2024 United States Senate elections

The 2024 United States Senate elections were held on November 5, 2024. Regularly scheduled elections were held for 33 out of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate,^[4][5] and special elections were held in California^[6] and Nebraska.^[7] U.S. senators are divided into three classes whose six-year terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years.^[8] Class 1 senators faced election in 2024.^[9] Republicans flipped four Democratic-held seats, regaining a Senate majority for the first time in four years, and the most gains for either party since 2014. Republicans successfully defended all of their own seats for the first time since 2014. This was the first time since 1980 that Republicans flipped control of a chamber of Congress in a presidential year.^[10]

2024 United States Senate elections

← 2022 November 5, 2024 2026 →
34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate 51[a] seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Mitch McConnell (retired as leader) Chuck Schumer Party Republican Democratic Leader since January 3, 2007 January 3, 2017 Leader's seat Kentucky New York Seats before 49 47[b] Seats after 53 45[c] Seat change 4 2 Popular vote 54,402,269[3] 55,934,606[3] Percentage 47.7% 49.1% Seats up 11 19 Races won 15 17   Third party   Party Independent Seats before 4[b] Seats after 2[c] Seat change 2 Popular vote 1,302,089[3] Percentage 1.1% Seats up 4 Races won 2
Results of the elections:      Democratic hold      Democratic gain      Republican hold      Republican gain      Independent hold Rectangular inset (Nebraska): both seats up for election
Majority Leader before election Chuck Schumer Democratic Elected Majority Leader John Thune Republican

Twenty-six U.S. senators (15 Democrats, nine Republicans, and two independents) sought re-election in 2024,^[11] while seven senators declined to seek re-election.^[12] In addition, Sen. Laphonza Butler of California^[13] and Sen. George Helmy of New Jersey^[14] – each of whom had been appointed to their respective Senate seats – did not seek election in 2024. Concurrent with the 2024 regular Senate elections, two special Senate elections took place: one in California, to fill the final two months of Dianne Feinstein's term following her death in September 2023; and one in Nebraska, to fill the remaining two years of Ben Sasse's term following his resignation in January 2023.^[15][16][17]

Republicans won control of the U.S. Senate by flipping an open seat in West Virginia; defeating Democratic incumbents in Montana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; and retaining all the seats they had previously held. Republican gains were attributed to candidate quality and to the coattails of Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, who won the 2024 presidential election. Democratic candidates were elected in Arizona, Michigan, Nevada, and Wisconsin, despite Trump having won those states. No state in which Democratic presidential nominee Kamala Harris won elected a Republican to the Senate.

Partisan composition

All 33 Class 1 Senate seats, and one Class 2 seat, were up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consisted of 20 Democrats, four independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats,^[d] and 10 Republicans.

Burgess Everett of Politico considered the map for these Senate elections to be highly unfavorable to Democrats. Democrats were to defend 23 of the 33 Class 1 seats,^[20] including three in states won by Republican Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020. In contrast, there are no seats in this class held by Republicans in states won by Democrat Joe Biden in 2020. In the previous Senate election cycle that coincided with a presidential election (2020), only one senator (Susan Collins of Maine) was elected in a state that was simultaneously won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.^[21]

Republican gains were attributed to better candidate quality compared to 2022^[22] and to the coattails of Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, who won the 2024 presidential election.^[23] Time's Eric Cortellessa wrote that the thesis of the Republicans' success boiled down to the simple slogan "Max out the men and hold the women", meaning emphasizing the economy and immigration, which Trump did "relentlessly". Cortellessa also mentioned Trump's minimization of his numerous controversies, and push-offs of criminal trials via "a combination of friendly judges and legal postponements" to after the election. He said Trump's "advanced age and increasingly incoherent trail rhetoric" were taken by voters in stride, and that "much of the country read Trump's legal woes as part of a larger corrupt conspiracy to deny him, and them, power".^[24] NPR wrote that "Americans have continued to chafe at higher than pre-pandemic prices and the lack of affordable housing", and that much of the voter placed the blame "squarely" on the Biden administration, wishing for the economy that Trump established years ago. NPR said demographics played an important role, with White voters going up as a share of the electorate from 67% to 71% and the Republicans winning 46% of Latinos, and mentioned polling's "continued underestimation of Republicans's support nationally and in the key swing states".^[25]

Summary results

Seats

Parties					Total
		Democratic	Independent	Republican
Last elections (2022)		49	2	49	100
Before these elections		47	4	49	100
Not up		28	–	38	66
	Class 2 (2020→2026)	13	–	19	32
	Class 3 (2022→2028)	15	–	19	34
Up		19[e]	4[f]	11	33
	Class 1 (2018→2024)	21[f]	2	10	33
	Special: Class 1 & 2	1[e]	—	1[g]	2
General election
Incumbent retiring		5[e]	2	2	9
	Held by same party	5	—	2	7
	Replaced by other party	1 Independent replaced by 1 Republican 1 Independent replaced by 1 Democrat			2
	Result	6	—	3	9
Incumbent running		13	2	8	23
	Won re-election	10	2	8	20
	Lost re-election	3 Democrats replaced by 3 Republicans			3
	Result	10	2	11	23
Special elections
Appointee retiring		1[e]	—	—	1
Appointee running		–	–	1[g]	1
	Individuals elected	1	–	1	2
	Result	1	–	1	2
Result		45	2	53	100

Change in composition

Each block represents one of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28	D29 Conn. Ran	D30 Hawaii Ran
D40 Va. Ran	D39 R.I. Ran	D38 Pa. Ran	D37 Ohio Ran	D36 N.Y. Ran	D35 N.M. Ran	D34 Nev. Ran	D33 Mont. Ran	D32 Minn. Ran	D31 Mass. Ran
D41 Wash. Ran	D42 Wis. Ran	D43 Calif. Retired	D44 Del. Retired	D45 Md. Retired	D46 Mich. Retired	D47 N.J. Retired	I1 Maine Ran	I2 Vt. Ran	I3 Ariz. Retired
Majority (with Independents) ↑
R41 Mo. Ran	R42 Neb. (reg) Ran	R43 Neb. (sp) Ran	R44 N.D. Ran	R45 Tenn. Ran	R46 Texas Ran	R47 Wyo. Ran	R48 Ind. Retired	R49 Utah Retired	I4 W.Va. Retired
R40 Miss. Ran	R39 Fla. Ran	R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31
R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28	R29	R30
R20	R19	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

