姓

姓 U+59D3, 姓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59D3 ← 姒 [U+59D2] CJK Unified Ideographs 委 → [U+59D4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

姓 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女竹手一 (VHQM), four-corner 4541₀, composition ⿰女生)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 259, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6178
• Dae Jaweon: page 524, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1037, character 12
• Unihan data for U+59D3

Chinese

trad.		姓
simp. #		姓
alternative forms		𤯕 𤯣 𤯧 𤯬

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	*sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩	*sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	*sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	*sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩	*sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	*ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	*ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	*sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	*zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	*seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺	*seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	*ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	*sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	*seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sleŋs) : semantic 女 (“woman; female”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Etymology

Specialised form of 性 (xìng): “human nature; what is inborn” > “surname; clan name”.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	姓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息正切
Baxter	sjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/siæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siajŋH/
Li Rong	/siɛŋH/
Wang Li	/sĭɛŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing3

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	姓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xìng
Middle Chinese	‹ sjengH ›
Old Chinese	/*seŋ-s/
English	surname
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姓
Reading #	1/1
No.	11359
Phonetic component	生
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	性
Old Chinese	/*sleŋs/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xìng (xing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щин (xin, III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing³ / seng³

• Gan (Wiktionary): xiang⁴ / xin⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): siang

  (Hailu, HRS): siang^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xiang⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): xing³
• Northern Min (KCR): sia̿ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): sáng / síng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sa⁴ / saⁿ⁴ / sing⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sèng / sìⁿ / sèⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sên³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sin⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sìng
    • Wade–Giles: hsing⁴
    • Yale: syìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinq
    • Palladius: син (sin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щин (xin, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sing³ / seng³
    • Yale: sing / seng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing³ / seng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing³ / séng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ³³/, /sɛːŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xiang⁴ / xin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiaŋ³⁵/, /ɕin³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siang
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiang
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiang⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /si̯aŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: siang^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /siaŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xiang⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /siaŋ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xing³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕĩŋ⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sia̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sáng / síng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɑŋ²¹³/, /sɛiŋ²¹³/

Note: síng - literary.

• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sa⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬa⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: saⁿ⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬã⁴²/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁴²/

Note:

• sa4/saⁿ4 - vernacular;
• sing4 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sèng
    • Tâi-lô: sìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sexng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /siɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: sìnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sĩ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sĩ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /sĩ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sèⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: sènn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svex
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ̃²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sẽ²¹/
Note:
• sèng - literary;
• sèⁿ, sìⁿ - vernacular.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sên³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sèⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sẽ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵shin
    • MiniDict: shin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /sin⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕin⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: sjengH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*seŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sleŋs/

Definitions

姓

1. surname; family name; clan name

   你的姓怎麼拼寫？ [MSC, trad.]
   你的姓怎么拼写？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ de xìng zěnme pīnxiě? [Pinyin]

   How do you spell your last name?

   您貴姓？／您贵姓？  ―  Nín guìxìng?  ―  What is your surname? [honorific]

   Coordinate term: 名 (míng)

2. to have the surname of

   我姓陳。／我姓陈。  ―  Wǒ xìng Chén.  ―  My surname is Chen.

   • 黃帝者，少典之子，姓公孫，名曰軒轅。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     黄帝者，少典之子，姓公孙，名曰轩辕。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE, translated based on Herbert J. Allen's version

     Huángdì zhě, Shàodiǎn zhī zǐ, xìng Gōngsūn, míng yuē Xuānyuán. [Pinyin]

     The Yellow Emperor (Huangti) was the son of Shaotien; he [was originally] surnamed Kungsun, and his prename (given name at birth) was Hsienyüan.

3. (figurative, often officialese) to belong to; to be classified as

   黨媒姓黨／党媒姓党  ―  dǎngméi xìng Dǎng  ―  the Party's media must follow the Party's will

   姓資姓社 [MSC, trad.]
   姓资姓社 [MSC, simp.]

   xìng zī xìng shè [Pinyin]

   follow the capitalist way or follow the socialist way

   • 我們的研究並非要急著爭論它究竟姓「客」還是姓「粵」，我們更感興趣的是這種混合語究竟是如何形成的。 [MSC, trad.]
     我们的研究并非要急着争论它究竟姓「客」还是姓「粤」，我们更感兴趣的是这种混合语究竟是如何形成的。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2014, 周佳凡 (Zhou Jiafan), 《深圳坪山占米话研究》 (thesis), Xiamen: Xiamen University, page I

     Wǒmen de yánjiū bìngfēi yào jízhe zhēnglùn tā jiūjìng xìng “kè” háishì xìng “yuè”, wǒmen gèng gǎn xìngqù de shì zhè zhǒng hùnhéyǔ jiūjìng shì rúhé xíngchéng de. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 還有一點值得說的是，黃河「姓黃」，黃河畢竟流經黃土高原，沒有必要追求絕對的清澈。 [MSC, trad.]
     还有一点值得说的是，黄河「姓黄」，黄河毕竟流经黄土高原，没有必要追求绝对的清澈。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2020 November 28, 《以考古之光 照亮文明深处与细节——中国考古与历史主题新书访谈》, in 《光明日报》 [Guangming Daily], →ISSN, page 09

