造
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Han character
造 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹土口 (YHGR), four-corner 34306, composition ⿺辶告)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38898
- Dae Jaweon: page 1746, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3841, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9020
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Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 造 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
 |
Bronze script (per 漢語多功能字庫): Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ) : semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 屮 (sʰuːʔ) + semantic 口.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ) : semantic 辶 (“to walk”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao4 / zao4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cau5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): cau3
- Northern Min (KCR): càu
- Eastern Min (BUC): cô̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cor4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6zau / 6dzau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cau4 / zau5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zào
- Wade–Giles: tsao4
- Yale: dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
- Palladius: цзао (czao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cao4 / zao4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao / zao
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰau²¹³/, /t͡sau²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zou6
- Yale: jouh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzou6
- Guangdong Romanization: zou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sou̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: dau5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cau5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰau¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho
- Hakka Romanization System: co
- Hagfa Pinyim: co4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: cau3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰau⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: càu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sau⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cô̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cor4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Quanzhou:
- chǒ - vernacular;
- chǒ͘ - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dzawX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dzˤ]uʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sɡuːʔ/
Definitions
造
- to make; to build; to manufacture
- 造船 ― zàochuán ― to build a ship
- 仿造 ― fǎngzào ― to produce something after a model; to copy
- 創造／创造 ― chuàngzào ― to create
- 造房子 ― zào fángzǐ ― to build a house
- 造輿論／造舆论 ― zào yúlùn ― to manufacture public opinion
- 造軍艦／造军舰 ― zào jūnjiàn ― to manufacture a warship
- 萬物是藉著他造的；凡被造的，沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3
- Wànwù shì jièzhe tā zào de; fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yī yàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de. [Pinyin]
- All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
万物是借着他造的；凡被造的，没有一样不是借着他造的。 [MSC, simp.]
- to make up; to fabricate
- (colloquial) to spend money without constraint
- (literary, obsolete) to start
- (literary, obsolete) to establish
- (dialectal) harvest of crops
- 早造 ― zǎozào ― early crops
- (dialectal) Classifier for harvests.
- (law) party concerned in the suit
Synonyms
Compounds
- 不造
- 主情造意
- 乾坤再造／干坤再造
- 乾造／干造
- 人造 (rénzào)
- 仿造 (fǎngzào)
- 修造 (xiūzào)
- 假造 (jiǎzào)
- 偽造／伪造 (wěizào)
- 偽造文書／伪造文书
- 儲油構造／储油构造
