衝
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
衝 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人竹土弓 (HOHGN), four-corner 21104, composition ⿴行重 or ⿲彳重亍)
Derived characters
- 𧁬
Related characters
- 冲 (Simplified Chinese) - Note: also the simplified form of 沖
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1110, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34069
- Dae Jaweon: page 1574, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 843, character 2
- Unihan data for U+885D
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 衝 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 撞 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 幢 | *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs |
| 橦 | *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 噇 | *rdoːŋ |
| 𩪘 | *rdoːŋ |
| 艟 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 憧 | *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ |
| 畽 | *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 董 | *toːŋʔ |
| 蕫 | *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 箽 | *toːŋʔ |
| 懂 | *toːŋʔ |
| 湩 | *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs |
| 曈 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 童 | *doːŋ |
| 僮 | *doːŋ |
| 瞳 | *doːŋ |
| 罿 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 犝 | *doːŋ |
| 潼 | *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 穜 | *doːŋ, *doŋ |
| 動 | *doːŋʔ |
| 慟 | *doːŋs |
| 堹 | *toŋs |
| 諥 | *toŋs |
| 蹱 | *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ |
| 重 | *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs |
| 緟 | *doŋ, *doŋs |
| 蝩 | *doŋ |
| 褈 | *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ |
| 鐘 | *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ |
| 鍾 | *tjoŋ |
| 籦 | *tjoŋ |
| 種 | *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs |
| 腫 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 踵 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 歱 | *tjoŋʔ |
| 喠 | *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ |
| 偅 | *tjoŋs |
| 衝 | *tʰjoŋ |
| 揰 | *tʰjoŋs |
| 尰 | *djoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjoŋ) : semantic 行 + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cung1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chṳ̆ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tshon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chong
- Wade–Giles: chʻung1
- Yale: chūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
- Palladius: чун (čun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cung1
- Yale: chūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung1
- Guangdong Romanization: cung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
- Hakka Romanization System: cungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cung1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chṳ̆ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰyŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- chhiong - literary;
- cheng - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: tsyhowng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰoŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjoŋ/
Definitions
衝
- to go straight ahead; to rush; to charge; to dash
- to clash; to collide
- 梁麗可以衝城，而不可以窒穴，言殊器也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Liánglì kěyǐ chōng chéng, ér bù kěyǐ zhì xué, yán shū qì yě. [Pinyin]
- A battering ram may be used against the wall of a city, but it cannot be employed to stop up a hole - the uses of implements are different.
梁丽可以冲城，而不可以窒穴，言殊器也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- thoroughfare; important place
Synonyms
- (to collide):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 撞 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 撞 |
| Taiwan | 撞 | |
| Malaysia | 撞 | |
| Singapore | 撞 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 碰, 撞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 撞 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 撞 |
| Wuhan | 闖, 撞 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 撞 |
| Hefei | 撞, 鏨 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 撞 |
| Hong Kong | 撞 | |
| Yangjiang | 揰, 撞 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 撞 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鄧, 撞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 撞 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 撞, 碰 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 摏 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 㨂, 碰 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 衝, 挵 |
| Quanzhou | 衝, 挵 | |
| Zhangzhou | 衝, 挵 | |
