通

通 U+901A, 通 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-901A ← 這 [U+9019] CJK Unified Ideographs 逛 → [U+901B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

通 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜弓戈月 (YNIB), four-corner 3730₂, composition ⿺辶甬)

Derived characters

• 嗵 樋 熥 蓪 𡠙 𢄟 𢠆 𢳟 𣻢 𦄷 𦪏 𧐺 𫍌 𨫤 𩐹 𨙖 𨖕 𥲆 𫮢 𮃫 𭀶 𬩐

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38892
• Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3845, character 8
• Unihan data for U+901A

Chinese

trad.		通
simp. #		通
alternative forms		迵 (thàng) Hokkien

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 通 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 通 (Cantonese)
• Thong (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	*l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	*l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	*ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	通
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他紅切
Baxter	thuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəwŋ/
Li Rong	/tʰuŋ/
Wang Li	/tʰuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	通
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tōng
Middle Chinese	‹ thuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁoŋ/
English	penetrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	通
Reading #	1/1
No.	15428
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	通
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰoːŋ/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): tōng, tòng (tong¹, tong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ, ㄊㄨㄥˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tung¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): huung¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tung¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): tung¹
• Northern Min (KCR): tóng
• Eastern Min (BUC): tĕ̤ng / tŭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tang¹ / torng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thang / thong / thàng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tang¹ / tong¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹thon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tong
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung¹
    • Yale: tūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tong
    • Palladius: тун (tun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tòng
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung⁴
    • Yale: tùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonq
    • Palladius: тун (tun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tòngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tòngr
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale: tùngr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonql
    • Palladius: тунр (tunr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊ̃ɻ⁵¹/

Note:

• tòng and tòngr - Mainland standard for classifier for actions;
• tōng - other senses.

• • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: tong¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tung¹
    • Yale: tūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: huung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: tung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰũŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tĕ̤ng / tŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰøyŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
• tĕ̤ng - vernacular;
• tŭng - literary.
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵³³/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: torng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɒŋ⁵³³/
Note:
• tang1 - vernacular;
• torng1 - literary.
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thang
    • Tâi-lô: thang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tafng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /tʰaŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong
    • Tâi-lô: thong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /tʰɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàng
    • Tâi-lô: thàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: taxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰaŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰaŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tʰaŋ²¹/
Note:
• thang - vernacular ("can, may");
• thong - literary ("to be clear, clear, to clear, entire, clearly");
• thàng - vernacular ("to go through, all throughout").
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tang¹ / tong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thang / thong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ³³/, /tʰoŋ³³/
Note:
• tang1 - vernacular;
• tong1 - literary.
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹thon
    • MiniDict: thon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹thon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰoŋ⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: thuwng

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰoːŋ/

Definitions

通

1. to pass through; to travel through; to go through; or, to allow passage

   通心粉  ―  tōngxīnfěn  ―  macaroni (lit. "pass-through heart pasta")

   講唔通／讲唔通 [Cantonese]  ―  gong² m⁴ tung¹ [Jyutping]  ―  unable to have someone understand what one is talking about (lit. "unable to talk through")

   • 仲夏行冬令，則雹凍傷穀，道路不通，暴兵來至。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     仲夏行冬令，则雹冻伤谷，道路不通，暴兵来至。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Zhòngxià xíng dōnglìng, zé báo dòng shāng gǔ, dàolù bù tōng, bàobīng lái zhì. [Pinyin]

     If, in the second month of summer, the governmental proceedings of winter were observed, hail and cold would injure the grain; the roads would not be passable; and violent assaults of war would come.

   • 五方之民，言語不通，嗜欲不同。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     五方之民，言语不通，嗜欲不同。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Wǔ fāng zhī mín, yányǔ bù tōng, shìyù bù tóng. [Pinyin]

     In those five regions, the languages of the people were not mutually intelligible, and their likings and desires were different.

