差
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Alternative forms
Note that the character in simplified Chinese has 9 strokes. Simplified from 差 (𦍌丿 → ⺶)
Han character
差 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+7 in traditional Chinese, 工+6 in simplified Chinese, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿手一 (TQM), four-corner 80211, composition ⿱𦍌⿰丿工(HTJK) or ⿸⺶工(GV))
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8732
- Dae Jaweon: page 629, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 413, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5DEE
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Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 差 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 左 | *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls |
| 佐 | *ʔsaːls |
| 袏 | *ʔslaːls |
| 蹉 | *sʰlaːl |
| 瑳 | *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ |
| 搓 | *sʰlaːl |
| 磋 | *sʰlaːl |
| 溠 | *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls |
| 傞 | *sʰlaːl, *slaːl |
| 醝 | *zlaːl |
| 瘥 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls |
| 鹺 | *zlaːl |
| 嵯 | *zlaːl, *sʰral |
| 嵳 | *zlaːl |
| 蒫 | *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl |
| 艖 | *zlaːl, *sʰraːl |
| 齹 | *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral |
| 縒 | *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ |
| 褨 | *slaːlʔ |
| 嗟 | *ʔsljal |
| 差 | *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral |
| 鎈 | *sʰraːl |
| 槎 | *zraːl, *zraːlʔ |
| 髊 | *zlals |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 來 (“wheat”) + 𠂇 (“left hand”) – to hull wheat by rubbing grains inside hands. Original form of 搓 (OC *sʰlaːl, “to rub with hands; to scrub; to twist”).
工 or 口 was later added under 𠂇 to form 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls, “left”), which is also this character's phonetic component.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): chă
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsho
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cha
- Wade–Giles: chʻa1
- Yale: chā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
- Palladius: ча (ča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chà
- Wade–Giles: chʻa4
- Yale: chà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chah
- Palladius: ча (ča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note:
- chā - literary (“to differ; mistake; (maths) difference; barely”);
- chà - colloquial (“to differ; wrong; inferior; to be short of; to owe”).
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caa1
- Yale: chā
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: ca1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ca1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
- Hakka Romanization System: caˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ca1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chă
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsrhae, tsrhea
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsʰraj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːl/
Definitions
差
- to differ from; to be different; dissimilar; incongruous
- wrong; incorrect; erroneous
- inferior; poor; substandard
- difference; discrepancy
- mistake; wrongdoing
- (mathematics) difference
- to be short of; to fall short of
- to owe
- rather; barely; nearly; almost
- 11th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "divergence" (𝌐)