After the elections

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28	D29 Calif. Hold	D30 Conn. Re-elected
D40 N.Y. Re-elected	D39 N.M. Re-elected	D38 N.J. Hold	D37 Nev. Re-elected	D36 Minn. Re-elected	D35 Mich. Hold	D34 Mass. Re-elected	D33 Md. Hold	D32 Hawaii Re-elected	D31 Del. Hold
D41 R.I. Re-elected	D42 Va. Re-elected	D43 Wash. Re-elected	D44 Wisc. Re-elected	D45 Ariz. Gain	I1 Maine Re-elected	I2 Vt. Re-elected	R53 W.Va. Gain	R52 Pa. Gain	R51 Ohio Gain
Majority →
R41 Miss. Re-elected	R42 Mo. Re-elected	R43 Neb. (reg) Re-elected	R44 Neb. (sp) Elected[h]	R45 N.D. Re-elected	R46 Tenn. Re-elected	R47 Texas Re-elected	R48 Utah Hold	R49 Wyo. Re-elected	R50 Mont. Gain
R40 Ind. Hold	R39 Fla. Re-elected	R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31
R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28	R29	R30
R20	R19	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

Key	D# Democratic R# Republican I# Independent, caucusing with Democrats

Predictions

Several sites and individuals published predictions of competitive seats. These predictions looked at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent was running for reelection) and the other candidates, and the state's partisan lean (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assigned ratings to each seat, indicating the predicted advantage that a party had in winning that seat. Most election predictors used:

• "tossup": no advantage
• "tilt" (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
• "lean" or "leans": slight advantage
• "likely": significant, but surmountable, advantage
• "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory

Constituency		Incumbent		Ratings
State	PVI[26]	Senator	Last election[i]	Cook Oct. 21, 2024[27]	IE Oct. 31, 2024[28]	Sabato Nov. 4, 2024[29]	RCP Oct. 30, 2024[30]	ED Nov. 4, 2024[31]	CNalysis Nov. 4, 2024[32]	DDHQ/The Hill Nov. 5, 2024[33]	Fox Oct. 29, 2024[34]	538 Nov. 2, 2024[35]	Result
Arizona	R+2	Kyrsten Sinema (retiring)	49.96% D[j]	Lean D (flip)	Lean D (flip)	Lean D (flip)	Tossup	Likely D (flip)	Likely D (flip)	Lean D (flip)	Lean D (flip)	Likely D (flip)	Gallego 50.06% D (flip)
California[k]	D+13	Laphonza Butler (retiring)	Appointed (2023)[l]	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Schiff 58.87% D
Connecticut	D+7	Chris Murphy	59.53% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Murphy 58.58% D
Delaware	D+7	Tom Carper (retiring)	59.95% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Blunt Rochester 56.59% D
Florida	R+3	Rick Scott	50.05% R	Likely R	Likely R	Likely R	Lean R	Likely R	Likely R	Lean R	Likely R	Likely R	Scott 55.57% R
Hawaii	D+14	Mazie Hirono	71.15% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Hirono 64.61% D
Indiana	R+11	Mike Braun (retiring)	50.73% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Banks 58.64% R
Maine	D+2	Angus King	54.31% I	Solid I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Likely I	King 52.06% I
Maryland	D+14	Ben Cardin (retiring)	64.86% D	Likely D	Likely D	Likely D	Lean D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Lean D	Solid D	Alsobrooks 54.64% D
Massachusetts	D+15	Elizabeth Warren	60.34% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Warren 59.81% D
Michigan	R+1	Debbie Stabenow (retiring)	52.26% D	Tossup	Tilt D	Lean D	Tossup	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup	Likely D	Slotkin 48.64% D
Minnesota	D+1	Amy Klobuchar	60.31% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Klobuchar 56.20% D
Mississippi	R+11	Roger Wicker	58.49% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Wicker 62.81% R
Missouri	R+10	Josh Hawley	51.38% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Likely R	Safe R	Solid R	Likely R	Solid R	Solid R	Hawley 55.58% R
Montana	R+11	Jon Tester	50.33% D	Lean R (flip)	Tilt R (flip)	Lean R (flip)	Lean R (flip)	Lean R (flip)	Tilt R (flip)	Likely R (flip)	Lean R (flip)	Likely R (flip)	Sheehy 52.64% R (flip)
Nebraska (regular)	R+13	Deb Fischer	57.69% R	Lean R	Lean R	Lean R	Lean R	Likely R	Tilt R	Likely R	Lean R	Likely R	Fischer 53.19% R
Nebraska (special)	R+13	Pete Ricketts	Appointed (2023)[m]	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Ricketts 62.64% R
Nevada	R+1	Jacky Rosen	50.41% D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup	Likely D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Likely D	Rosen 47.87% D
New Jersey	D+6	George Helmy (retiring)	Appointed (2024)[n]	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Likely D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Likely D	Kim 53.61% D
New Mexico	D+3	Martin Heinrich	54.09% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Lean D	Safe D	Solid D	Likely D	Likely D	Solid D	Heinrich 55.06% D
New York	D+10	Kirsten Gillibrand	67.00% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Gillibrand 58.91% D
North Dakota	R+20	Kevin Cramer	55.45% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Cramer 66.31% R
Ohio	R+6	Sherrod Brown	53.41% D	Tossup	Tossup	Lean R (flip)	Tossup	Lean D	Tilt D	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Moreno 50.09% R (flip)
Pennsylvania	R+2	Bob Casey Jr.	55.74% D	Tossup	Tilt D	Lean D	Tossup	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup	Tossup	Lean D	McCormick 48.82% R (flip)
Rhode Island	D+8	Sheldon Whitehouse	61.44% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Whitehouse 59.90% D
Tennessee	R+14	Marsha Blackburn	54.71% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Blackburn 63.80% R
Texas	R+5	Ted Cruz	50.89% R	Lean R	Tilt R	Lean R	Tossup	Lean R	Tilt R	Lean R	Likely R	Likely R	Cruz 53.07% R
Utah	R+13	Mitt Romney (retiring)	62.59% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Curtis 62.50% R
Vermont	D+16	Bernie Sanders	67.44% I	Solid I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Solid I	Sanders 63.16% I
Virginia	D+3	Tim Kaine	57.00% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Likely D	Safe D	Solid D	Likely D	Solid D	Likely D	Kaine 54.37% D
Washington	D+8	Maria Cantwell	58.43% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Cantwell 59.09% D
West Virginia	R+22	Joe Manchin (retiring)	49.57% D[o]	Solid R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Safe R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Safe R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Safe R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Justice 68.75% R (flip)
Wisconsin	R+2	Tammy Baldwin	55.36% D	Tossup	Tilt D	Lean D	Tossup	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup	Tossup	Lean D	Baldwin 49.33% D
Wyoming	R+25	John Barrasso	66.96% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Barrasso 75.11% R
Overall[p]				D/I - 45 R - 51 4 tossups	D/I - 48 R - 51 1 tossup	D/I - 48 R - 52 0 tossups	D/I - 43 R - 50 7 tossups	D/I - 49 R - 51 0 tossups	D/I - 49 R - 51 0 tossups	D/I - 46 R - 51 3 tossups	D/I - 45 R - 51 4 tossups	D/I - 48 R - 51 1 tossup	Results: D/I - 47 R - 53