2. through- (spanning across; going between)

   通道  ―  tōngdào  ―  passageway; thoroughfare

   通谷  ―  tōnggǔ  ―  through valley

3. pipe-shaped object

   鐵通／铁通 [Cantonese]  ―  tit³ tung¹ [Jyutping]  ―  iron pipe

4. (telephony) to get through

   我打咗幾次都打唔通。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我打咗几次都打唔通。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ daa² zo² gei² ci³ dou¹ daa² m⁴ tung¹. [Jyutping]

   I tried to call several times but couldn't get through.

5. Classifier for phone calls, talks, criticisms, etc.
6. Classifier for actions.

   • 我這一介紹，嗬，他們這一通買。 [Beijing Mandarin, trad.]
     我这一介绍，嗬，他们这一通买。 [Beijing Mandarin, simp.]

     From: 2000, 梁左 and 梁歡, 《閒人馬大姐》, Episode 6

     Wǒ zhè yī jièshào, hē, tāmen zhè yī tòng mǎi. [Pinyin]

     They went on a buying frenzy after just a bit of advertising from me.

7. to make sense; to be logical
8. expert

   中國通／中国通  ―  zhōngguótōng  ―  one who knows China very much

9. (of Chinese characters) to be etymologically related to and carry a similar meaning to

   ……通「國」／……通「国」  ―  ...... tōng “guó”  ―  … is the same as "國／国 (guó)"

10. (Southern Min) can; may

    alt. forms: 可, 倘

    這通食無？／这通食无？ [Hokkien]  ―  Che thang chia̍h--bô? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Can this be eaten?

11. (Cantonese) Short for 通心粉 (“macaroni”).

    腿通 [Cantonese]  ―  teoi² tung¹ [Jyutping]  ―  macaroni with ham

12. (Hokkien) to be clear; to be understood; to connect; to get through; to communicate; to be understandable
13. (Hokkien) to be clear on; to perceive clearly; to understand; to comprehend
14. (Hokkien) clear; coherent; rational; connected; simple; easy to understand; makes sense;
15. (Hokkien) convenient; interesting; suitable
16. (Hokkien) to clear; to smoothen; to clean; to unobstruct; to make passable
17. (Hokkien) clear; passable; unobstructed; unimpeded; smooth; unclogged
18. (Cantonese, Hokkien) entire; all throughout; all over; whole
19. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) very; most; clearly

Synonyms

• (telephony: to get through): 入 (rù)
• (macaroni):

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		通心粉, 通心麵
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	通心麵
Cantonese	Guangzhou	通心粉
	Hong Kong	通心粉, 通粉, 通 short form only in compounds
Wu	Shanghai	通心粉, 意心粉, 意粉

Dialectal synonyms of 通心粉 (“macaroni”) [map]

