年
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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年 (Kangxi radical 51, 干+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人手 (OQ), four-corner 80500, composition ⿱𠂉㐄 or ⿻午⿱一丨 or ⿻午丄)
Historical forms of the character 年 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script |
In the oracle bone script and early bronze inscriptions, it was originally 秂, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *niːŋ) : semantic 禾 (“wheat; grain”) + phonetic 人 (OC *njin, “person”) – a person carrying wheat on his back – harvest.
In bronze inscriptions after the Western Zhou period, a stroke was often added to 人 to give 千 (OC *sn̥ʰiːn), which still acted as a phonetic component, and this form (秊) was inherited by later scripts. The current form is inherited from the clerical script, where libian (隸變) has occurred.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ni(ː)ŋ ~ s-nik (“year”).
Variety | Location | 年 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /nian³⁵/ |
Harbin | /nian²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /nian⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ȵiã⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /niã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /nian⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /niã²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ȵiã²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /nian⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ȵiɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ȵian⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /niɛn²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ȵian³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /nian²¹/ | |
Kunming | /niɛ̃³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /lien²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /liĩ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /nie¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ȵie̞¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /nie³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵi²³/ |
Suzhou | /ȵiɪ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ȵiẽ̞²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵi³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ne⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ȵiɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ȵiẽ¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /ȵiẽ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiɛn⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋian¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋien¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nin²¹/ |
Nanning | /nin²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /nin²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /lian³⁵/ /ni³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /nieŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niŋ³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /nĩ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /nin³¹/ /hi³¹/ |
年
Others: