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ध्वजा वाहक भनेको एयरलाइन वा ढुवानी कम्पनी जस्ता यातायात कम्पनी हो, जुन स्थानीय रूपमा सार्वभौम राज्यमा दर्ता भएको हुन्छ र, सरकारले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सञ्चालनका लागि प्रदान गरेको अधिमान्य अधिकार वा विशेषाधिकारहरू प्राप्त गर्दछ।
ऐतिहासिक रूपमा, यो शब्दावली कुनै पनि देशको सरकारको स्वामित्वमा रहेको र त्यो देशको राष्ट्रिय पहिचानसँग सम्बन्धित एयरलाइन्सलाई जनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। [१] यस्तो एयरलाइनलाई राष्ट्रिय वायुसेवा वा राष्ट्रिय वाहकको रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ, यद्यपि केही देशहरूमा यसको फरक कानूनी अर्थ हुन सक्छ। आजको समयमा, ध्वजावाहक भनेको गृह देशसँग बलियो सम्बन्ध भएको वा जसले आफ्नो गृह देशलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने कुनै पनि अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय एयरलाइन हो , चाहे त्यो सरकारी स्वामित्वको होस् वा नहोस्। [२] [३]
"ध्वजा वाहक" शब्द त्यो समयको लिगेसी हो जतिबेला देशहरूले राज्यको स्वामित्वका एयरलाइन कम्पनीहरू स्थापना गर्थे। एयरलाइन्स स्थापना र सञ्चालनको लागि उच्च पूँजी लागतका कारण त्यतिबेला सरकारले एयरलाइन्स कम्पनी स्थापना नेतृत्व लिन्थे। यद्यपि, त्यस्ता सबै एयरलाइन्स सरकारी स्वामित्वका थिएनन्; प्यान एम, TWA, क्याथे प्यासिफिक, Union de Transports Aériens, Canadian Pacific Airlines र Olympic Airlines सबै निजी स्वामित्वमा थिए। यी मध्ये अधिकांशलाई ध्वजा वाहक मानिन्थ्यो [४] किनकि तिनीहरू "मुख्य राष्ट्रिय वायुसेवा" [५] थिए र प्रायः विदेशमा उनीहरूको देशको उपस्थितिको संकेत थियो। [६] [७]
तलको चार्टमा केही हालको वा भूतपूर्व राज्यको स्वामित्व वा राष्ट्रिय एयरलाइन्सहरूलाई प्रस्तुत गर्दछा।
देश वा क्षेत्र | वायुसेवा | राष्ट्रिय स्वामित्वको विवरण | पहिलेको स्वामित्व |
---|---|---|---|
अफगानिस्तान | Ariana Afghan Airlines[८] | State-owned[९] | |
अल्बानिया | Air Albania[१०] | ||
अल्जेरिया | Air Algérie[११] | State-owned[१२] | |
अङ्गोला | TAAG Angola Airlines[१३] | Majority[१४] | |
अर्जेन्टिना | Aerolíneas Argentinas[१५] | State-owned[१५] | |
आर्मेनिया | Fly Arna[१६][१७] | ||
Aruba | Aruba Airlines[१८] | None | |
अस्ट्रेलिया | Qantas[१९] | None | State-owned until 1992.[२०] |
अस्ट्रिया | Austrian Airlines[२१] | None – owned by Lufthansa | State-owned until 5 December 2008.[२२] |
अजरबैजान | Azerbaijan Airlines[२३] | ||
ढाँचा:BHS | Bahamasair[२४] | State-owned | |
बहराइन | गल्फ एयर[२५] | State-owned[२६] | |
बङ्गलादेश | विमान बङ्गलादेश एअरलाइन्स [२७] | Public limited company | State-owned until 23 July 2007. |
बेलारुस | Belavia[२८] | State-owned[२९] | |
बेल्जियम | Brussels Airlines[३०] | None – owned by Lufthansa[३१] | State-owned in its original incarnation (SN Brussels Airlines) |
भुटान | Druk Air[३२] | None | |