Compounds

• 一竅不通／一窍不通 (yīqiàobùtōng)
• 一脈相通／一脉相通
• 七通八達／七通八达
• 三方通話／三方通话
• 三通 (sāntōng)
• 三通一平
• 三通四流
• 不知通變／不知通变
• 不通 (bùtōng)
• 不通弔慶／不通吊庆
• 不通水火
• 不通濟／不通济
• 不通痾癢／不通疴痒
• 不通聞問／不通闻问
• 世事通考
• 串通 (chuàntōng)
• 九通
• 五口通商
• 互通 (hùtōng)
• 互通有無／互通有无
• 五通神
• 交通 (jiāotōng)
• 亨通 (hēngtōng)
• 傍通
• 光纖通訊／光纤通讯
• 光通量
• 八面圓通／八面圆通
• 六通四辟
• 共通 (gòngtōng)
• 共通意志
• 兼通
• 最後通牒／最后通牒 (zuìhòutōngdié)
• 勾通 (gōutōng)
• 包通
• 南通 (Nántōng)
• 博古通今 (bógǔtōngjīn)
• 卡通 (kǎtōng)
• 右側通行／右侧通行
• 史通
• 呼吸相通 (hūxīxiāngtōng)
• 唔通
• 四通五達／四通五达
• 四通八達／四通八达 (sìtōngbādá)
• 圓通／圆通 (yuántōng)
• 圓通大士／圆通大士
• 大三通
• 大通 (dàtōng)
• 大通之年
• 大通套
• 大通年
• 大通河
• 大通銀行／大通银行
• 天眼通
• 太空通訊／太空通讯
• 天通苑 (Tiāntōngyuàn)
• 妙畫通靈／妙画通灵
• 姻通
• 姦通／奸通 (jiāntōng)
• 字通
• 官運亨通／官运亨通 (guānyùnhēngtōng)
• 密不通風／密不通风
• 宿命通
• 小三通
• 平通
• 廣通渠／广通渠
• 徇通
• 心有靈犀一點通／心有灵犀一点通 (xīn yǒu língxī yīdiǎn tōng)
• 息息相通
• 想不通 (xiǎngbùtōng)
• 意見溝通／意见沟通
• 感通
• 應權通變／应权通变
• 戰地通訊／战地通讯
• 打通 (dǎtōng)
• 打通兒／打通儿
• 打通狀／打通状
• 打通關／打通关
• 打通關節／打通关节
• 扞格不通 (hàngébùtōng)
• 接通 (jiētōng)
• 搶通／抢通
• 撲撲通通／扑扑通通
• 撲通／扑通 (pūtōng)
• 撲通一聲／扑通一声
• 撲通撲通／扑通扑通
• 撲通通冬／扑通通冬
• 擂鼓三通
• 政通人和 (zhèngtōngrénhé)
• 文獻通考／文献通考 (Wénxiàn Tōngkǎo)
• 旁通
• 明通 (Míngtōng)
• 易通釋／易通释
• 昭通 (Zhāotōng)
• 時通運泰／时通运泰
• 時運亨通／时运亨通
• 普通 (pǔtōng)
• 暢通／畅通 (chàngtōng)
• 暢通無阻／畅通无阻 (chàngtōngwúzǔ)
• 曲徑通幽／曲径通幽
• 書通二酉／书通二酉
• 會通／会通 (huìtōng)
• 有無相通／有无相通
• 木通 (mùtōng)
• 格古通今
• 正字通 (Zhèngzìtōng)
• 毋通
• 水喉通
• 水泄不通 (shuǐxièbùtōng)
• 水洩不通／水泄不通 (shuǐxièbùtōng)
• 流通 (liútōng)
• 海底通訊／海底通讯
• 深通
• 清通 (qīngtōng)
• 淹通
• 溝通／沟通 (gōutōng)
• 溝通管道／沟通管道
• 滿臉通紅／满脸通红
• 漸通人事／渐通人事
• 滿面通紅／满面通红
• 烏鵲通巢／乌鹊通巢
• 無師自通／无师自通 (wúshīzìtōng)
• 無所不通／无所不通
• 煙通／烟通
• 燈火通明／灯火通明 (dēnghuǒtōngmíng)
• 狗屁不通 (gǒupìbùtōng)
• 理番通事
• 疏通 (shūtōng)
• 白虎通義／白虎通义
• 百事通 (bǎishìtōng)
• 直通 (zhítōng)
• 相通 (xiāngtōng)
• 碩學通儒／硕学通儒
• 神通 (shéntōng)
• 萬事亨通／万事亨通
• 萬事通／万事通 (wànshìtōng)
• 私通 (sītōng)
• 窮通／穷通
• 窮通皆命／穷通皆命
• 粗通
• 精通 (jīngtōng)
• 絕地天通／绝地天通
• 統通／统通
• 續通典／续通典
• 續通志／续通志
• 老運亨通／老运亨通
• 聯網通／联网通
