人类史上第一宗伊波拉出血热确诊个案,出现于现在的南苏丹(当时的苏丹)一个名为“恩扎拉(英语:Nzara, South Sudan)”的村落。[23][100][101]该病人为当地一家棉织厂的主人。他于6月27日发病,三天后入院,并在7月6日死亡。[7][102]引发此次爆发的元凶,为最终夺取了151人性命(总患病人数为284名)的苏丹病毒。虽然世卫人员知道他们面对的是一种新型疾病,但在相隔数月后的扎伊尔爆发中,病原体才被深入了解及命名。[102]
除了人命伤亡,疫症亦造成了经济损失及社会动荡。《金融时报》一篇报告指出,由疾病引发之资源短缺问题造成了比病毒本身更大的负面影响。[132]数以千计的利比里亚、几内亚和塞拉利昂居民受到检疫隔离,长时间缺乏足够的食物,联合国世界粮食计划署采取了相应行动。[128]8月16日,蒙罗维亚西点(英语:West Point, Monrovia)的检疫隔离中心发生了骚乱。一群示威者大肆破坏以示对政府及医护人员的不满,他们称此次爆发乃当局的凿空之论。不少正受医疗监护的病人(连带沾有鲜血的床上用品)逃脱,为疫情雪上加霜。[133]
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