बोलिभिया | Boliviana de Aviación[३३] | State-owned[३४] | |
बोत्स्वाना | Air Botswana[३५] | State-owned[३५] | |
ब्रुनाई | Royal Brunei Airlines[३६] | State-owned[३६] | |
Bulgaria | Bulgaria Air[३७] | Minority State-owned (0.01%)[३८] | |
बुर्किना फासो | Air Burkina | State-owned[३९] | |
कम्बोडिया | Cambodia Angkor Air[४०] | Majority (51%)[४१] | |
क्यामेरून | Camair-Co[४२] | State-owned[४३] | |
क्यानडा | Air Canada[४४] | Minority state-owned by the Government of Canada (Estimated 6.4%)[४५] | State-owned until privatization in 1989.[४६] |
केप भर्ड | TACV[४७] | ||
ढाँचा:CYM | Cayman Airways | State-owned [४८] | |
चिली | LATAM Chile[४९][५०] | None | State-owned until September 1989.[५१] |
चीन | एयर चाइना[५२] | Majority (51.7%): 40.98% through CNAHC and 10.72% through CNACG[५३]:10 | State-owned until 2004.[५४] |
कोलम्बिया | Avianca[५५] | None | |
कोस्टा रिका | Avianca Costa Rica[५६] | ||
क्रोएसिया | Croatia Airlines[५७] | Majority (98%)[५८] | |
क्युबा | Cubana de Aviación[५९] | State-owned[६०] | |
साइप्रस | Cyprus Airways[६१] | None - 40% owned by Malta-based SJC Group[६२] | |
चेक गणतन्त्र | Czech Airlines[६३] | None[६३] | |
ढाँचा:No wrap | Congo Airways[६४] | State-owned[६४] | |
डेनमार्क | Scandinavian Airlines[६५] | Joint venture[nb १] | |
नर्वे | |||
स्विडेन | |||
जिबुती | Air Djibouti[६८] | Joint venture | |
मिस्र | Egyptair[६९] | State-owned[७०] | |
भूमध्यरेखीय गिनी | CEIBA Intercontinental[७१] | ||
इरित्रिया | Eritrean Airlines | State-owned | |
एस्टोनिया | Nordica[७२] | State-owned[७३] | |
इथियोपिया | Ethiopian Airlines[७४] | State-owned[७५] | |
Faroe Islands | Atlantic Airways[७६] | ||
फिजी | Fiji Airways[७७] | Majority (51%)[७८] | |
फिनल्यान्ड | Finnair[७९] | Majority (55.8%)[८०] | |
फ्रान्स | Air France[८१] | Minority (18% share)[८२] | |
फ्रान्सेली पोलिनेसिया | Air Tahiti Nui[८३] | Majority[८४] | |
जर्जिया (देश) | Georgian Airways | None | |
जर्मनी | Lufthansa[८५] | Minority (20.05%) in the parent company since 2020 due to near-insolvency as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic [८६][८७] | State-owned until 1994;[८८] remaining government shares were sold in 1997.[८९] |
ग्रीस | Aegean Airlines[९०] | ||
Greenland | Air Greenland[९१] | ||
ढाँचा:Country data Bailiwick of Guernsey | Aurigny[९२] | State-owned[९३] | |
गयाना | Caribbean Airlines[९४][९५][९६] | None[स्रोत नखुलेको] | |
जमैका | Minority (16%)[स्रोत नखुलेको] | ||
ट्रिनिडाड र टोबागो | Majority (84%)[९७] | ||
हङकङ | Cathay Pacific[९८] | Minority (6.08% by Hong Kong Government) + 28.17% through Air China Limited[९९] | |
आइसल्यान्ड | Icelandair[१००] | None - owned by Icelandair Group[१०१] | |