Gains and holds

Retirements

Map of retirements:

  Republican incumbent

  Democratic incumbent

  Independent incumbent

  Republican incumbent retiring

  Democratic incumbent retiring

  Independent incumbent retiring

Two Independents, two Republicans and five Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election. Senator Dianne Feinstein had previously announced her intent to retire at the end of her term; however, she died in office on September 29, 2023.

State	Senator	Replaced by	Ref
Arizona	Kyrsten Sinema	Ruben Gallego	[37]
California	Laphonza Butler	Adam Schiff	[38]
Delaware	Tom Carper	Lisa Blunt Rochester	[39]
Indiana	Mike Braun	Jim Banks	[40]
Maryland	Ben Cardin	Angela Alsobrooks	[41]
Michigan	Debbie Stabenow	Elissa Slotkin	[16]
New Jersey	George Helmy	Andy Kim	[42]
Utah	Mitt Romney	John Curtis	[43]
West Virginia	Joe Manchin	Jim Justice	[44]

Defeats

Three Democrats sought re-election but lost in the general election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Montana	Jon Tester	Tim Sheehy
Ohio	Sherrod Brown	Bernie Moreno
Pennsylvania	Bob Casey Jr.	Dave McCormick

Post-election changes

Two Republicans resigned in January 2025 and were both replaced with Republican appointees.

State	Senator	Replaced by	Ref
Ohio (Class 3)	JD Vance	Jon Husted	[45]
Florida (Class 3)	Marco Rubio	Ashley Moody	[46]

Race summary

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In each special election, the winner's term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state's government.

Elections are sorted by date, then state.

State	Incumbent			Status	Candidates[47]
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
California (Class 1)	Laphonza Butler	Democratic	2023 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired.[38] Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Adam Schiff (Democratic) 58.75% ▌Steve Garvey (Republican) 41.25%
Nebraska (Class 2)	Pete Ricketts	Republican	2023 (appointed)	Interim appointee elected.	▌Y Pete Ricketts (Republican) 62.64% ▌Preston Love Jr. (Democratic) 37.36%

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.

