Jiha ce a Najeriya From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jihar Abiya Jiha ce dake yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya, wacce ta hada iyaka daga arewa, da kuma arewa maso kudu da jihohin Enugu da Ebonyi; sai kuma daga yamma da Jihar Imo, Jihar Cross River daga gabas, Akwa Ibom daga kudu maso gabas, sai kuma Jihar Rivers daga kudu. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga yankunan da suka fi kowanne yawan jama'a a garin: Aba, Bende, Isuikwuato, da kuma Arochukwu.[1] Babban birnin jihar itace Umuahia[2], a yayin da Aba[3] ta kasance mafi girma kuma cibiyar kasuwancin garin.[4]
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Abia (en) | |||||
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Wuri | |||||
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Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Najeriya | ||||
Babban birni | Umuahia | ||||
Yawan mutane | |||||
Faɗi | 3,727,347 (2016) | ||||
• Yawan mutane | 589.77 mazaunan/km² | ||||
Harshen gwamnati | Turanci | ||||
Labarin ƙasa | |||||
Yawan fili | 6,320 km² | ||||
Sun raba iyaka da | |||||
Bayanan tarihi | |||||
Mabiyi | Imo | ||||
Ƙirƙira | 27 ga Augusta, 1991 | ||||
Tsarin Siyasa | |||||
Majalisar zartarwa |
Executive Council of Abia State (en) ![]() | ||||
Gangar majalisa |
Abia State House of Assembly (en) ![]() | ||||
Bayanan Tuntuɓa | |||||
Lambar aika saƙo | 440001 | ||||
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | |||||
Lamba ta ISO 3166-2 | NG-AB | ||||
Wasu abun | |||||
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Yanar gizo | abiastate.gov.ng |
Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Abia itace ta 32 a fadin kasa kuma na 27 a yawan jama'a da kiyasin mutane akalla 3,720,000 a bisa kidayar shekara ta 2016.[5] Dangane da yanayin kasa, jihar ta kasu zuwa kashi biyu, Niger Delta swamp forests daga karshen kudancin garin, da kuma busasshen yanayi na Cross–Niger transition forests da yanayi savanna a sauran sassan garin. Sauran muhimman yankunan garin sun hada da Rafukan Imo and Aba wadanda ke kwarara ta yammaci da kudancin iyakar Abiya.
Akwai yaruka da dama da suke zaune a Jihar Abiya a yau, musamman Inyamurai. A lokacin mulkin turawa, yankin Jihar Abiya ta yau na daga cikin yankin mutanen Arochukwu na Daular Aro kafin a turawa su ci su da yaki a Yakin Yakin Anglo-Aro a farkon karni na 1900. Turawa sun mamaye yankin bayan yakin, kuma suka sanya ta cikin Yankin Kudancin Najeriya karkashin kariyar Turawa, wacce daga baya aka hadeta cikin yankin Najeriya ta Mulkin Burtaniya; bayan an hade ta, Jihar Abiya ta zamo cibiyar adawa ga mulkin mallaka turawa wanda ya janyo yakin mata da aka fara a Oloko.
Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, Jihar Abiya ta yau na daga cikin Yankin Kudancin Najeriya , har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka rarraba yankin zuwa yankin Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan faruwar hakan, tsohuwar yankin na Gashin Najeriya ta jawo yakin basasa na tsawon shekaru uku a Najeriya, tare da Abiya na daga cikin garuruwan tawaye na Biyafara. Bayan yakin ya kare kuma an sake hade yankunan a Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya har zuwa 1976 lokacin da Murtala Mohammed ya samar da sabuwar Jihar Imo (wacce ta hada da JIhar Abiya a cikin ta). Bayan shekaru sha biyar, an sake raba Jihar Imo inda aka cire gabashin Imo don samar da Jihar Abiya; amma a shekarar 1996, an sake raba jihar Abiya inda aka samar da Jihar Ebonyi ta yau.[6]
Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, Jihar Abiya ta ta'allaka a samar da man-fetur da natural gas dadi da noma, musamman na doya, masara, taro, man-ja da rogo. Akwai kamfanoni sarrafe-sarrafe musamman a yankin Aba.[7] Dangane da saurin habakar ta a fuskar yawan jama'a da masanaantu, Abiya ta shiga na 8 daga cikin jerin cigaban al'umma a Najeriya.[8]
Tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 6,320 da yawan jama’a milyan biyu da dubu dari takwas da talatin da uku da dari tara da tisa'in da tara (kidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2006). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce Umuahia. Okezie Ikpeazu shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne Ude Okochukwu. Dattijan jihar su ne: Eyinnaya Abaribe, Theodore A. Orji da Mao Ohuabunwa[9][10].