भारत | एअर इन्डिया[१०२] | None - owned by Tata Group[१०३] | State-owned until November 2021[१०२][१०४][१०५] |
इन्डोनेसिया | Garuda Indonesia[१०६] | Majority (60.536%)[१०७] | State-owned until February 2011.[१०८] |
इरान | Iran Air[१०९] | State-owned[११०] | |
इराक | Iraqi Airways[१११] | ||
आयरल्यान्ड | Aer Lingus[११२][११३] | None – owned by International Airlines Group | State-owned until September 2006.[११४] |
इजरायल | El Al[११५] | Minority (~1.1%)[११६] | State-owned until June 2004. |
इटाली | ITA Airways[११७] | State-owned, succeeded Alitalia starting from 15 October 2021[११८][११९][१२०] | |
आइभोरी कोस्ट | Air Côte d'Ivoire[१२१] | Minority (49%) | |
जापान | Japan Airlines[१२२] | None | State-owned until 1987.[१२३][१२४] |
जोर्डन | Royal Jordanian[१२५] | ||
कजाख्स्तान | Air Astana[१२६] | Majority (51%)[१२७] | |
केन्या | Kenya Airways[१२८] | Minority (29.8%)[१२९] | |
किरिबाटी | Air Kiribati[१३०] | ||
कुवेत | Kuwait Airways[१३१] | State-owned[१३२] | |
लाओस | Lao Airlines[१३३] | State-owned[१३४] | |
लात्भिया | airBaltic[१३५] | Majority (80.05%)[१३६] | |
लेबनान | Middle East Airlines[१३७] | Majority (99%)[१३७] | |
लिबिया | Afriqiyah Airways[१३८] | State-owned[१३९] | |
Libyan Airlines[१४०] | State-owned[१४०] | ||
Luxembourg | Luxair[१४१] | Majority (73.86%)[१४२] | |
मकाउ | Air Macau[१४३] | Minority (5%) | |
माडागास्कर | Air Madagascar[१४४] | Majority | |
मलावी | Malawi Airlines[१४५] | Majority (51%)[१४५] | |
मलेसिया | मलेसिया एअरलाइन्स[१४६] | State-owned through Khazanah Nasional[१४७] | |
माल्दिभ्स | Maldivian | ||
ढाँचा:MLT | Air Malta[१४८] | Majority[१४९] | |
मौरिटानिया | Mauritania Airlines[१५०] | ||
मौरिसस | Air Mauritius[१५१] | ||
मेक्सिको | Aeroméxico[१५२] | None | State-owned until 2007. |
ढाँचा:MDA | Air Moldova[१५३] | ||
मङ्गोलिया | MIAT Mongolian Airlines[१५४] | State-owned[१५५] | |
मोन्टेनेग्रो | Air Montenegro[१५६] | State-owned[१५७] | |
मोरोक्को | Royal Air Maroc[१५८] | State-owned[१५९] | |
मोजाम्बिक | LAM Mozambique Airlines[१६०] | State-owned | |
Myanmar | Myanmar National Airlines[१६१] | State-owned[१६२] | |
नाउरू | Nauru Airlines[१६३] | State-owned[१६३] | |
नेपाल | नेपाल एयरलाइन्स[१६४] | State-owned | |
नेदरल्यान्ड | KLM[१६५] | Minority (14%)[१६६] | |
New Caledonia | Aircalin | Majority (99%)[१६७] | |
न्युजिल्यान्ड | Air New Zealand[१६८] | Majority (53%)[१६९] | State-owned until 1989, partially re-nationalized in 2001.[१७०][१७१][१७२] |
उत्तर कोरिया | Air Koryo[१७३] | State-owned[१७४] | |
ओमान | Oman Air[१७५] | Majority[१७६] | |
पाकिस्तान | Pakistan International Airlines[१७७] | State-owned[१७८] | |
पानामा | Copa Airlines[१७९] | None | |
पपुवा न्युगिनी | Air Niugini[१८०] | ||
पाराग्वे | LATAM Paraguay[१८१] | ||