State	Incumbent				Candidates[47]
	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Result
Arizona	Kyrsten Sinema	Independent	2018[j]	Incumbent retired.[37] Democratic gain.	▌Y Ruben Gallego (Democratic) 50.06% ▌Kari Lake (Republican) 47.65% ▌Eduardo Heredia-Quintana (Green) 2.29%
California	Laphonza Butler	Democratic	2023 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired.[38] Democratic hold. Winner also elected to finish the term; see above.	▌Y Adam Schiff (Democratic) 58.87% ▌Steve Garvey (Republican) 41.13%
Connecticut	Chris Murphy	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Chris Murphy (Democratic) 58.58% ▌Matthew Corey (Republican) 39.78% ▌Robert F. Hyde (Independent) 0.9% ▌Justin Paglino (Green) 0.8%
Delaware	Tom Carper	Democratic	2000 2006 2012 2018	Incumbent retired.[39] Democratic hold.	▌Y Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democratic) 56.6% ▌Eric Hansen (Republican) 39.5% ▌Michael Katz (Independent Party) 3.9%
Florida	Rick Scott	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Rick Scott (Republican) 55.57% ▌Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (Democratic) 42.79% ▌Ben Everidge (Independent) 0.6% ▌Feena Bonoan (Libertarian) 0.5% ▌Tuan Nguyen (Independent) 0.5%
Hawaii	Mazie Hirono	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Mazie Hirono (Democratic) 64.6% ▌Bob McDermott (Republican) 31.9% ▌Shelby Billionaire (We the People) 1.8% ▌Emma Pohlman (Green) 1.7%
Indiana	Mike Braun	Republican	2018	Incumbent retired to run for governor.[40] Republican hold.	▌Y Jim Banks (Republican) 58.64% ▌Valerie McCray (Democratic) 38.77% ▌Andy Horning (Libertarian) 2.59%
Maine	Angus King	Independent	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Angus King (Independent) 52.06% ▌Demitroula Kouzounas (Republican) 34.64% ▌David Costello (Democratic) 10.83% ▌Jason Cherry (Independent) 2.5%
Maryland	Ben Cardin	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent retired.[41] Democratic hold.	▌Y Angela Alsobrooks (Democratic) 54.64% ▌Larry Hogan (Republican) 42.84% ▌Mike Scott (Libertarian) 2.52%
Massachusetts	Elizabeth Warren	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Elizabeth Warren (Democratic) 59.81% ▌John Deaton (Republican) 40.00%
Michigan	Debbie Stabenow	Democratic	2000 2006 2012 2018	Incumbent retired.[16] Democratic hold.	▌Y Elissa Slotkin (Democratic) 48.64% ▌Mike Rogers (Republican) 48.30% ▌Joseph Solis-Mullen (Libertarian) 1.0% ▌Douglas Marsh (Green) 1.0% ▌Dave Stein (Constitution) 0.7% ▌Doug Dern (Natural Law) 0.3%
Minnesota	Amy Klobuchar	DFL	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Amy Klobuchar (DFL) 56.20% ▌Royce White (Republican) 40.5% ▌Rebecca Whiting (Libertarian) 1.7% ▌Joyce Lacey (Independence) 1.5%
Mississippi	Roger Wicker	Republican	2007 (appointed) 2008 (special) 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Roger Wicker (Republican) 62.81% ▌Ty Pinkins (Democratic) 36.6%
Missouri	Josh Hawley	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Josh Hawley (Republican) 55.58% ▌Lucas Kunce (Democratic) 41.76% ▌W. C. Young (Libertarian) 1.2% ▌Jared Young (Independent) 0.7% ▌Nathan Kline (Green) 0.7%
Montana	Jon Tester	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Tim Sheehy (Republican) 52.64% ▌Jon Tester (Democratic) 45.50% ▌Sid Daoud (Libertarian) 1.2% ▌Michael Downey (Green) 0.7%
Nebraska	Deb Fischer	Republican	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Deb Fischer (Republican) 53.19% ▌Dan Osborn (Independent) 46.47%
Nevada	Jacky Rosen	Democratic	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jacky Rosen (Democratic) 47.87% ▌Sam Brown (Republican) 46.20% ▌None of These Candidates 3.0% ▌Janine Hansen (Independent American) 1.5% ▌Christopher Cunningham (Libertarian) 1.4%
New Jersey	George Helmy	Democratic	2024 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired.[42] Democratic hold. Interim appointee resigned December 8, 2024, to give Kim preferential seniority. Winner appointed the same day.	▌Y Andy Kim (Democratic) 53.64% ▌Curtis Bashaw (Republican) 44.00% ▌Christina Khalil (Green) 1.1% ▌Ken Kaplan (Libertarian) 0.6% ▌Patricia Mooneyham (Independent) 0.4% ▌Joanne Kuniansky (Socialist Workers) 0.2%
New Mexico	Martin Heinrich	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Martin Heinrich (Democratic) 55.06% ▌Nella Domenici (Republican) 44.9%
New York	Kirsten Gillibrand	Democratic	2009 (appointed) 2010 (special) 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Kirsten Gillibrand (Democratic) 58.5% ▌Mike Sapraicone (Republican) 41.0% ▌Diane Sare (LaRouche) 0.5%
North Dakota	Kevin Cramer	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Kevin Cramer (Republican) 66.5% ▌Katrina Christiansen (Democratic–NPL) 33.5%
Ohio	Sherrod Brown	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Bernie Moreno (Republican) 50.09% ▌Sherrod Brown (Democratic) 46.47% ▌Don Kissick (Libertarian) 3.44%
Pennsylvania	Bob Casey Jr.	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y David McCormick (Republican) 48.82% ▌Bob Casey Jr. (Democratic) 48.60% ▌John Thomas (Libertarian) 1.24% ▌Leila Hazou (Green) 1.00% ▌Marty Selker (Constitution) 0.3%
Rhode Island	Sheldon Whitehouse	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Sheldon Whitehouse (Democratic) 59.90% ▌Patricia Morgan (Republican) 40.10%
Tennessee	Marsha Blackburn	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Marsha Blackburn (Republican) 63.8% ▌Gloria Johnson (Democratic) 34.2% ▌Tharon Chandler (Independent) 0.9% ▌Pamela Moses (Independent) 0.8% ▌Hastina Robinson (Independent) 0.3%
Texas	Ted Cruz	Republican	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ted Cruz (Republican) 53.07% ▌Colin Allred (Democratic) 44.57% ▌Ted Brown (Libertarian) 2.36%
Utah	Mitt Romney	Republican	2018	Incumbent retired.[43] Republican hold.	▌Y John Curtis (Republican) 62.50% ▌Caroline Gleich (Democratic) 31.74% ▌Carlton Bowen (Independent American) 5.74%
Vermont	Bernie Sanders	Independent	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Bernie Sanders (Independent) 63.16% ▌Gerald Malloy (Republican) 32.07% ▌Steve Berry (Independent) 2.2% ▌Matt Hill (Libertarian) 1.2% ▌Justin Schoville (Peace and Justice) 0.9% ▌Matt Stewart Greenstein (Independent) 0.3%
Virginia	Tim Kaine	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Tim Kaine (Democratic) 54.4% ▌Hung Cao (Republican) 45.4%
Washington	Maria Cantwell	Democratic	2000 2006 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Maria Cantwell (Democratic) 59.09% ▌Raul Garcia (Republican) 40.64%
West Virginia	Joe Manchin	Independent	2010 (special)[o] 2012 2018	Incumbent retired.[44] Republican gain. Winner delayed start of term until January 13, 2025, to finish his term as Governor of West Virginia.	▌Y Jim Justice (Republican) 68.75% ▌Glenn Elliott (Democratic) 27.26% ▌David Moran (Libertarian) 3.99%
Wisconsin	Tammy Baldwin	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Tammy Baldwin (Democratic) 49.33% ▌Eric Hovde (Republican) 48.48% ▌Phil Anderson (Disrupt the Corruption) 1.2% ▌Thomas Leager (America First) 0.9%
Wyoming	John Barrasso	Republican	2007 (appointed) 2008 (special) 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Barrasso (Republican) 75.11% ▌Scott Morrow (Democratic) 24.12%

Closest races

11 races had a margin of victory under 10%:^[47]

State	Party of winner	Margin
Pennsylvania	Republican (flip)	0.22%
Michigan	Democratic	0.34%
Wisconsin	Democratic	0.85%
Nevada	Democratic	1.64%
Arizona	Democratic (flip)	2.41%
Ohio	Republican (flip)	3.62%
Nebraska	Republican	6.67%
Montana	Republican (flip)	7.14%[q]
Texas	Republican	8.50%
Virginia	Democratic	8.93%
New Jersey	Democratic	9.62%

Arizona

Arizona election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Ruben Gallego Kari Lake Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 1,676,335 1,595,761 Percentage 50.06% 47.65%

County results Gallego:      50–60%      60–70% Lake:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Kyrsten Sinema Independent Elected U.S. senator Ruben Gallego Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Arizona

See also: List of United States senators from Arizona and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona

One-term independent Kyrsten Sinema was narrowly elected in 2018 as a Democrat with 50.0% of the vote. She left the Democratic Party in December 2022.^[48] Sinema announced on March 5, 2024, that she would not run for reelection.^[49]

Prior to her retirement announcement, Sinema was considered vulnerable to challengers from the Democratic Party due to her opposition to some of President Joe Biden's agenda,^[50] and U.S. representative Ruben Gallego launched an early bid for the Democratic nomination, which he won with no opposition.^[51][52]

Pinal County sheriff Mark Lamb and 2022 gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake sought the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate.^[53][54] Lake won the Republican primary by less than expected.