Jihar Abiya wacce ta mamaye fadin kasa kimanin 6,320sqkm, ta hada iyaka daga kudu da kudu maso gabas da jihohin Enugu da Ebonyi. Jihar Imo daga yamma, Jihar Cross River daga gabas da kuma Jihar Akwa Ibom daga kudu maso gabas, sai kuma Jihar Rivers daga kudu. Sashin kudancin garin na fuskantar ruwan sama mai karfi na kimanin 2,400 millimetres (94 in) a duk shekara, kuma yafi karfi a tsakanin watannin Aprelu zuwa Octoba.[11] Rafuka mafi muhimmanci a jihar sune; Imo da Kogin Aba wanda ke kwarara acikin tekun Atlantic ta jihar Akwa Ibom.[12]
Abiya na daga cikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya kuma tana da kananan hukumomi guda 17. An kafa jihar Abiya a ranar 27 ga watan Augustan shekara ta 1991, a lokacin mulkin General Ibrahim Babangida. Jihar na zaune a yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. An samar da jihar Abiya daga cikin jihar Imo kuma jihohin biyu sun hada iyaka. Jihar Abiya na daga cikin garuruwan Niger Delta. Babba birnin jihar itace Abiya, sannan ana mata lakabi da GOD’s OWN STATE. Jihar Abiya ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga yankunan ta hudu da sukafi ko ina yawa wato: Aba, Bende, Isuikwuato, da Afikpo.[13][14]
Jihar Abiya jiha ce ta Inyamurai kuma da yaren Igbonci ake magana a garin. Inyamurai ne suka cike kusan kaso 95% na yawan mutanen garin.[15] Sannan haka zalika ana amfani da harshen turanci a garin, kuma shine matsayin yaren gwamnati da kuma cinikayya. A jihar Abiya, fiye da mutum miliyan 7 kiristoci ne.[16]
Samar da man-fetur da gas sune muhimman tattalin arzikin Jihar Abiya, wanda yake wakiltan kaso 39% na kudaden shiga (GDP) na Jihar.[17] Amma duk da haka kwararan kamfanonin gida na jihar dangane da shirin Marginal Fields Programme (MFP)- na samun karancin kudade da zai basu damar hakan mai a rijiyoyi kusan 50 dake jihar.[18]
Masana'antun kere-kere na wakiltar kudaden shiga kashi 2% kacal.[17] Cibiyar masana'antun Jihar Abia na nan a birnin Aba, wanda suka hada da kamfanonin sarrafa magunguna, sabulai, robobi, siminti, takalma da kuma kayan kwalliya.[19] Bugu da kari, Jihar Abiya ta samar da wurin taro na kasa da kasa mai daukan mutum akalla 9000 a babban birnin Umuahia. Gwamna T.A Orji ya gina wannan katafaren wuri don bunkasa tattalin arziki ta hanyar tarar baki a tarukan kasa da kasa ko kuma na gida Najeriya da kuma masu yawan bude idanu a Jihar.
Noma na wakiltar kaso 27% na kudaden shiga na Jihar (GDP), kuma ta samar da aiki ga kaso 70% na mutanen garin.[17] Dangane da ruwan sama mai yawa a Jihar, Abiya na da kasar noma mai kyau kuma suna noman doya, masara, dankali shinkafa, kashuw, plantain, taro da kuma rogo.[19] Kwakwan manja ya kasance muhimmin kayan masarufi na siyarwa a Jihar.[19]
Akwai akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 100 da kuma masarrafu guda uku a jihar Abiya.[20][21] Akwai kuma masarrafar gas na "Abia/NNPC gas plant".[21] Yi zuwa shekara ta 2012, cibiyar boundary C ta sanar da cewa ta maido da rijiyoyin mai 42 daga Jihar Rivers zuwa Abiya.[21] Hakan na nufin cewa, Jihar Abiya ta zamo na hudu a samar da man fetur a Najeriya.[21] Mashahuriyar kamfanin man fetur wato Shell, ke da mallakin mafiya yawan rijiyoyin man da ke Jihar, kuma ta ware kusan guda 50 wanda ake dauka a matsayin mafi muhimmanci.
