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造

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

造 U+9020, 造
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9020
← 速
[U+901F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 逡 →
[U+9021]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
10 strokes
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Han character

造 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 34306, composition ⿺辶告)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3841, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9020

Chinese

More information trad., simp. # ...
trad. 造
simp. # 造
alternative forms 艁
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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 造, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...
Historical forms of the character 造
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
造 *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
慥 *skʰuːɡs
艁 *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
糙 *skʰuːɡs
告 *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
誥 *kuːɡs
郜 *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
祰 *kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ
靠 *kʰuːɡs
浩 *ɡuːʔ, *kuːb
晧 *ɡuːʔ
皓 *ɡuːʔ
窖 *kruːɡs
簉 *skʰruɡs
梏 *kruːɡ, *kuːɡ
硞 *kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ
牿 *kuːɡ
鵠 *kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ
酷 *kʰuːɡ
焅 *kʰuːɡ
嚳 *kʰuːɡ
頶 *ɡuːɡ
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Characters in the same phonetic series (告) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Bronze script (per 漢語多功能字庫): Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ): semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 屮 (sʰuːʔ) + semantic 口.

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ): semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location 造
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sɑu⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sau⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sɑu⁵³/
Jinan /t͡sɔ²¹/
Qingdao /t͡sɔ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sau³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sɔ²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡sɔ¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sɔ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sɔ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sʰau³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sʰau¹³/
/t͡sau¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰao²¹³/
Kunming /t͡sʰɔ²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sɔo⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
/t͡sɔ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰau⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sɔ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zɔ²³/
Suzhou /zæ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zɔ¹³/
Wenzhou /zɜ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɔ²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰə²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/ 建～
/t͡sau¹¹/ ～孽
Xiangtan /t͡sʰaɯ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɑu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰau⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sou²²/
Nanning /t͡su²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sou²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰo²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰɔ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sau⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sau³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tau³³/
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More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 造
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 昨早切
Baxter dzawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zawX/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zɑuX/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zɑuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zou6
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 造
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzawX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dzˁ]uʔ/
English make

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 造
Reading # 2/2
No. 3803
Phonetic
component		 告
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 皁
Old
Chinese		 /*sɡuːʔ/
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Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • chǒ - vernacular;
    • chǒ͘ - literary.
  • Dialectal data

Definitions

造

  1. to make; to build; to manufacture
    造船  ―  zàochuán  ―  to build a ship
    仿造  ―  fǎngzào  ―  to produce something after a model; to copy
    創造／创造  ―  chuàngzào  ―  to create
    造房子  ―  zào fángzǐ  ―  to build a house
    造輿論／造舆论  ―  zào yúlùn  ―  to manufacture public opinion
    造軍艦／造军舰  ―  zào jūnjiàn  ―  to manufacture a warship
  2. to make up; to fabricate
    造假賬／造假账  ―  zào jiǎzhàng  ―  to cook the books
    造謠／造谣  ―  zàoyáo  ―  to fabricate stories
  3. (colloquial) to spend money without constraint
  4. (literary, obsolete) to start
  5. (literary, obsolete) to establish
  6. (dialectal) harvest of crops
    早造  ―  zǎozào  ―  early crops
  7. (dialectal) Classifier for harvests.
    一年種兩造米 [Cantonese, trad.]
    一年种两造米 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jat1 nin4 zung3 loeng5 zou6 mai5 [Jyutping]
    to grow two rice crops per year
  8. (law) party concerned in the suit
    對造／对造  ―  duìzào  ―  opposing side in a court case
Synonyms
More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蓋
Taiwan 蓋
Harbin 蓋
Singapore 建
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 蓋
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 蓋
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 蓋
Xi'an 蓋
Xining 蓋
Xuzhou 起
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蓋
Lanzhou 蓋
Ürümqi 蓋, 起
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 修, 起
Guiyang 起, 修
Liuzhou 起
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蓋, 造
Yangzhou 蓋
Cantonese Guangzhou 起
Hong Kong 起
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 起
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 起
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 起
Taishan 起
Dongguan 起
Rongxian 起
Hepu (Lianzhou) 起
Hepu (Shatian) 做
Guiping 起
Guiping (Mule) 起, 整
Pingnan 起
Guigang (Gangcheng) 起
Guigang (Pingdong) 起
Beihai 起
Beihai (Nankang) 起
Beihai (Yingpan) 起
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 起, 做
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 起
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 起, 搭
Singapore (Guangfu) 起
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 起
Móng Cái 起
Bangkok (Guangfu) 起
Betong (Rongxian) 起
Gan Nanchang 起
Lichuan 做
Pingxiang 起
Hakka Meixian 起, 做
Yudu 做
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 起
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 起
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 起
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 起
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 起
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 起
Hong Kong 起
Senai (Huiyang) 起
Huizhou Jixi 起
Jin Taiyuan 蓋
Xinzhou 蓋
Northern Min Jian'ou 開
Eastern Min Fuzhou 起
Matsu 起
Southern Min Xiamen 起
Quanzhou 起
Zhangzhou 起
Tainan 起
Singapore (Hokkien) 起
Manila (Hokkien) 起
Chaozhou 起
Shantou 起
Jieyang 起
Bangkok (Teochew) 起
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 起
Hat Yai (Teochew) 起
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 起
Singapore (Teochew) 起
Leizhou 作
Haikou 作
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 起
Wu Shanghai 造
Shanghai (Chongming) 造, 起
Suzhou 造
Danyang 砌
Hangzhou 造
Ningbo 起
Jinhua 起
Xiang Changsha 起
Loudi 起
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Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 造
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 七到切
Baxter tshawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰawH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 cào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 cou3
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 造
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshawH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*(mə-)tsʰˁuʔ-s/
English go to

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 造
Reading # 1/2
No. 3799
Phonetic
component		 告
Rime
group		 奧
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 操
Old
Chinese		 /*skʰuːɡs/
Close

Definitions

造

  1. (literary) to go to; to visit; to reach
    造訪／造访  ―  zàofǎng  ―  to pay a visit; to call on
    登峰造極／登峰造极  ―  dēngfēngzàojí  ―  to reach great heights; to reach the peak of perfection
  2. (literary) attainments; achievements
    造詣／造诣  ―  zàoyì  ―  attainments; achievements
  3. (literary) to train
    深造  ―  shēnzào  ―  to pursue advanced studies
    可造之材  ―  kězàozhīcái  ―  a promising talent deserving training
  4. (literary) to give a life
    再造之恩  ―  zàizàozhī'ēn  ―  great benevolence of saving one's life
  5. (literary) era

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

造

  1. Used in 新造 (xīnzào, “Xinzao, a town in Guangzhou”).

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

造

  1. (Mandarin, slang) Contraction of 知道 (zhīdào).
    你造嗎？／你造吗？  ―  Nǐ zào ma?  ―  Didja know?

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 造 – see 𢲵 (“(Sichuan) to stir; to flip over; to rummage”).
(This character is a variant form of 𢲵).

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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