- 內造／内造
- 兩造／两造
- 再造 (zàizào)
- 再造之恩 (zàizàozhī'ēn)
- 創意造言／创意造言
- 創造／创造 (chuàngzào)
- 創造力／创造力 (chuàngzàolì)
- 向壁虛造／向壁虚造 (xiàngbìxūzào)
- 合造
- 坤造
- 埋鍋造飯／埋锅造饭 (mái guō zàofàn)
- 填海造地 (tiánhǎizàodì)
- 塑造 (sùzào)
- 壓枉造舌／压枉造舌
- 大造
- 天地造化
- 天造
- 天造地設／天造地设 (tiānzàodìshè)
- 好造化
- 媒體造勢／媒体造势
- 對造／对造 (duìzào)
- 屣履造門／屣履造门
- 嵌版構造／嵌版构造
- 嵌造 (qiànzào)
- 巧同造化
- 建造 (jiànzào)
- 恩同再造
- 憑空捏造／凭空捏造
- 打火造飯／打火造饭
- 打造 (dǎzào)
- 承造
- 抄造
- 指瑕造隙
- 捏造 (niēzào)
- 搬是造非
- 改造 (gǎizào)
- 新造邦
- 木造 (mùzào)
- 末造 (mòzào)
- 板塊構造／板块构造
- 構造／构造 (gòuzào)
- 構造地震／构造地震
- 模造紙／模造纸
- 沒造化／没造化
- 沒造化的／没造化的
- 深造 (shēnzào)
- 添造
- 混造黑白
- 濫造／滥造
- 為情造文／为情造文
- 營造／营造 (yíngzào)
- 營造尺／营造尺
- 營造法式／营造法式
- 生情造意
- 監造／监造
- 矯揉造作／矫揉造作 (jiǎoróuzàozuò)
- 秀才造反
- 積衰新造／积衰新造
- 空中造雨
- 空造
- 立馬造橋／立马造桥
- 筆參造化／笔参造化
- 筆補造化／笔补造化
- 粗製濫造／粗制滥造 (cūzhìlànzào)
- 締造／缔造 (dìzào)
- 編造／编造 (biānzào)
- 織造／织造
- 肇造
- 臆造 (yìzào)
- 良造
- 蒙恬造筆／蒙恬造笔
- 蓋造／盖造
- 製造／制造 (zhìzào)
- 製造品／制造品
- 製造商／制造商 (zhìzàoshāng)
- 製造業／制造业 (zhìzàoyè)
- 訂造／订造
- 變造／变造
- 變造文書／变造文书
- 貴造／贵造
- 賤造／贱造
- 趕造／赶造
- 造亂／造乱
- 造人 (zàorén)
- 造作
- 造假 (zàojiǎ)
- 造像
- 造像記／造像记
- 造價／造价 (zàojià)
- 造勢／造势 (zàoshì)
- 造化
- 造化小兒／造化小儿
- 造化弄人
- 造反 (zàofǎn)
- 造反派 (Zàofǎn pài)
- 造句 (zàojù)
- 造命
- 造園／造园
- 造型 (zàoxíng)
- 造士
- 造天立極／造天立极
- 造孽 (zàoniè)
- 造山運動／造山运动
- 造幣廠／造币厂
- 造府
- 造形 (zàoxíng)
- 造形藝術／造形艺术
- 造微入妙
- 造愛／造爱
- 造成 (zàochéng)
- 造林 (zàolín)
- 造格
- 造橋／造桥 (Zàoqiáo)
- 造次 (zàocì)
- 造次顛沛／造次颠沛
- 造父
- 造物 (zàowù)
- 造物主 (Zàowùzhǔ)
- 造物者 (zàowùzhě)
- 造畜稠棧／造畜稠栈
- 造福 (zàofú)
- 造端
- 造紙／造纸 (zàozhǐ)
- 造罪
- 造船 (zàochuán)
- 造船工業／造船工业
- 造船廠／造船厂 (zàochuánchǎng)
- 造言惑眾／造言惑众
- 造言生事
- 造詞／造词
- 造謠／造谣 (zàoyáo)
- 造謠惑眾／造谣惑众 (zàoyáo huòzhòng)
- 造謗生事／造谤生事
- 造謠生事／造谣生事 (zàoyáoshēngshì)
- 造陸／造陆 (zàolù)
- 造陸運動／造陆运动
- 造馬／造马 (zàomǎ)
- 鄉壁虛造／乡壁虚造 (xiàngbìxūzào)
- 釀造／酿造 (niàngzào)
- 鍛造／锻造 (duànzào)
- 鑄造／铸造 (zhùzào)
- 閉門造車／闭门造车
- 陳造／陈造
- 龍門造像／龙门造像
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Eastern Min (BUC): chó̤
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhò
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zào
- Wade–Giles: tsao4
- Yale: dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
- Palladius: цзао (czao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cào
- Wade–Giles: tsʻao4
- Yale: tsàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaw
- Palladius: цао (cao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cou3
- Yale: chou
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsou3
- Guangdong Romanization: cou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰou̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: dau5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chó̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: tshawH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*(mə-)tsʰˤuʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*skʰuːɡs/
Definitions
造
Compounds
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zào
- Wade–Giles: tsao4
- Yale: dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
- Palladius: цзао (czao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cou5
- Yale: chóuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsou5
- Guangdong Romanization: cou5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰou̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
造
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zào
- Wade–Giles: tsao4
- Yale: dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
- Palladius: цзао (czao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
造
Etymology 5
| For pronunciation and definitions of 造 – see 𢲵 (“(Sichuan) to stir; to flip over; to rummage”). (This character is a variant form of 𢲵). |
References
- “造”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04146
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