Jihar tana samar da 36,000 barrels na man-fetur a duk rana; "Imoturu na samar da barrel 23,000 a duk rana; a yayin da ita kuma tashar man-fetur na Isimili ke samar da fiye da ganga 8,000 a duk rana.[21] Akwai rijiyoyin mai guda 4 a yankin mabubbugan Izaku zuwa Obigo. Akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 30 suna kwarara zuwa Umuri sannan kuma akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 8 suna kwarara daga Umurie zuwa Afam" kamar yadda Samuel Okezie Nwogu, Chairman na Abia State Oil Producing Development Area Commission (ASOPADEC). Amma duk da haka, jihar na kukan rashin isasshen kudi daga kudaden da ake samu na man fetur daga Gwamnatin Tarayya.[21]
Kungiyar kula da muhalli wato Municipal solid waste management (MSWM), ke da alhakin kwashe shara da tattara ta, da zubar da ita don tabbatar da cewa bata cutar da mutane ba. Akwai matsaloli da dama da suke jawo tara shara a yankuna birane, wanda suka hada da yanayin samun kudi, yanayin sararin samaniya, birane da kuma habakar tattalin arziki.[22] Ma'aikatar MSW a jihar Abiya ta kasu kashi uku;
Akwai jami'oi shida a jihar, akwai na gwamnatin tarayya wato Michael Okpara University of Agriculture a Umudike,[24] Abia State University a Uturu, akwai kuma ta 'yan kasuwa Gregory University dake Uturu,[25] Rhema University a Abia,[26] Spiritan University a Umu Nneochi da kuma Clifford University da ke Owerrinta.
Akwai kuma kwalejin Ilimi na Abiya dake Arochukwu, akwai kuma kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya dake Aba. Temple Gate Polytechnic dake a Aba, da kuma Abia State Polytechnic.[27]
Tashar jirgin sama mafi kusa a Jihar Abiya itace tashar Sam Mbakwe Cargo Airport (Tashar Jirgin sama na Owerri), tafiyar sa'a daya na iya kai mutum i zuwa Umuahia, Aba kuma tafiyar sa'a biyu ne zuwa Tashar jirgin saman Port Harcourt International Airport. Za'a iya ziyartar tashar jirgin sama na Akwa Ibom Airport (dake Akwa Ibom). Akwai nisan kimanin kilomita 73.28 (45.53 mi) a tsakanin Birnin Uyo (Akwa Ibom) da Birnin Umuahia (Abia).
Har wayau, akwai kuma tashar jirgin kasa wacce ake zirga-zirga ta hanyoyinta, amma ana kan gyaranta a yanzu. Aba ta hade da jihar Porthacourt ta titin jirgin kasa. Birnin Umuahia ta hade da Aba da Enugu ta titin jirgin kasa. Ana iya zirga zirga ta yankunan ruwayen garin akan jirgin ruwa ko kwale-kwale.
A kasa akwai jerin harsuna da ake amfani dasu a Jihar Abiya dangane da kananan hukumominsu:[28]
LGA | Languages |
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Arochukwu | Inyamuranci |
Ini | Inyamuranci |
Obi Ngwa | Inyamuranci |
Umuahia South | Inyamuranci |
Umuahia North | Inyamuranci |
Ikwuano | Inyamuranci |
Isiukwato | Inyamuranci |
Ukwa West | Inyamuranci |
Aba South | Inyamuranci |
Aba North | Inyamuranci |
Isiala Ngwa North | Inyamuranci |
Isiala Ngwa South | Inyamuranci |
Obingwa | Inyamuranci |
Umunneochi | Inyamuranci |
Ugwunagbo | Inyamuranci |
Ukwa East | Inyamuranci |
Gwamnan jihar shi ke gudanar da harkokin siyasa a jihar tare da taimakon mukarrabansa na majalisar dokokin jihar. Babban birnin Jihar itace Umuahia.[29] Akwai kananan hukumomi 17 a jihar.
A lokacin da ta zamo jiha a 1991, shugaban kasa Ibrahim Babangida ya nada jagoran yankin wato Frank Ajobena kafin a zabi Ogbonnaya Onu a matsayin gwamna a Tarayyar Najeriya ta uku. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, shugabankasa Sani Abacha ya kawo karshen Tarayyar Najeriya ta Uku (Third Republic) kuma ya tilasta mulkin soja a ko ina. A zamanin mulkin Abacha, an sake nada mutane uku (Chinyere Ike Nwosu, Temi Ejoor, da kuma Moses Fasanya) har zuwa lokacin da Abacha ya mutu shi kuma Abdulsalami Abubakar ya cigaba da mulki. Abubakar ya sake nada mai gudanarwa soja Anthony Obi, kafin a fara aiki da dimukradiyya a shekarar 1998.
A 1999, Najeriya ta cigaba da bin tsarin dimukradiyya kuma an zabi Orji Uzor Kalu a matsayin gwamna a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP. An rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 1999. A sabon zabe a shekara ta 2003, Kalu ya sake fitowa takarar gwamna kuma an sake zabar sa har zuwa shekara ta 2007 inda wa'adinsa na wa'adi biyu suka zo karshe. Theodore Orji (PPA) yayi nasarar kayar da Onyema Ugochukwu (PDP) a zaben gwmanan jihar Abiya a 2007. A zaben shekara ta 2011, Theodore Orji ya fice daga jam'iyyar PPA zuwa jam'iyyar PDP bayan nan a sake zaben shi don komawa wa'adi na biyu a matsayin gwamna.
