: khuwngH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤoŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːŋs/
Etymology
Definitions
控
- to control; to take charge of
- to accuse; to charge
- 指控 ― zhǐkòng ― to accuse
- 控于大邦，誰因誰極？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Kòng yú dà bāng, shéi yīn shéi jí? [Pinyin]
- I would have carried the case before the great State.
On whom should I have relied? Who would come to the help of Wey?
控于大邦，谁因谁极？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to hang upside down
- to turn upside down to empty
- (of parts of the body) to fail to be sufficiently supported
- (Internet slang, originally chiefly ACG) -phile
- 巨乳控 ― jùrǔ kòng ― someone who likes large breasts
- (idol fandom) concert
- (Internet slang) strong liking
- (Internet slang) to strongly like
- to open a bow; to draw the bowstring
- 以故冒頓得自彊，控弦之士三十餘萬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Yǐ gù Mòdú dé zìqiáng, kòngxiánzhīshì sānshíyúwàn. [Pinyin]
- As a result, Modu was able to strengthen himself and mobilized a force of over three hundred thousand archers (literally, "string-drawing men").
以故冒顿得自强，控弦之士三十余万。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 襟三江而帶五湖，控蠻荊而引甌越。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 675, Wang Bo (王勃), Tengwang Ge Xu (《滕王閣序》)
- Jīn sānjiāng ér dài wǔhú, kòng mánjīng ér yǐn ōuyuè. [Pinyin]
- Three Rivers her lapel, and Five Lakes her girdle, She opens the bow of Chu, and draws the string of Yue.
襟三江而带五湖，控蛮荆而引瓯越。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to impede
- to throw
- to bend
- to halt
- 我決起而飛，槍榆枋，時則不至而控於地而已矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wǒ xuè qǐ ér fēi, qiāng yú fāng, shí zé bùzhì ér kòng yú dì éryǐ yǐ. [Pinyin]
- We make an effort and fly towards an elm or sapanwood tree; and sometimes before we reach it, we can do no more but drop to the ground.
我决起而飞，枪榆枋，时则不至而控于地而已矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Southern Min) to dig out with one's finger
- (Southern Min) to use various means to acquire someone's money or property
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to climb
Synonyms
- (to control):
- 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
- 主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
- 克制 (kèzhì)
- 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
- 制禦／制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
- 制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
- 君 (jūn) (literary)
- 執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
- 壓制／压制 (yāzhì)
- 壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
- 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 局限 (júxiàn)
- 左右 (zuǒyòu)
- 把
- 抑制 (yìzhì)
- 把持 (bǎchí)
- 把控 (bǎkòng)
- 把攬／把揽 (bǎlǎn)
- 抵制 (dǐzhì)
- 拘束 (jūshù)
- 按 (àn)
- 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
- 控制 (kòngzhì)
- 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
- 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
- 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
- 撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
- 撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
- 操控 (cāokòng)
- 操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
- 擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
- 擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
- 支配 (zhīpèi)
- 收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
- 束 (literary, or in compounds)
- 束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
- 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 框 (kuàng)
- 禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
- 積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
- 節制／节制 (jiézhì)
- 節撙／节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 管制 (guǎnzhì)
- 管束 (guǎnshù)
- 約束／约束 (yuēshù)
- 統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
- 統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
- 羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
- 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
- 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
- 鎮／镇 (zhèn)
- 限 (xiàn)
- 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 限制 (xiànzhì)
- 駕／驾 (jià)
- 駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)
- (to accuse):
- (to climb):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 爬 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 爬 |
| Taiwan | 爬 | |
| Singapore | 爬 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 擒 |
| Hong Kong | 擒, 爬 | |
| Dongguan | 擒 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 爬 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 爬 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 爬啦 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 爬 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 𬦰 |
| Quanzhou | 𬦰 | |
| Zhangzhou | 𬦰 | |
| Tainan | 𬦰, 控 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 𬦰 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 𬦰 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 𬦰 | |
| Chaozhou | 𬦰 | |
| Shantou | 𬦰 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 𬦰 | |
| Haikou | 爬 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 爬 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 爬 |
Compounds
- 中控臺／中控台 (zhōngkòngtái)
- 主控
- 兄控 (xiōngkòng)
- 副控室 (fùkòngshì)
- 嚴控／严控 (yánkòng)
- 回饋控制／回馈控制
- 圖控軟體／图控软体
- 大叔控 (dàshūkòng)
- 失控 (shīkòng)
- 妹控 (mèikòng)
- 封控 (fēngkòng)
- 射控雷達／射控雷达
- 指控 (zhǐkòng)
- 控制 (kòngzhì)
- 控制卡
- 控制單元／控制单元
- 控制室
- 控制桿／控制杆 (kòngzhìgǎn)
- 控制棒 (kòngzhìbàng)
- 控名責實／控名责实
- 控告 (kònggào)
- 控弦 (kòngxián)
- 控御 (kòngyù)
- 控持
- 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
- 控捲／控卷
- 控球
- 控股公司 (kònggǔ gōngsī)
- 控背躬身
- 控訴／控诉 (kòngsù)
- 控馬／控马
- 控鶴／控鹤
- 提控 (tíkòng)
- 操控 (cāokòng)
- 數位控制／数位控制
- 數值控制／数值控制
- 查控 (chákòng)
- 檢控／检控 (jiǎnkòng)
- 燈控／灯控
- 發射控制／发射控制
- 監控／监控 (jiānkòng)
- 磬控
- 社會控制／社会控制
- 票控 (piàokòng)
- 程序控制 (chéngxù kòngzhì)
- 程式控制
- 程控 (chéngkòng)
- 聲控玩具／声控玩具
- 自動控制／自动控制
- 自控
- 蘿莉控／萝莉控 (luólìkòng)
- 被控 (bèikòng)
- 遙控／遥控 (yáokòng)
- 遙控器／遥控器 (yáokòngqì)
- 遙控飛機／遥控飞机
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kong
- Wade–Giles: kʻung1
- Yale: kūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kong
- Palladius: кун (kun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
控
- † to remove
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciang
- Wade–Giles: chʻiang1
- Yale: chyāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
- Palladius: цян (cjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: khaewng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːŋ/
Definitions
控
- † to beat
Kanji
控
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Hanja
控 • (gong, gang) (hangeul 공, 강, revised gong, gang, McCune–Reischauer kong, kang, Yale kong, kang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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