• 脈絡貫通／脉络贯通
• 苓通
• 融會貫通／融会贯通 (rónghuìguàntōng)
• 融通
• 融通物
• 行不通 (xíngbutōng)
• 裡通外國／里通外国 (lǐtōngwàiguó)
• 觸類旁通／触类旁通 (chùlèipángtōng)
• 該通／该通
• 識時通變／识时通变
• 警世通言
• 變通／变通 (biàntōng)
• 豁然貫通／豁然贯通
• 財運亨通／财运亨通
• 貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
• 買通／买通 (mǎitōng)
• 資治通鑑／资治通鉴 (Zīzhì Tōngjiàn)
• 賤貴窮通／贱贵穷通
• 路路不通
• 路路通
• 辭通／辞通
• 通事 (tōngshì)
• 通事官 (tōngshìguān)
• 通事舍人
• 通亮 (tōngliàng)
• 通人
• 通人達才／通人达才
• 通今博古
• 通令 (tōnglìng)
• 通例 (tōnglì)
• 通信 (tōngxìn)
• 通俗 (tōngsú)
• 通侻
• 通俗劇／通俗剧
• 通便劑／通便剂
• 通俗文
• 通俗文學／通俗文学
• 通俗編／通俗编
• 通俗讀物／通俗读物
• 通假 (tōngjiǎ)
• 通儒 (tōngrú)
• 通光 (thang-kng) (Min Nan)
• 通共 (tōnggòng)
• 通典 (Tōngdiǎn)
• 通函 (tōnghán)
• 通分
• 通判
• 通刺
• 通則／通则 (tōngzé)
• 通劑／通剂
• 通力 (tōnglì)
• 通力合作 (tōnglìhézuò)
• 通功易事
• 通勤 (tōngqín)
• 通勤圈
• 通口
• 通史 (tōngshǐ)
• 通古博今
• 通古斯族
• 透古通今
• 通名 (tōngmíng)
• 通同 (tōngtóng)
• 通吃
• 通合一氣／通合一气
• 通同一氣／通同一气
• 通告 (tōnggào)
• 通問／通问 (tōngwèn)
• 通商 (tōngshāng)
• 通商口岸 (tōngshāng kǒu'àn)
• 通商條約／通商条约
• 通商港 (tōngshānggǎng)
• 通國／通国 (tōngguó)
• 通城 (Tōngchéng)
• 通報／通报 (tōngbào)
• 通塞
• 通夜 (tōngyè)
• 通天 (tōngtiān)
• 通天冠
• 通天塔
• 通天徹地／通天彻地
• 通天河 (Tōngtiān Hé)
• 通天河 (Tōngtiān Hé)
• 通天犀
• 通套
• 通好
• 通奸 (tōngjiān)
• 通姦／通奸 (tōngjiān)
• 通婚 (tōnghūn)
• 通學／通学
• 通學生／通学生 (tōngxuéshēng)
• 通官
• 通宵 (tōngxiāo)
• 通家 (tōngjiā)
• 通家之好
• 通宵達旦／通宵达旦 (tōngxiāodádàn)
• 通宿 (tōngxiǔ)
• 通寶／通宝 (tōngbǎo)
• 通山 (Tōngshān)
• 通常 (tōngcháng)
• 通年 (tōngnián)
• 通幽洞微
• 通往 (tōngwǎng)
• 通徹／通彻 (tōngchè)
• 通心 (tōngxīn)
• 通心粉 (tōngxīnfěn)
• 通心麵／通心面
• 通志
• 通性 (tōngxìng)
• 通惠 (Tōnghuì)
• 通情
• 通情達理／通情达理 (tōngqíngdálǐ)
• 通房
• 通才 (tōngcái)
• 通才教育
• 通才練識／通才练识
• 通政司 (Tōngzhèngsī)
• 通敵／通敌 (tōngdí)
• 通明 (tōngmíng)
• 通時達變／通时达变
• 通暢／通畅 (tōngchàng)
• 通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
• 通曆／通历
• 通書／通书 (tōngshū)
• 通朗
• 通梁 (Tōngliáng)
• 通條／通条 (tōngtiáo)
• 通條樹／通条树
• 通欄／通栏
• 通權達變／通权达变 (tōngquándábiàn)
• 通款
• 通殺／通杀 (tōngshā)
• 通氣／通气 (tōngqì)
• 通水 (tōngshuǐ)
• 通泰
• 通海口 (Tōnghǎikǒu)
• 通濟渠／通济渠