California

California election

← 2018 2030 →

Candidate Adam Schiff Steve Garvey Party Democratic Republican Regular election 9,036,252 58.87% 6,312,594 41.13% Special election 8,837,051 58.75% 6,204,637 41.25%

County results Schiff:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Garvey:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Laphonza Butler[r] Democratic Elected U.S. senator Adam Schiff Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate elections in California

See also: List of United States senators from California and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in California

Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was reelected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote against another Democrat. On February 14, 2023, Feinstein announced that she would not seek reelection to a sixth term.^[55] However, she died on September 29, 2023, leaving the seat vacant. Democrat Laphonza Butler, president of EMILY's List, was appointed by California governor Gavin Newsom to succeed Feinstein on October 2, 2023.^[56] Butler did not run for election to a full term, or for the final two months of the current term.^[38]

There were three major Democratic candidates for the seat — U.S. representatives Barbara Lee, Katie Porter, and Adam Schiff — along with former professional baseball player Steve Garvey running as a Republican.^{[57][58][59][60][61]} Schiff was viewed as representing the establishment wing of the Democratic Party, while Porter and Lee represent the progressive wing.^[62]

Schiff and Garvey won the non-partisan primary election which took place on March 5, 2024, during Super Tuesday, setting up a general election campaign between the two.^[62]

Due to California's election rules, similar to the previous election for the other seat, there were two ballot items for the same seat: a general election, to elect a Class 1 senator to a full term beginning with the 119th United States Congress, to be sworn in on January 3, 2025; and a special election, to fill that seat for the final weeks of the 118th Congress.

Connecticut

Connecticut election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Chris Murphy Matthew Corey Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 1,000,695 678,256 Percentage 58.58% 39.78%

Council of government results County results Municipality results Murphy:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Corey:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Chris Murphy Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Chris Murphy Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Connecticut

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut

Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was reelected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. He announced that he was running for a third term.^[63] Beacon Falls First Selectman Gerry Smith announced his campaign in early February 2024.^[64] The Republican primary was won by tavern owner Matthew Corey,^[65] who was the Republican nominee in 2018.^[66]

Delaware

Delaware election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Lisa Blunt Rochester Eric Hansen Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 283,298 197,753 Percentage 56.59% 39.5%

County results Blunt Rochester:      50–60%      60–70% Hansen:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Tom Carper Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Lisa Blunt Rochester Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Delaware

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware

Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was reelected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. He announced on May 22, 2023, that he would be retiring, and would not run for a fifth term.^[67]

Delaware's at-large U.S. representative Lisa Blunt Rochester ran for the Democratic nomination to succeed Carper, who endorsed her when he announced his retirement.^[68][69]

Term-limited governor John Carney was also considered a possible Democratic candidate.^[67][70] Carney announced that he was running for mayor of Wilmington.^[71]

Among Republicans, businessman Eric Hansen announced his candidacy.^[72]

Florida

Florida election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Rick Scott Debbie Mucarsel-Powell Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 5,977,706 4,603,077 Percentage 55.57% 42.79%

County results Scott:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Mucarsel-Powell:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Rick Scott Republican Elected U.S. senator Rick Scott Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Florida

See also: List of United States senators from Florida and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

Former governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was narrowly elected in 2018 with 50.06% of the vote. He ran for reelection to a second term.^[73] Brevard County assistant district attorney Keith Gross and actor John Columbus challenged Scott for the Republican nomination.^[74][75] Primary elections took place on August 20, 2024.^[76]

Scott won a second term, defeating Democratic former congresswoman Debbie Mucarsel-Powell.^[77]

Hawaii

Hawaii election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Mazie Hirono Bob McDermott Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 324,194 160,075 Percentage 64.61% 31.90%

County results Hirono:      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Mazie Hirono Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Mazie Hirono Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Hawaii

See also: List of United States senators from Hawaii and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii

Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was reelected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono ran for a third term.^[78] Former state representative Bob McDermott won a 6-candidate race to be the Republican nominee.^[79]

Indiana

Indiana election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Jim Banks Valerie McCray Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 1,659,416 1,097,061 Percentage 58.64% 38.77%

County results Banks:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% McCray:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Mike Braun Republican Elected U.S. Senator Jim Banks Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Indiana

See also: List of United States senators from Indiana and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana

One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun was retiring to prepare to run for governor of Indiana.^[40] U.S. representative Jim Banks ran unopposed in the primary after his only competition, businessman John Rust, was disqualified.^[80]

Psychologist Valerie McCray defeated former state representative Marc Carmichael for the Democratic nomination.^[81]

Maine

Maine election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Angus King Demitroula Kouzounas David Costello Party Independent Republican Democratic Popular vote 427,331 284,338 88,891 Percentage 52.06% 34.64% 10.83%

County results Municipality results King:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      90–100% Kouzonunas:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100% Costello:      80–90% Tie:      40–50%      50%

U.S. senator before election Angus King Independent Elected U.S. senator Angus King Independent

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maine

See also: List of United States senators from Maine and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine

Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was reelected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote in a three-candidate election. He intended to run for a third term, despite previously hinting that he might retire.^[82]

Democratic consultant David Costello and dentist Demitroula Kouzounas, a former Maine Republican Party chair, each won their respective party primaries unopposed.^[83] They would both face King in the general election in November.

