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童

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

童 U+7AE5, 童
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AE5
← 竤
[U+7AE4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 竦 →
[U+7AE6]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
12 strokes
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More information Stroke order (Japan) ...
Stroke order (Japan)
12 strokes
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Han character

童 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿田土 (YTWG), four-corner 00104, composition ⿱立里)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 871, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25775
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1302, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2711, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+7AE5

Chinese

More information simp. and trad., 2nd round simp. ...
simp. and trad.
 童
2nd round simp. 仝
alternative forms 𬔥
𥪿
𥫍
僮 servant boy
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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 童, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character 童
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
撞 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦 *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇 *rdoːŋ
𩪘 *rdoːŋ
艟 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽 *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董 *toːŋʔ
蕫 *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽 *toːŋʔ
懂 *toːŋʔ
湩 *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童 *doːŋ
僮 *doːŋ
瞳 *doːŋ
罿 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝 *doːŋ
潼 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜 *doːŋ, *doŋ
動 *doːŋʔ
慟 *doːŋs
堹 *toŋs
諥 *toŋs
蹱 *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重 *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟 *doŋ, *doŋs
蝩 *doŋ
褈 *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘 *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾 *tjoŋ
籦 *tjoŋ
種 *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫 *tjoŋʔ
踵 *tjoŋʔ
歱 *tjoŋʔ
喠 *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅 *tjoŋs
衝 *tʰjoŋ
揰 *tʰjoŋs
尰 *djoŋʔ
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Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 䇂 (“chisel”) + 見 (“kneeling person with a huge eye”). It depicts a person getting their eye (目) gouged out, a common punishment for slaves in ancient China. Compare 民, 臧.

In bronze inscriptions, the phonetic component 東 (OC *toːŋ) was added, making the character phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声).

In the modern form 䇂 has corrupted into 立. The bottom 里 derives from 東 combining with 土, similar to 重.

Etymology

“child; servant boy; virgin; bare”
Löffler (1966) compares it to Kukish dong (“boy”); see also Rengmitca tong-kléng' (“boy”), Areng thon-dén (“boy”) (Löffler, 1960). Schuessler (2007) also compares it to Hmong-Mien: White Hmong tub (“son”), Iu Mien dorn (“son”).
“shaman”
Norman and Mei (1976) proposed that the Min Chinese word for “shaman” (*-dəŋA), written as 童, is from an Austroasiatic substratum, cognate with Vietnamese đồng, Mon ဒံၚ် (tòŋ, “to dance while under daemonic possession; to proceed by leaps”), ဒေါၚ် (tòŋ, “shaman called in to organise kəlok dances”). This is rebutted in Sagart (2008), who cited the wide distribution of the sense “magician; sorcerer” in late 19th-century & early 20th-century Chinese and the secondary meaning of 童 as “servant; messenger”, describing the resemblance between the Min and Austroasiatic terms as “undoubtedly fortuitous”.

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 童
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒紅切
Baxter duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /duŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /duŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /duŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dəwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /duŋ/
Wang
Li		 /duŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /dʱuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 tung4
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More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 童
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tóng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ duwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[d]ˁoŋ/
English boy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 童
Reading # 1/1
No. 17439
Phonetic
component		 重
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 同
Old
Chinese		 /*doːŋ/
Notes 說文重省聲
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Note:
  • tâng - vernacular;
  • tông - literary (incl. surname);
  • thâng - alternative reading for surname sense.

Definitions

童

  1. child
    兒童／儿童  ―  értóng  ―  child
    童子  ―  tóngzǐ  ―  boy
    童年  ―  tóngnián  ―  childhood
    這家商店童鞋有現貨。 [MSC, trad.]
    这家商店童鞋有现货。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiā shāngdiàn tóngxié yǒu xiànhuò. [Pinyin]
    The store had children's shoes in stock.
    那個病童的情況今天看起來比昨天更不妙。 [MSC, trad.]
    那个病童的情况今天看起来比昨天更不妙。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nà ge bìngtóng de qíngkuàng jīntiān kànqǐlái bǐ zuótiān gèng bùmiào. [Pinyin]
    The sick child looks still worse today than yesterday.
  2. young servant; servant boy
    門童／门童  ―  méntóng  ―  doorman
    書童／书童  ―  shūtóng  ―  page boy
    球童  ―  qiútóng  ―  caddie
  3. (Min, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu) shaman
  4. virgin
  5. bald; bare; exposed
    童山濯濯  ―  tóngshān zhuózhuó  ―  hills denuded of vegetation
  6. a surname
    童貫／童贯  ―  Tóng Guàn  ―  Tong Guan (Song dynasty court eunuch)
  7. 12th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "youthfulness" (𝌑)

Compounds

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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