• 通牒 (tōngdié)
• 通玄
• 通理
• 通用 (tōngyòng)
• 通疏
• 通病 (tōngbìng)
• 通盤／通盘 (tōngpán)
• 通眉長爪／通眉长爪
• 通知 (tōngzhī)
• 通知單／通知单 (tōngzhīdān)
• 通知啟事／通知启事
• 通知書／通知书 (tōngzhīshū)
• 通神 (tōngshén)
• 通票 (tōngpiào)
• 通禮／通礼
• 通稱／通称 (tōngchēng)
• 通竅／通窍 (tōngqiào)
• 通算 (tōngsuàn)
• 通籍
• 通紅／通红 (tōnghóng)
• 通統／通统 (tōngtǒng)
• 通經／通经
• 通緝／通缉 (tōngjī)
• 通義／通义
• 通考 (tōngkǎo)
• 通脫／通脱 (tōngtuō)
• 通脫不拘／通脱不拘
• 通脫木／通脱木
• 通腳／通脚
• 通膨 (tōngpéng)
• 通臂拳
• 通航 (tōngháng)
• 通草 (tōngcǎo)
• 通草灰
• 通草紙／通草纸
• 通莊／通庄
• 通融 (tōngróng)
• 通行 (tōngxíng)
• 通行本
• 通行權／通行权
• 通行無阻／通行无阻
• 通行證／通行证 (tōngxíngzhèng)
• 通行費／通行费 (tōngxíngfèi)
• 通衢 (tōngqú)
• 通衢大道
• 通衢廣陌／通衢广陌
• 通觀／通观 (tōngguān)
• 通觀全局／通观全局
• 通解 (tōngjiě)
• 通訊／通讯 (tōngxùn)
• 通訊卡／通讯卡
• 通訊員／通讯员 (tōngxùnyuán)
• 通訊器／通讯器
• 通訊社／通讯社 (tōngxùnshè)
• 通訊網／通讯网 (tōngxùnwǎng)
• 通訊自由／通讯自由
• 通訊處／通讯处
• 通訊衛星／通讯卫星 (tōngxùn wèixīng)
• 通訊錄／通讯录 (tōngxùnlù)
• 通誠／通诚
• 通話／通话 (tōnghuà)
• 通語／通语 (tōngyǔ)
• 通論／通论 (tōnglùn)
• 通謀／通谋
• 通識／通识 (tōngshí)
• 通譜／通谱
• 通識教育／通识教育 (tōngshí jiàoyù)
• 通識科目／通识科目
• 通議／通议
• 通譯／通译 (tōngyì)
• 通譯員／通译员 (tōngyìyuán)
• 通讀／通读 (tōngdú)
• 通變／通变 (tōngbiàn)
• 通谷 (tōnggǔ)
• 通財／通财 (tōngcái)
• 通貨／通货 (tōnghuò)
• 通貨緊縮／通货紧缩 (tōnghuò jǐnsuō)
• 通貨膨脹／通货膨胀 (tōnghuò péngzhàng)
• 通路 (tōnglù)
• 通身 (tōngshēn)
• 通身上下
• 通車／通车 (tōngchē)
• 通通 (tōngtōng)
• 通連／通连
• 通透 (tōngtòu)
• 通運／通运
• 通過／通过 (tōngguò)
• 通達／通达 (tōngdá)
• 通道 (tōngdào)
• 通達事理／通达事理
• 通達人情／通达人情
• 通郵／通邮 (tōngyóu)
• 通都大邑
• 通鋪／通铺 (tōngpù)
• 通鑑／通鉴 (Tōngjiàn)
• 通關／通关 (tōngguān)
• 通關手／通关手
• 通關節／通关节 (tōng guānjié)
• 通關鼻子／通关鼻子
• 通陳／通陈
• 通雅
• 通電／通电 (tōngdiàn)
• 通靈／通灵 (tōnglíng)
• 通靈寶玉／通灵宝玉
• 通韻／通韵
• 通順／通顺 (tōngshùn)
• 通頭／通头
• 通顯／通显
• 通風／通风 (tōngfēng)
• 通風報信／通风报信 (tōngfēngbàoxìn)
• 通風機／通风机
• 通飭／通饬
• 通體／通体 (tōngtǐ)
• 達士通人／达士通人
• 達權通變／达权通变
• 鄧通之財／邓通之财
• 鄧通錢／邓通钱
• 錢可通神／钱可通神
• 錢通／钱通
• 鐵通／铁通
• 開元通寶／开元通宝
• 開通／开通
• 關通／关通
• 雙向溝通／双向沟通
• 電子通勤／电子通勤
• 靈犀相通／灵犀相通
• 靈通／灵通 (língtōng)
• 風俗通義／风俗通义
• 首尾貫通／首尾贯通
• 馬氏文通／马氏文通
• 馬通／马通 (mǎtōng)
• 高步通衢
• 鬆通／松通