Maryland

Maryland election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Angela Alsobrooks Larry Hogan Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 1,650,912 1,294,344 Percentage 54.64% 42.84%

County results Alsobrooks:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Hogan:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Ben Cardin Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Angela Alsobrooks Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maryland

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland

Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was reelected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. On May 1, 2023, Cardin announced he was not running for reelection.^[84]

Prince George's County executive Angela Alsobrooks defeated U.S. representative David Trone for the Democratic nomination after a contentious primary, where Trone spent heavily from his personal wealth while Alsobrooks had the support of most elected Democrats.^[85]

Former governor Larry Hogan easily defeated conservative former state delegate Robin Ficker for the Republican nomination.^[86] A popular moderate known for his political independence, Hogan had previously declined to run,^[87] but unexpectedly filed to run hours before the candidate filing deadline.^[88]

Massachusetts

Massachusetts election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Elizabeth Warren John Deaton Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 2,041,668 1,365,440 Percentage 59.81% 40.00%

County results Municipality results Warren:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100% Deaton:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Elizabeth Warren Democratic Elected U.S. senator Elizabeth Warren Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On March 27, 2023, Warren announced that she was running for reelection.^[89]

Software company owner Robert Antonellis,^[90] Quincy City Council president Ian Cain,^[91] and attorney John Deaton^[92] ran as Republicans.

Michigan

Michigan election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Elissa Slotkin Mike Rogers Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 2,712,686 2,693,680 Percentage 48.64% 48.30%

County results Slotkin:      40-50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Rogers:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Debbie Stabenow Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Elissa Slotkin Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Michigan

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan

Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was reelected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She announced on January 5, 2023, that she would retire, and would not run for a fifth term.^[16]

Representative Elissa Slotkin,^[93] and state representative Leslie Love^[94] announced their candidacies for the Democratic nomination. Businessman and 2006 Republican candidate for this seat Nasser Beydoun also declared his candidacy as a Democrat.^[95] Actor Hill Harper announced his campaign for the Democratic nomination in July 2023.^[96]

The primary took place on August 6, 2024. Former U.S. representatives Mike Rogers and Justin Amash, and hedge fund manager Sandy Pensler^[97] ran for the Republican nomination.^{[98][99][100][101]}

Representative John James, the Republican nominee for this seat in 2018 and for Michigan's other Senate seat in 2020, declined to run.^[102]

The nominees were Slotkin and Rogers, who easily won their primaries as expected.

Minnesota

Minnesota election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Amy Klobuchar Royce White Party Democratic (DFL) Republican Popular vote 1,792,441 1,291,712 Percentage 56.20% 40.50%

County results Klobuchar:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% White:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Amy Klobuchar Democratic (DFL) Elected U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar Democratic (DFL)

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Minnesota

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota

Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She ran for a fourth term.^[78]

In the August 13 Republican primary, former NBA basketball player Royce White won an eight-candidate primary with 38% of the vote, with banker and retired U.S. Navy commander Joe Fraser finishing second with 29% of the vote.^[103] Third-party candidates consisted of guardianship advocate and Republican candidate for governor in 2022, Independence-Alliance Party candidate, Joyce Lacy.^[104]

Mississippi

Mississippi election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Roger Wicker Ty Pinkins Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 763,420 451,981 Percentage 62.81% 37.19%

County results Wicker:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Pinkins:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Roger Wicker Republican Elected U.S. senator Roger Wicker Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi

Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was reelected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote. Wicker ran for a third full term. He faced a primary challenge from conservative state representative Dan Eubanks and won by a comfortable margin.^[105] Wicker would face Democratic lawyer Ty Pinkins in the general election.^[106]

Missouri

Missouri election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Josh Hawley Lucas Kunce Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 1,651,907 1,243,728 Percentage 55.57% 41.84%

County results Hawley:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Kunce:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election Josh Hawley Republican Elected U.S. Senator Josh Hawley Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Missouri

See also: List of United States senators from Missouri and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri

One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote. Hawley ran for a second term.^[107]

Marine veteran Lucas Kunce, who ran unsuccessfully for the Class III seat in 2022, won the Democratic nomination on August 6, 2024.^[108]

Hawley defeated Kunce to win reelection.

Montana

Montana election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Tim Sheehy Jon Tester Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 319,682 276,305 Percentage 52.64% 45.50%

County results Sheehy:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Tester:     50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Jon Tester Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Tim Sheehy Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Montana

See also: List of United States senators from Montana and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana

Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was narrowly reelected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote. On February 22, 2023, he announced he was running for a fourth term. Tester was one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represented states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.^[109]

Businessman and former Navy SEAL officer Tim Sheehy won the Republican nomination.^[110] U.S. representative Matt Rosendale, also a Republican, ran against Sheehy for the nomination in February,^[111] but withdrew from the race days later.^[112] Sheehy defeated Tester in the general election, marking the first since 1911 that the Republican Party controlled both of Montana's senate seats.

Nebraska

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska

There were two elections in Nebraska, due to the resignation of Ben Sasse.

Nebraska (regular)

Nebraska general election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Deb Fischer Dan Osborn Party Republican Independent Popular vote 499,124 436,493 Percentage 53.19% 46.52%

County results Fischer:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Osborn:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Deb Fischer Republican Elected U.S. senator Deb Fischer Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska

Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was reelected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she was seeking reelection, despite previously declaring an intention to retire.^[113]

Dan Osborn, a union leader and steamfitter, ran as an independent. Since Osborn declared, the Democratic Party fielded no candidates in order to endorse him, but he stated he would accept the help of no parties.^[114]

Nebraska (special)

Nebraska special election

← 2020 2026 →

Nominee Pete Ricketts Preston Love Jr. Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 585,103 349,902 Percentage 62.6% 37.4%

County results Ricketts:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Love:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Pete Ricketts Republican Elected U.S. senator Pete Ricketts Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate special election in Nebraska

Two-term Republican Ben Sasse resigned his seat on January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.^[115][15] Former governor and 2006 Senate nominee Pete Ricketts was appointed by Governor Jim Pillen, and a special election for the seat would take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. Ricketts defeated Air Force veteran John Glen Weaver for the Republican nomination.^[116] Former University of Nebraska Omaha professor Preston Love Jr. ran as a Democrat.^[117]

Nevada

Nevada election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Jacky Rosen Sam Brown Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 701,105 677,046 Percentage 47.87% 46.22%

County results Rosen:      50–60% Brown:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election Jacky Rosen Democratic Elected U.S. senator Jacky Rosen Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nevada

See also: List of United States senators from Nevada and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada

One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen was re-elected for a second term.^[78]

Veteran and 2022 Senate candidate Sam Brown was declared the Republican nominee after winning the June 11 primary.^[118] Brown easily won against former ambassador to Iceland Jeffrey Ross Gunter and former state assemblyman Jim Marchant, among others.