Synonyms
- (wrong):
- (to be short of):
- (inferior):
- 不善 (bùshàn)
- 不好
- 不妙 (bùmiào)
- 不怎麼樣 / 不怎么样 (bùzěnmeyàng)
- 不濟 / 不济 (bùjì)
- 不腆 (bùtiǎn) (Classical Chinese, self-deprecatory)
- 了丁 (Min Nan)
- 低下 (dīxià)
- 低劣 (dīliè)
- 低路 (Min Nan)
- 劣 (literary, or in compounds)
- 垃圾 (lājī) (colloquial)
- 屎 (Cantonese)
- 差勁 / 差劲 (chàjìn) (colloquial)
- 差氣 / 差气 (Hokkien)
- 拙劣 (zhuōliè)
- 推扳 (1the-pe) (Shanghainese)
- 梢跤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 梢跤軟蹄 / 梢跤软蹄 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 梢蹬 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 欠佳 (qiànjiā)
- 水皮 (seoi2 pei4) (Cantonese)
- 潮 (cháo) (colloquial, of quality or technique)
- 無良 / 无良 (wúliáng) (formal)
- 破 (pò) (colloquial)
- 跤梢 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 蹩腳 / 蹩脚 (biéjiǎo)
- 鄙劣 (bǐliè) (literary)
Compounds
- 一丈差九尺 (yīzhàngchājiǔchǐ)
- 一字不差
- 一差二誤 / 一差二误 (yīchā'èrwù)
- 一差二錯 / 一差二错 (yīchā'èrcuò)
- 一差半錯 / 一差半错 (yīchābàncuò)
- 一念之差 (yīniànzhīchā)
- 三差五錯 / 三差五错
- 三差兩錯 / 三差两错
- 不差
- 不差不錯 / 不差不错
- 不差什麼 / 不差什么
- 不差毫釐
- 不差毫髮 / 不差毫发
- 不差累黍 (bùchālěishǔ)
- 個別差異 / 个别差异
- 偏差 (piānchā)
- 偏差理論 / 偏差理论
- 偏差者
- 偏差行為 / 偏差行为
- 光差
- 光行差
- 兩性差異 / 两性差异
- 公差
- 出差錯 / 出差错
- 分毫不差
- 千差萬別 / 千差万别 (qiānchā-wànbié)
- 千差萬差，來人不差 / 千差万差，来人不差
- 反差 (fǎnchā)
- 周年視差 / 周年视差
- 外合裡差 / 外合里差
- 天差地別 / 天差地别 (tiānchādìbié)
- 天差地遠 / 天差地远 (tiānchādìyuǎn)
- 失之毫釐，差之千里
- 失之毫釐，差以千里
- 官差吏差，來人不差 / 官差吏差，来人不差
- 少差
- 差一點兒 / 差一点儿
- 差三錯四 / 差三错四
- 差不上下
- 差不多 (chàbuduō)
- 差不離 / 差不离 (chàbùlí)
- 差之毫釐，失之千里
- 差之毫釐，繆以千里
- 差事
- 差人
- 差以毫釐，失之千里 (chāyǐháolí, shīzhīqiānlǐ)
- 差以豪釐，謬以千里
- 差價 / 差价 (chājià)
- 差分 (chāfēn)
- 差別 / 差别 (chābié)
- 差別待遇 / 差别待遇
- 差勁 / 差劲 (chàjìn)
- 差動滑車 / 差动滑车
- 差半車麥秸 / 差半车麦秸
- 差可 (chākě)
- 差失 (chāshī)
- 差強人意 / 差强人意
- 差忒
- 差惡 / 差恶
- 差數 / 差数 (chāshù)
- 差次
- 差池
- 差爭 / 差争
- 差異 / 差异 (chāyì)
- 差異法 / 差异法
- 差眼
- 差等 (cīděng)
- 差聲兒 / 差声儿
- 差若豪釐，繆以千里
- 差號 / 差号
- 差越
- 差距 (chājù)
- 差迭
- 差速齒輪 / 差速齿轮
- 差遲 / 差迟
- 差配兒 / 差配儿
- 差錯 / 差错 (chācuò)
- 差額 / 差额 (chā'é)
- 差額選舉 / 差额选举 (chā'é xuǎnjǔ)
- 差點兒 / 差点儿 (chàdiǎnr)
- 差點沒 / 差点没 (chàdiǎn méi)
- 平均時差 / 平均时差
- 時差 / 时差 (shíchā)
- 時間差攻擊 / 时间差攻击
- 東差西誤 / 东差西误
- 歲差 / 岁差 (suìchā)
- 毫釐之差
- 毫髮不差 / 毫发不差
- 海洋溫差發電 / 海洋温差发电
- 溫差 / 温差 (wēnchā)
- 潮差 (cháochā)
- 爭差 / 争差
- 相差 (xiāngchà)
- 相差無幾 / 相差无几
- 視差 / 视差 (shìchā)
- 萬別千差 / 万别千差
- 秒差距 (miǎochājù)
- 等差 (děngchà)
- 等差級數 / 等差级数
- 絲毫不差 / 丝毫不差
- 色差 (sèchā)
- 落差 (luòchā)
- 言差語錯 / 言差语错
- 話差 / 话差
- 誤差 / 误差 (wùchā)
- 語意差別量表 / 语意差别量表
- 貧富差距 / 贫富差距 (pínfù chājù)
- 貿易差額 / 贸易差额
- 貿易逆差 / 贸易逆差
- 貿易順差 / 贸易顺差 (màoyì shùnchā)
- 踏差 (ta̍h-chha) (Min Nan)
- 逆差 (nìchā)
- 陰差陽錯 / 阴差阳错 (yīnchāyángcuò)
- 陰錯陽差 / 阴错阳差
- 隔三差五 (gésānchàwǔ)
- 雙差 / 双差
- 順差 / 顺差 (shùnchā)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): caai1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhâi
- Eastern Min (BUC): chă̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsha
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chai
- Wade–Giles: chʻai1
- Yale: chāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chai
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цэ (ce, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai1
- Yale: chāai
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai1
- Guangdong Romanization: cai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâi
- Hakka Romanization System: caiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cai1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chă̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