 

Further reading

• “Entry #7925”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
• “通”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	通
Kyūjitai [1]	通󠄁 通+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	通󠄃 通+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 通

通

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

1. pass through

Readings

• Go-on: つう (tsū, Jōyō)^{←つう (tuu, historical)}、つ (tsu, Jōyō ^†)^{←つ (tu, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō)^{←とう (tou, historical)}
• Kun: とおる (tōru, 通る, Jōyō)^{←とほる (toforu, 通る, historical)}、かよう (kayou, 通う, Jōyō)、とおす (tōsu, 通す, Jōyō)^{←とほす (tofosu, 通す, historical)}
• Nanori: とん (ton)、どうし (dōshi)、とお (tō)、とおり (tōri)、とおる (tōru)、どおり (dōri)、みち (michi)、みつ (mitsu)、ゆき (yuki)、なお (nao)、ひらく (hiraku)

Compounds

• 素(す)通(どお)り (sudōri)
• 通(つう)貨(か) (tsūka)
• 通(つう)学(がく) (tsūgaku)
• 通(つう)勤(きん) (tsūkin)
• 通(つう)信(しん) (tsūshin)
• 通(つう)説(せつ) (tsūsetsu)
• 通(つう)達(たつ) (tsūtatsu)
• 通(つう)知(ち) (tsūchi)
• 通(つう)宝(ほう) (tsūhō)
• 通(つう)報(ほう) (tsūhō)
• 通(つう)訳(やく) (tsūyaku)
• 通(つう)例(れい) (tsūrei)

Counter

通(つう) • (-tsū) 

1. documents

   証(しょう)書(しょ)一(いっ)通(つう)

   shōsho ittsū

   one certificate

Noun

通(つう) • (tsū) 

1. authority, expert, connoisseur

   支(し)那(な)通(つう)

   shinatsū

   China hand

Proper noun

通(とおる) • (Tōru) 

1. a male given name

References

1. “通”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

Hanja

通 (eumhun 통할 통 (tonghal tong))

1. hanja form^? of 통 (“pass through”)

Vietnamese

Han character

通: Hán Việt readings: thông (他(tha)東(đông)切(thiết))^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
通: Nôm readings: thong^{[1][2][3][6][4][5][7]}, thông^[1][2][4][7], thồng^[5], thỗng^[5]

1. chữ Hán form of thông (“to go through; to pass through”).
2. chữ Hán form of thông (“to clear off; to unchoke; to unclog”).
3. chữ Hán form of thông (“to be familiar with; to master; to be fluent or conversant”).
4. Nôm form of thong (“clear; open; having a passage through”).
5. Nôm form of thong (“to communicate”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 通報 (thông báo)
• 通病 (thông bệnh)
• 通告 (thông cáo)
• 通淫 (thông dâm)
• 通譯 (thông dịch)
• 通牒 (thông điệp)
• 通同 (thông đồng)
• 通用 (thông dụng)
• 通家 (thông gia)
• 通行 (thông hành)
• 通鄰 (thông lân)
• 通例 (thông lệ)
• 通言 (thông ngôn)
• 通判 (thông phán)
• 通風 (thông phong)
• 通過 (thông qua)
• 通關 (thông quan)
• 通商 (thông thương)
• 通常 (thông thường)
• 通信 (thông tin)
• 通知 (thông tri)
• 通咨 (thông tư)
• 通俗 (thông tục)
• 神通 (thần thông)
• 感通 (cảm thông)
• 交通 (giao thông)
• 開通 (khai thông)
• 流通 (lưu thông)
• 普通 (phổ thông)
• 貫通 (quán thông)
• 精通 (tinh thông)
• 傳通 (truyền thông)
• 私通 (tư thông)
• 通訊社 (thông tấn xã)

References

1. Nguyễn (2014).
2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
3. Trần (2004).
4. Bonet (1899).
5. Génibrel (1898).
6. Hồ (1976).
7. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).