     Háiyǒu yī diǎn zhídé shuō de shì, Huáng Hé “xìng huáng”, Huáng Hé bìjìng liújīng Huángtǔ Gāoyuán, méiyǒu bìyào zhuīqiú juéduì de qīngchè. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. a surname

Compounds

• 一姓
• 上姓 (shàngxìng)
• 九姓
• 二姓
• 五姓
• 五姓蕃
• 他姓
• 仝姓
• 代姓
• 俗姓
• 假名托姓
• 備百姓／备百姓
• 億姓／亿姓
• 允姓
• 兆姓
• 內姓／内姓
• 兩姓／两姓
• 兩姓之好／两姓之好
• 八姓
• 公姓
• 共姓
• 冒姓 (màoxìng)
• 出姓
• 別姓／别姓
• 十姓百名
• 十姓部落
• 千家姓
• 受姓
• 右姓
• 同姓 (tóngxìng)
• 名姓 (míngxìng)
• 合姓
• 吹律定姓
• 命姓
• 單姓／单姓 (dānxìng)
• 四姓
• 四姓小侯
• 國姓／国姓 (guóxìng)
• 國姓爺／国姓爷 (Guóxìngyé)
• 圍姓／围姓
• 土姓
• 士姓
• 外姓 (wàixìng)
• 大姓 (dàxìng)
• 夫姓
• 姓名 (xìngmíng)
• 姓名條例／姓名条例
• 姓名權／姓名权
• 姓名牌 (xìngmíngpái)
• 姓字
• 姓族
• 姓望
• 姓氏 (xìngshì)
• 姓第
• 姓系
• 姓號／姓号
• 子姓
• 字姓
• 宗姓
• 客姓
• 寓姓
• 尊姓 (zūnxìng)
• 尊姓大名 (zūnxìngdàmíng)
• 小姓 (xiǎoxìng)
• 小百姓
• 屬姓／属姓
• 希姓
• 常姓
• 平等百姓
• 平章百姓
• 平頭百姓／平头百姓
• 庶姓
• 強姓／强姓
• 得姓
• 復姓／复姓 (fùxìng)
• 指名道姓 (zhǐmíngdàoxìng)
• 指樹為姓／指树为姓
• 提名道姓
• 揚名顯姓／扬名显姓
• 改名換姓／改名换姓 (gǎimínghuànxìng)
• 改名易姓 (gǎimíng yìxìng)
• 改姓易代
• 改姓更名 (gǎixìng gēngmíng)
• 改朝換姓／改朝换姓
• 族姓
• 易姓
• 晐姓
• 更名改姓 (gēngmíng gǎixìng)
• 更姓
• 更姓改物
• 有名有姓 (yǒumíngyǒuxìng)
• 望姓
• 本姓
• 東京六姓／东京六姓
• 柳車變姓／柳车变姓
• 正姓
• 氏姓
• 漢姓／汉姓 (hànxìng)
• 甲姓
• 異姓／异姓 (yìxìng)
• 百姓
• 百姓之心
• 百姓公
• 百家姓 (Bǎijiāxìng)
• 萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng)
• 萬姓統譜／万姓统谱
• 稱名道姓／称名道姓
• 種姓／种姓 (zhǒngxìng)
• 素姓
• 緣姓／缘姓
• 群姓
• 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
• 臣姓
• 舊姓／旧姓 (jiùxìng)
• 著姓
• 裔姓
• 複姓／复姓 (fùxìng)
• 覆姓 (fùxìng)
• 記姓名／记姓名
• 詭姓／诡姓
• 諸姓／诸姓
• 變名易姓／变名易姓 (biàn míng yìxìng)
• 豪姓
• 貴姓／贵姓 (guìxìng)
• 賤姓／贱姓
• 賜姓／赐姓 (cìxìng)
• 跟官咁耐唔知官姓乜
• 還姓／还姓
• 郡姓
• 都頭異姓／都头异姓
• 重姓
• 闈姓／闱姓
• 隱名埋姓／隐名埋姓
• 隱姓埋名／隐姓埋名 (yǐnxìngmáimíng)
• 雜姓／杂姓
• 革姓
• 頂名冒姓／顶名冒姓
• 題名道姓／题名道姓
• 顯姓／显姓
• 顯姓揚名／显姓扬名
• 風姓／风姓
• 高姓
• 黎民百姓
• 黑姓
• 鼎姓 (dǐngxìng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (姓):

• → Japanese: 姓(せい) (sei)
• → Korean: 성(姓) (seong)
• → Vietnamese: tính (姓)

Others:

• → Khmer: សែ (sae)
• → Thai: แซ่ (sɛ̂ɛ)