A zaben shekara ta 2015, an zabi Okezie Ikpeazu (PDP) a matsayin gwamnan jihar Abiya na tara.[30] Ya sake yin nasara a zaben shekara ta 2015, inda ya kayar da Uche Ogah na jam'iyyar APC da Alex Otti na jam'iyyar APGA kuma an rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 2019.
Jihar Abia nada Kananan Hukumomi guda goma sha bakwai (17), Sune:
Mukami | Ethnic Group | Suna | Class | Karamar Hukuma | Fada |
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Enyi (Eze) na Aba | Igbo / Eziama Aba | Eze Issac Ikonne | 1 | Aba ta Arewa | Osusu Aba |
Ochiudo 1 na Aba Ukwu | Igbo / Aba | Jonathan U. oguejiofor (JP): Alkalin Zaman Lafiya na Tarayyar Nijeriya, Jihar Abia | |||
Osimiri III na Aba | Igbo / Aba | Eze (Barrister) Sunday Emejiaka | 1 | Aba ta Kudu | Aba |
Eze Aro | Igbo / Arochukwu | Mazi Ogbonnaya Vincent Okoro (Eze Aro III) | 1 | Arochukwu | Oro Arochukwu |
Ugwumba 1 na Ndida Ozaar | Igbo / Asa | Eze Samuel Chukwuemeka Agu | Ukwa ta Yamma | Umuebulungwu, Ndida Ozaar | |
Ike 1 na Ikeisu | Igbo / Isu | Augustine O. Igwe (Ike I) | ? | Arochukwu | Ikeisu (Utugiyi) |
Ezeala III na Aro Ngwa | Igbo / Aro Ngwa | Eze Edward Enwereji | ? | Osisioma Ngwa | |
Ugo Oha (Eze) na Etiti Mgboko Umuanunu | Igbo / Etiti | Ngozi Ibekwe | 1 | Obi ngwa | |
Eze 1 na ovukwu abam onyerubi | Igbo / Ndi oji Abam | Oriji Ojembe | 1 | Isuikwuato | ? |
Eze Ukwu 1 of Ngwa-Ukwu | Igbo / Ngwa | Benard Enweremadu | 1 | Isiala Ngwa | Ngwa Ukwu Kingdom. The ancestral home of Ngwa Land. |
Nya 1 of Nunya | Igbo / Oguduasaa | M.E. Ihevume | ? | Isuikwuato | Nunya Autonomous Community |
Ossah-Ibeku (Eze) of Umuahia[31] | Igbo / Osaa | HRH Nze Hope Onuigbo | X | X | Umuahia Amibo, Nsukwe |
Eze of Uturu | Igbo / Uturu | A.E. Ude | ? | Isuikwuato | Uturu |
Igbojiakuru (Eze) of Alayi | Igbo / Alayi | Ukeje Philip | ? | Bende | Ndi Elendu, Amaeke Alayi |
Awu (Eze)of Isuamawu | Igbo / Isuikwuato | Surveyor Chris E Aboh,FNIS | ? | Isuikwuato | Eluama Isuama |
Enachioken Of Abiriba | Igbo / Abiriba | Kalu Kalu Ogbu | 1 | Ohafia | Abiriba |
Ohanyere I Of Ohiya | Igbo / Umuahia | Eze Abel E. Uhuegbue | ? | Umuahia South | Abia |
Eze Ohanyere I Of Ahiaba Ubi | Igbo / Isiala Ngwa | Eze D.O. Ogbuisi | ? | Isiala Ngwa North | Abia |
EZE TOWE 1 of umutowe. | Igbo / Ohiya | Eze G. C Onwuka | ? | Umuahia South | Abia |
Ome Udo II Of Umueze, Ohiya | Igbo / Ohiya | Uche Nwamarah | ? | Umuahia South | Abia |
Okaa Omee I of Amaikwu, Abia | Igbo / Ohiya | Uche Nwamarah | ? | Umuahia South | Abia |
"Ehi II" of Ehi na Uguru Auto. Comm, Umuguru | Igbo / Umuguru | Eze E. E. Eluwa | 1 | Isiala Ngwa South | |
"Ochi 1" of Ochi na Isuochi. Comm, Umunneochi | Igbo / Umu Nneochi | HRM EZEKWESIRI | 1 | Umu Nneochi | Abia |