New Jersey

New Jersey election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Andy Kim Curtis Bashaw Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 2,161,491 1,773,589 Percentage 53.61% 43.99%

County results Municipality results Kim:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Bashaw:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election George Helmy Democratic Elected U.S. senator Andy Kim Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Jersey

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey

Democrat Bob Menendez was reelected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe reported that Menendez planned to run for a fourth full term.^[119][120] On September 22, 2023, Menendez was indicted on federal bribery charges.^[121] On March 14, 2024, a week after his planned retirement, Menendez reversed his decision and attempted to run for re-election as an Independent candidate.^[122] Following his conviction on July 16, he announced that he would resign on August 20 and suspend his candidacy.^[123][124] Governor Phil Murphy announced that day he would appoint George Helmy, his former chief of staff, to serve as the caretaker before the election.^[125]

Financier and current first lady of New Jersey Tammy Murphy also ran for the Democratic nomination, but ended her campaign in March 2024.^[126]

Mendham mayor Christine Serrano Glassner^[127] and real estate developer Curtis Bashaw^[128] ran for the Republican nomination.^[129] On June 4, 2024, Bashaw won the Republican primary in an upset.^[130]

New Mexico

New Mexico election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Martin Heinrich Nella Domenici Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 497,333 405,978 Percentage 55.06% 44.94%

County results Heinrich:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Domenici:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Martin Heinrich Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Martin Heinrich Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Mexico

See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico

Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was reelected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote in a three-candidate race. He was re-elected for a third term.^[131] Hedge fund executive Nella Domenici, daughter of Pete Domenici, senator from 1973 to 2009, announced her candidacy for the Republican nomination on January 17, 2024.^[132]

New York

New York election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Kirsten Gillibrand Mike Sapraicone Party Democratic Republican Alliance Working Families Conservative Popular vote 4,711,298 3,246,114 Percentage 58.91% 40.59%

County results Gillibrand:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Sapraicone:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Kirsten Gillibrand Democratic Elected U.S. senator Kirsten Gillibrand Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New York

See also: List of United States senators from New York and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. She was re-elected for a third full term.^[133]

Former New York City Police detective Mike Sapraicone declared his candidacy as a Republican.^[134]

North Dakota

North Dakota election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Kevin Cramer Katrina Christiansen Party Republican Democratic–NPL Popular vote 241,569 121,602 Percentage 66.31% 33.38%

County results Cramer:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Christiansen:      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Kevin Cramer Republican Elected U.S. senator Kevin Cramer Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in North Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota

One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote. Cramer ran for re-election.^[135]

Democrat Katrina Christiansen, an engineering professor from the University of Jamestown and candidate for the Senate in 2022, was her party's nominee.^[136]

Ohio

Ohio election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Bernie Moreno Sherrod Brown Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 2,857,383 2,650,949 Percentage 50.09% 46.47%

County results Moreno:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Brown:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Sherrod Brown Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Bernie Moreno Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Ohio

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was reelected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown ran for a fourth term. He was one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represented states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.^[137]

The Republican nominee was businessman Bernie Moreno, who defeated state senator Matt Dolan and secretary of state Frank LaRose in the primary election.^[138]

Moreno defeated Brown in the general election 50.1% to 46.5%.

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee David McCormick Bob Casey Jr. Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 3,399,295 3,384,180 Percentage 48.82% 48.60%

County results McCormick:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Casey:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Bob Casey Jr. Democratic Elected U.S. Senator David McCormick Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

Three-term Democrat Bob Casey Jr., was reelected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey was running for a fourth term.^[139] He was challenged by engineer Blaine Forkner.^[140]

2022 Senate candidate David McCormick was the Republican nominee.^[141] McCormick won from Casey by 48.8% to 48.6% in the November 5, 2024 general election.^[142] Initially, despite the Associated Press calling the race for McCormick, Casey refused to concede the race due to unknown numbers of outstanding provisional ballots in primarily urban areas.^[143] Senate majority leader Chuck Schumer originally did not invite McCormick to the “New Senator Orientation Event,” but Schumer relented after criticism from Republicans and independent Arizona senator Kyrsten Sinema.^[144][145] Casey eventually conceded on November 21 and McCormick was officially declared the winner.

Rhode Island

Rhode Island election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Sheldon Whitehouse Patricia Morgan Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 294,665 196,039 Percentage 59.90% 39.85%

County results Municipality results Whitehouse:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Morgan:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Sheldon Whitehouse Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Sheldon Whitehouse Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island

Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was reelected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote. He ran for a fourth term. Republicans who announced their candidacies included state representative Patricia Morgan^[146] and IT professional Raymond McKay.^[147]

Tennessee

Tennessee election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Marsha Blackburn Gloria Johnson Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 1,918,743 1,027,461 Percentage 63.80% 34.16%

County results Blackburn:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Johnson:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election Marsha Blackburn Republican Elected U.S. senator Marsha Blackburn Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee

One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote. Blackburn filed paperwork to run for reelection. The Democratic nominee was state representative Gloria Johnson.^[148]

Texas

Texas election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Ted Cruz Colin Allred Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 5,990,741 5,031,249 Percentage 53.07% 44.57%

County results Cruz:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90% Allred:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Ted Cruz Republican Elected U.S. senator Ted Cruz Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Texas

See also: List of United States senators from Texas and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas

Ted Cruz ran for a third Senate term.^[149] He faced Democratic nominee Colin Allred, a former NFL player and congressman, who defeated state senator Roland Gutierrez and state representative Carl Sherman in the primary election.^{[150][151][152]} Cruz defeated Allred on November 5, 2024, by 53.1% to 44.6%.^[153]

Utah

Utah election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee John Curtis Caroline Gleich Carlton Bowen Party Republican Democratic Independent American Popular vote 914,700 464,515 83,972 Percentage 62.50% 31.74% 5.74%

County results Curtis:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Gleich:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election Mitt Romney Republican Elected U.S. senator John Curtis Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Utah

See also: List of United States senators from Utah and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah

One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. On September 13, 2023, Romney announced he would not seek reelection in 2024.^[154]

The Republican nominee was U.S. representative John Curtis,^[155] who defeated Riverton Mayor Trent Staggs,^[156] and state House speaker Brad Wilson,^[157] in the primary election.

