通行

Chinese

		go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open	to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional
trad. (通行)		通	行
simp. #(通行)		通	行

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	通	行
Reading #	1/1	2/4
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	他紅切	戸庚切
Baxter	thuwng	haeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuŋ/	/ɦˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuŋ/	/ɦᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuŋ/	/ɣaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəwŋ/	/ɦaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/tʰuŋ/	/ɣɐŋ/
Wang Li	/tʰuŋ/	/ɣɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰuŋ/	/ɣɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tōng	héng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung1	hang4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tōngxíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tung¹ haang⁴ / tung¹ hang⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thûng-hàng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thong-hêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tong¹ gian⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tōngxíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tongsíng
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung¹-hsing²
    • Yale: tūng-syíng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongshyng
    • Palladius: тунсин (tunsin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tung¹ haang⁴ / tung¹ hang⁴
    • Yale: tūng hàahng / tūng hàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tung¹ haang⁴ / tung¹ hang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tung¹ hang⁴ / tung¹ heng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ haːŋ²¹/, /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐŋ²¹/

Note:

• tung1 haang4 - vernacular;
• tung1 hang4 - literary.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-hàng
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung^ˊ hang^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tung¹ hang²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴ haŋ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-hêng
    • Tâi-lô: thong-hîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tongheeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tong¹ gian⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thong kiâⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: thuwng haeng

Verb

通行

1. (road transport) to pass through (any line of transport); to get through; to transit

   禁止通行。  ―  Jìnzhǐ tōngxíng.  ―  Access prohibited.

   禁止機動車通行。 [MSC, trad.]
   禁止机动车通行。 [MSC, simp.]

   Jìnzhǐ jīdòngchē tōngxíng. [Pinyin]

   No motor vehicles.

2. (of currency, writing systems, etc.) to be generally accepted; to be of current or standard use

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to pass through”): 不通 (bùtōng)

Derived terms

• 右側通行 / 右侧通行
• 地區通行證 / 地区通行证
• 通行本
• 通行權 / 通行权
• 通行無阻 / 通行无阻
• 通行證 / 通行证 (tōngxíngzhèng)
• 通行費 / 通行费 (tōngxíngfèi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
通	行
つう Grade: 2	こう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つうこー [tsùúkóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨːko̞ː]

Noun

通(つう)行(こう) • (tsūkō) 

1. traffic, passage

   通(つう)行(こう)の神(かみ)、エイスリオス

   Tsūkō no Kami, Eisuriosu

   Athreos, God of Passage

Verb

通(つう)行(こう)する • (tsūkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 通(つう)行(こう)し (tsūkō shi), past 通(つう)行(こう)した (tsūkō shita))

1. pass, go through

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	通行し	つうこうし	tsūkō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	通行し	つうこうし	tsūkō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	通行する	つうこうする	tsūkō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	通行する	つうこうする	tsūkō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	通行すれ	つうこうすれ	tsūkō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	通行せよ¹ 通行しろ²	つうこうせよ¹ つうこうしろ²	tsūkō seyo¹ tsūkō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	通行される	つうこうされる	tsūkō sareru
Causative	通行させる 通行さす	つうこうさせる つうこうさす	tsūkō saseru tsūkō sasu
Potential	通行できる	つうこうできる	tsūkō dekiru
Volitional	通行しよう	つうこうしよう	tsūkō shiyō
Negative	通行しない	つうこうしない	tsūkō shinai
Negative continuative	通行せず	つうこうせず	tsūkō sezu
Formal	通行します	つうこうします	tsūkō shimasu
Perfective	通行した	つうこうした	tsūkō shita
Conjunctive	通行して	つうこうして	tsūkō shite
Hypothetical conditional	通行すれば	つうこうすれば	tsūkō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "通行する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

References

1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
通	行

Noun

通行 • (tonghaeng) (hangeul 통행)

1. hanja form^? of 통행 (“passage”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
通	行

Verb

通行

1. chữ Hán form of thông hành (“to be permitted to pass”).