पेरू | LATAM Perú[१८२] | ||
फिलिपिन्स | Philippine Airlines[१८३] | ||
पोल्यान्ड | LOT Polish Airlines[१८४] | State-owned[१८५] | |
पोर्तगाल | TAP Air Portugal[१८६] | Majority (72%) [१८७] | |
कतार | कतार एयरवेज[१८८] | State-owned | |
ढाँचा:REU | Air Austral[१८९] | ||
रोमानिया | TAROM[१९०] | Majority (95%)[१९१] | |
रुस | Aeroflot[१९२] | Majority (51%)[१९३] | |
रुवान्डा | RwandAir[१९४] | State-owned[१९४] | |
ढाँचा:VCT | SVG Air[स्रोत नखुलेको] | ||
सामोआ | Samoa Airways[१९५] | State-owned[१९६] | |
साओ तोमे र प्रिन्सिपी | STP Airways[स्रोत नखुलेको] | None | |
साउदी अरब | Saudia[१९७] | Majority | |
सेनेगल | Air Senegal[१९८] | ||
सर्बिया | Air Serbia[१९९] | Majority (51%)[२००] | |
सेसेल्स | Air Seychelles[२०१] | State-owned (100%)[२०२] | |
सोलोमन द्वीप | Solomon Airlines[२०३] | State-owned (100%)[२०४] | |
सिङ्गापुर | Singapore Airlines[२०५] | Majority (54.5% through Temasek Holdings[२०६]) | |
दक्षिण अफ्रिका | South African Airways[२०७] | State-owned[२०८] | |
दक्षिण कोरिया | Korean Air[२०९] | None[२१०] – owned by Hanjin[२११] | State-owned until 1969.[२१२][२१३][२१४] |
स्पेन | Iberia[२१५] | None – owned by International Airlines Group | |
श्रीलङ्का | SriLankan Airlines[२१६] | State-owned[२१७] | |
सुडान | Sudan Airways | State-owned[२१८] | |
ढाँचा:SUR | Surinam Airways[२१९] | State-owned[२२०] | |
स्विट्जरल्यान्ड | Swiss International Air Lines[२२१] | None – owned by Lufthansa[२२२] | |
सिरिया | Syrian Air[२२३] | State-owned | |
ताइवान | China Airlines[२२४] | Majority[२२५] | State-owned until 1991. 51.28% held by non-profit Civic Aviation Development Foundation.[२२६] |
तान्जानिया | Air Tanzania | State-owned | |
थाइल्यान्ड | थाइ एयरवेज[२२७] | Minority (47.86%)[२२८] | |
ट्युनिसिया | Tunisair[२२९] | Majority[२२९] | |
टर्की | टर्किस एअरलाइन्स[२३०] | Minority (49%) | |
तुर्कमेनिस्तान | Turkmenistan Airlines[२३१] | State-owned | |
युगान्डा | Uganda Airlines[२३२] | ||
युक्रेन | Ukraine International Airlines[२३३] | ||
संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स | इतिहाद एयरवेज [२३४] | State-owned by the Government of Abu Dhabi[२३५][२३६] | |
Emirates[२३७] | State-owned by the Government of Dubai through the Investment Corporation of Dubai.[२३८] | ||
संयुक्त अधिराज्य | British Airways[२३९] | None – owned by International Airlines Group | State-owned until 1987.[२४०] |
उज्बेकिस्तान | Uzbekistan Airways[२४१] | Majority | |
भेनेजुएला | Conviasa[२४२] | ||
भियतनाम | Vietnam Airlines[२४३] | Majority (86.2%)[२४३] | |
भानुअटु | Air Vanuatu[२४४] | ||
यमन | Yemenia[२४५] | Majority | |
जिम्बाब्वे | Air Zimbabwe[२४६] | State-owned[२४६] |
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