| Tainan | 衝, 挵 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 挵 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 挵 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 衝, 挵 | |
| Chaozhou | 撞 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 撞, 挵 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 撞 |
| Wenzhou | 撞 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 撞, 摜 |
| Shuangfeng | 撞 | |
Compounds
- 一衝一撞／一冲一撞
- 一飛衝天／一飞冲天
- 俯衝／俯冲 (fǔchōng)
- 價值衝突／价值冲突
- 六衝／六冲
- 厭難折衝／厌难折冲
- 反衝力／反冲力 (fǎnchōnglì)
- 大衝／大冲 (dàchōng)
- 天剋地衝／天克地冲
- 左衝右突／左冲右突 (zuǒchōngyòutū)
- 怒氣衝衝／怒气冲冲
- 怒髮衝冠／怒发冲冠 (nùfàchōngguān)
- 折衝／折冲 (zhéchōng)
- 折衝厭難／折冲厌难
- 折衝樽俎／折冲樽俎 (zhéchōngzūnzǔ)
- 折衝禦侮／折冲御侮
- 撞陣衝軍／撞阵冲军
- 東衝西突／东冲西突
- 梯衝／梯冲
- 橫衝直撞／横冲直撞 (héngchōngzhízhuàng)
- 沖神／冲神
- 沖罐／冲罐
- 渠衝／渠冲
- 猛衝／猛冲
- 緩衝／缓冲 (huǎnchōng)
- 緩衝區／缓冲区 (huǎnchōngqū)
- 緩衝地帶／缓冲地带
- 脈衝／脉冲 (màichōng)
- 脈衝式／脉冲式
- 脈衝星／脉冲星 (màichōngxīng)
- 艨衝／艨冲
- 蒙衝／蒙冲
- 衝冠／冲冠
- 衝冠髮怒／冲冠发怒
- 衝出／冲出
- 衝刺／冲刺 (chōngcì)
- 衝剋／冲克
- 衝力／冲力 (chōnglì)
- 衝勁／冲劲
- 衝動／冲动 (chōngdòng)
- 衝卵／冲卵
- 衝口／冲口
- 衝口而出／冲口而出 (chōngkǒu'érchū)
- 衝口而發／冲口而发
- 衝堅陷陣／冲坚陷阵
- 衝州撞府／冲州撞府
- 衝心／冲心
- 衝摐／冲𪭢
- 衝撞／冲撞 (chōngzhuàng)
- 衝擊／冲击 (chōngjī)
- 衝擊波／冲击波 (chōngjībō)
- 衝數／冲数
- 衝斷層／冲断层
- 衝殺／冲杀 (chōngshā)
- 衝決／冲决 (chōngjué)
- 衝波激浪／冲波激浪
- 衝波逆折／冲波逆折
- 衝浪／冲浪 (chōnglàng)
- 衝激／冲激
- 衝然／冲然
- 衝犯／冲犯
- 衝破／冲破 (chōngpò)
- 衝程／冲程
- 衝突／冲突 (chōngtū)
- 衝蓯／冲苁
- 衝要／冲要
- 衝量／冲量 (chōngliàng)
- 衝鋒／冲锋 (chōngfēng)
- 衝鋒槍／冲锋枪 (chōngfēngqiāng)
- 衝鋒陷陣／冲锋陷阵 (chōngfēngxiànzhèn)
- 衝陷／冲陷 (chōngxiàn)
- 衝頭陣／冲头阵
- 衝風／冲风
- 要衝／要冲 (yàochōng)
- 角色衝突／角色冲突
- 首當其衝／首当其冲 (shǒudāngqíchōng)
- 髮上衝冠／发上冲冠
- 髮踊衝冠／发踊冲冠
Descendants
- → Vietnamese: xông
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cung3
- Eastern Min (BUC): cháe̤ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chòng
- Wade–Giles: chʻung4
- Yale: chùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chonq
- Palladius: чун (čun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cung3
- Yale: chung
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung3
- Guangdong Romanization: cung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cháe̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔyŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng
- Tâi-lô: tshiòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: chioxng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiāng
- Tâi-lô: tshiāng
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiang
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
Note:
- chhiòng - literary;
- chhèng - vernacular;
- chhiāng - ("to encounter").
Definitions
衝
- to face
- to punch; to stamp
- powerful; vigorous
- pungent; (of smell) strong
- towards; at; to
- in view of
- (Hokkien) to rise; to go up; to soar; to ascend
- (Hokkien, of smoke or water) to discharge; to gush; to burst out; to spout
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to scent; to odorize; to infuse with the scent of another
- (Hokkien) domineering; arrogant
- (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collide; to impact; to run into; to hit
- (Hokkien) to bump into; to encounter; to meet accidentally
- (Hokkien, cooking) to simmer
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to generate; to yield; to produce (a certain result)
Synonyms
- (to encounter):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 遇, 碰, 遭 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 遇, 碰 |
| Malaysia | 遇, 碰 | |
| Singapore | 遇, 碰 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 遇, 撞 |
| Hong Kong | 遇, 撞 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 遇, 撞 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 遇 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 遇, 撞 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 拄, 撞, 衝, 磅 |
| Quanzhou | 拄, 撞, 衝 | |
| Zhangzhou | 拄, 衝 | |
| Tainan | 拄, 撞, 磅 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 拄 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 拄 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 拄, 遇 | |
| Chaozhou | 遇, 堵 | |
| Shantou | 遇 | |
| Jieyang | 遇, 堵 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 堵 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 碰 |
Compounds
Kanji
衝
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Noun
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 衝 (MC tsyhowng).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 쵸ᇰ (Yale: chyong) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 츙 (chyung) (Yale: chyung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰuŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [충]
Hanja
Wikisource 衝 (eumhun 찌를 충 (jjireul chung))
Compounds
References
Han character
衝: Hán Nôm readings: xung, giong, tông, xong, xông, xúng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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