The Democratic nominee was professional skier Caroline Gleich.^[158]

Vermont

Vermont election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Bernie Sanders Gerald Malloy Party Independent Republican Popular vote 229,429 116,512 Percentage 63.16% 32.07%

County results Municipality results Sanders:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Malloy:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% Tie:      40–50% No data/vote:

U.S. senator before election Bernie Sanders Independent Elected U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders Independent

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Vermont

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont

Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was re-elected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote. He was challenged by artist Cris Ericson, an independent perennial candidate.^[159] Businessman Gerald Malloy, who was the Republican nominee for the Senate in 2022, secured the Republican nomination unopposed.^[160]

Virginia

Virginia election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Tim Kaine Hung Cao Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 2,314,474 1,961,719 Percentage 54.37% 45.44%

County and independent city results Kaine:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Cao:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Tim Kaine Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Tim Kaine Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was reelected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. On January 20, 2023, he confirmed he was running for reelection to a third term.^[161] Governor Glenn Youngkin, who would be term-limited in 2025, was considered a possible Republican candidate.^[162]

On July 18, 2023, Navy veteran Hung Cao announced he would run as a Republican. Cao unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives against Democrat Jennifer Wexton in 2022.^[163]

Washington

Washington election

← 2018 2030 →

Candidate Maria Cantwell Raul Garcia Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 2,252,577 1,549,187 Percentage 59.09% 40.64%

County results Cantwell:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Garcia:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Maria Cantwell Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Maria Cantwell Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Washington

See also: List of United States senators from Washington and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington

Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was reelected in 2018 with 58.4% of the vote.

Emergency room physician Raul Garcia announced that he would run as a Republican.^[164]

West Virginia

West Virginia election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Jim Justice Glenn Elliott Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 514,079 207,548 Percentage 68.75% 27.76%

County results Justice:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election Joe Manchin Independent Elected U.S. Senator Jim Justice Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia

Independent Joe Manchin, who was elected as a Democrat, was re-elected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. On November 9, 2023, Manchin announced he would not seek re-election.^[44] Since Manchin announced his retirement, all major outlets rated this seat as expected to flip to GOP control, which would put this seat in Republican hands for the first time in 68 years.

Popular governor Jim Justice easily defeated U.S. representative Alex Mooney^[165] in the Republican primary.

Wheeling mayor Glenn Elliott, who had Manchin's endorsement,^[166] defeated community organizer and U.S. Marine Corps veteran Zachary Shrewsbury and former coal executive Don Blankenship in the primary for the Democratic Party nomination.^[167]

Wisconsin

Wisconsin election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee Tammy Baldwin Eric Hovde Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 1,672,777 1,643,996 Percentage 49.33% 48.48%

County results Baldwin:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Hovde:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election Tammy Baldwin Democratic Elected U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was reelected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She ran for reelection.^[168] Hedge fund manager Eric Hovde, candidate for the Senate in 2012, announced a second attempt at the Republican nomination. Former Milwaukee County sheriff David Clarke^[169] was seen as a potential Republican challenger to Hovde's bid, but never ended up beginning a campaign for Senate.^[170][171]

Wyoming

Wyoming election

← 2018 2030 →

Nominee John Barrasso Scott Morrow Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 198,418 63,727 Percentage 75.11% 24.12%

County results Barrasso:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% Morrow:      60–70%

U.S. senator before election John Barrasso Republican Elected U.S. senator John Barrasso Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wyoming

See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming

Republican John Barrasso was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. On April 19, 2024, Barrasso announced he would run for reelection.^[172] Former Postal Union president Scott Morrow was the Democratic nominee.^[173]

Barrasso easily defeated his Republican primary challengers John Holtz and Reid Rasner on August 20, 2024.^[174]

See also

• 2024 United States elections
  • 2024 United States gubernatorial elections
  • 2024 United States presidential election
  • 2024 United States House of Representatives elections
• 118th United States Congress
• 119th United States Congress

Notes

1. Majority control in an evenly divided Senate is determined by the Vice President of the United States, who has the power to break tied votes in their constitutional capacity as President of the Senate; accordingly, Senate control requires 51 seats or 50 seats with control of the vice presidency.
2. All 4 independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, Angus King of Maine, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, and Joe Manchin of West Virginia) caucus with the Senate Democrats.^[1][2]
3. Both independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, and Angus King of Maine) caucus with the Senate Democrats.
4. Before the end of the 117th Congress, Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party, and became an independent. She later announced her retirement in March 2024.^[18] In May 2024, Joe Manchin also announced he had left the Democratic Party, and registered as an independent, citing "broken politics" as the deciding factor in his decision.^[19]
5. Included two interim appointees, Laphonza Butler (California) and George Helmy (New Jersey), who did not seek election.
6. The Independent Democrat incumbent Senators, Kyrsten Sinema and Joe Manchin, decided not to run re-election.
7. Included the interim appointee from Nebraska (Pete Ricketts) running for election.
8. Appointee elected
9. The last elections for this group of senators were in 2018, except for those elected in a special election or who were appointed after the resignation or death of a sitting senator, as noted.
10. Sinema was elected as a Democrat, and switched to being an independent in December 2022.
11. In both the regular election and the special election.
12. Democrat Dianne Feinstein won with 54.2% of the vote in 2018 against a fellow Democrat, but died in office on September 29, 2023.
13. Republican Ben Sasse won with 62.7% of the vote in 2020, but resigned January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.
14. Democrat Bob Menendez won with 54.0% of the vote in 2018, but resigned August 20, 2024, due to criminal convictions.^[36]
15. Manchin was elected as a Democrat, and switched to being an independent in May 2024.
16. Democratic total includes Independents who caucus with the Democrats.
17. Montana was the "tipping-point state".
18. In October 2023, Butler was appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Dianne Feinstein.

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