References

• “姓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00909
• “Entry #3781”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 姓

姓

(Jōyō kanji)

1. clan
2. surname

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Kun: かばね (kabane, 姓)

Compounds

Compounds

• 姓氏(しょうじ) (shōji)
• 姓氏(せいし) (seishi)
• 姓階(せいかい)制度(せいど) (seikaiseido)
• 姓族(せいぞく) (seizoku)
• 姓名(せいめい) (seimei)
• 五姓(ごしょう) (goshō)
• 四姓(ししょう) (shishō)
• 素姓(すじょう), 種姓(すじょう) (sujō)
• 俗姓(ぞくしょう) (zokushō)
• 百姓(ひゃくしょう) (hyakushō)
• 異姓(いせい) (isei)
• 易姓(えきせい) (ekisei)
• 改姓(かいせい) (kaisei)
• 外姓(がいせい) (gaisei)
• 下姓(かせい) (kasei)
• 旧姓(きゅうせい) (kyūsei)
• 現姓(げんせい) (gensei)
• 国姓(こくせい) (kokusei)
• 三姓(さんせい) (sansei)
• 四種姓(ししゅせい) (shishusei)
• 四姓(しせい) (shisei)
• 氏姓(しせい) (shisei)
• 賜姓(しせい) (shisei)
• 俗姓(ぞくせい) (zokusei)
• 他姓(たせい) (tasei)
• 同姓(どうせい) (dōsei)
• 万姓(ばんせい) (bansei)
• 百姓(ひゃくせい) (hyakusei)
• 複姓(ふくせい) (fukusei)
• 別姓(べっせい) (bessei)
• 本姓(ほんせい) (honsei)
• 五姓田(ごせだ) (Goseda)
• 百姓(おおみたから) (ōmitakara)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
姓
かばね Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.^[1][2]

Ultimate derivation unclear. Some theories derive this as a Japanese compound of 株 (kabu, “stock, root”) + 根 (ne, “root, origin”) or 名 (na, “name”). However, the required /u/ → /a/ sound shift would be unusual.

Another thought is that this might be a borrowing from, or somehow otherwise related to, Korean 골품 (golpum), a Sino-Korean term also spelled 骨品 (literally “bones + goods”), the name for a kind of kinship hierarchy that was prevalent in the Silla kingdom. This latter theory and its related “bone” sense might also account for the homophony with 屍 (kabane, “corpse, dead body”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かばね [kàbáné] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ba̠ne̞]

Noun

姓(かばね) • (kabane) 

1. a clan

   Synonym: 氏 (uji)

2. (historical) a kind of hereditary title bestowed to clans in ancient Japan

Derived terms

• 姓(かばね)書(がき) (kabane-gaki): (historical) someone's full name, written out with the status of their clan appended
• 姓(かばね)名(な) (kabane na, “clan name”)
• 八色(やくさ)の姓(かばね) (Yakusa no Kabane), 八色(はっしき)の姓(かばね) (Hasshiki no Kabane): a specific set of eight kabane titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu in 675 CE

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
姓
せい Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Min Nan reading sèⁿ.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せー [séꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [se̞ː]

Noun

姓(せい) • (sei) 

1. surname, family name
2. clan

Derived terms

• 八姓(はっせい) (hassei)

Idioms

• 姓(せい)を冒(おか)す (sei o okasu): to be adopted by a different clan; to take on a different surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
姓
しょう Grade: S
on'yomi

/siau/ → /ɕjɔː/ → /ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Hakka reading siang.

This reading is less common than sei above.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しょー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ː]

Noun

姓(しょう) • (shō) ^{←しやう (syau)?}

1. (uncommon) surname, family name
2. (uncommon) clan

Derived terms

• 上姓(じょうしょう) (jōshō)
• 下姓(げしょう) (geshō)
• 小姓(こしょう) (koshō)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
姓
しょう > そう Grade: S
irregular

A shift from shō above to use the 直音 (chokuon, “"straight" pronunciation”, dropping out any /j/ or /w/ glides).^[1]

This reading is not used in modern Japanese, and is only found in historical texts, such as the Utsubo Monogatari from the late 900s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [so̞ː]

Noun

姓(そう) • (sō) 

1. (historical, obsolete) surname, family name
2. (historical, obsolete) clan

References

1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading

• Etymology at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC sjengH). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔ᇰ (syeng) (Yale: syeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰɘ(ː)ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [성(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

姓

Wikisource 姓 (eumhun 성씨 성 (seongssi seong))

1. hanja form^? of 성 (“clan; family name”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 백성 (百姓, baekseong)
• 성씨 (姓氏, seongssi)
• 동성 (同姓, dongseong)
• 본성 (本姓, bonseong)
• 성명 (姓名, seongmyeong)
• 성함 (姓銜, seongham)
• 통성명 (通姓名, tongseongmyeong)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

姓: Hán Nôm readings: tính

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