- Tâi-lô: tshe
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
- Tâi-lô: tshee
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhai
- Tâi-lô: tshai
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhay
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰai³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
Note:
- chhe/chhee - vernacular;
- chhai - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsrheaj
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]raj/, /*[tsʰ](ˤ)raj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/
Definitions
差
Compounds
- 丁差
- 交差 (jiāochāi)
- 信差 (xìnchāi)
- 公差 (gōngchāi)
- 兼差 (jiānchāi)
- 出公差
- 出大差
- 出差 (chūchāi)
- 出差費 / 出差费
- 出紅差 / 出红差
- 到差
- 報差 / 报差
- 大差
- 夫差
- 官差 (guānchāi)
- 專差 / 专差
- 小差事兒 / 小差事儿
- 差事
- 差人
- 差使
- 差佬
- 差委
- 差婆
- 差官
- 差役 (chāiyì)
- 差批
- 差排
- 差撥 / 差拨
- 差旅費 / 差旅费 (chāilǚfèi)
- 差法
- 差發 / 差发
- 差票
- 差置
- 差輪 / 差轮
- 差遣 (chāiqiǎn)
- 差錢 / 差钱
- 差除
- 帶俸差操 / 带俸差操
- 得差
- 打差
- 承差
- 押差
- 搪差使
- 撤差 (chèchāi)
- 放富差貧 / 放富差贫
- 欽差 / 钦差 (qīnchāi)
- 欽差大臣 / 钦差大臣 (qīnchāidàchén)
- 當差 / 当差 (dāngchāi)
- 當差的 / 当差的
- 白差使
- 皁差 / 皂差
- 皇帝不差餓兵 / 皇帝不差饿兵
- 神差鬼使
- 科差
- 緊差緊做 / 紧差紧做
- 考差
- 聽差 / 听差 (tīngchāi)
- 苦差事
- 解差
- 調差 / 调差
- 貓兒頭差事 / 猫儿头差事
- 賣富差貧 / 卖富差贫
- 辦差 / 办差 (bànchāi)
- 郵差 / 邮差 (yóuchāi)
- 銷差 / 销差
- 開小差 / 开小差 (kāi xiǎochāi)
- 開差 / 开差
- 面子上的差使
- 鬼使神差
- 點差 / 点差
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ci1
- Eastern Min (BUC): chĭ
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhir / chhu / chhi / chha / chhe
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tshy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cih
- Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ1
- Yale: tsz̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsy
- Palladius: цы (cy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ci1
- Yale: chī
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsi1
- Guangdong Romanization: qi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhir
- Tâi-lô: tshir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhu
- Tâi-lô: tshu
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhw
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
- Tâi-lô: tshi
- Phofsit Daibuun: chy
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
- Tâi-lô: tsha
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
- Tâi-lô: tshe
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsrhje
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsʰraj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰral/
Definitions
差
Compounds
Pronunciation 4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cuo
- Wade–Giles: tsʻo1
- Yale: tswō
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuo
- Palladius: цо (co)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: co1
- Yale: chō
- Cantonese Pinyin: tso1
- Guangdong Romanization: co1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
差
Compounds
- 扳差頭 / 扳差头
- 景差
Pronunciation 5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chài
- Wade–Giles: chʻai4
- Yale: chài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chay
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai3
- Yale: chaai
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai3
- Guangdong Romanization: cai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tsrheaH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːls/
Definitions
差
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