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ध्वजा वाहक भनेको एयरलाइन वा ढुवानी कम्पनी जस्ता यातायात कम्पनी हो, जुन स्थानीय रूपमा सार्वभौम राज्यमा दर्ता भएको हुन्छ र, सरकारले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सञ्चालनका लागि प्रदान गरेको अधिमान्य अधिकार वा विशेषाधिकारहरू प्राप्त गर्दछ।
ऐतिहासिक रूपमा, यो शब्दावली कुनै पनि देशको सरकारको स्वामित्वमा रहेको र त्यो देशको राष्ट्रिय पहिचानसँग सम्बन्धित एयरलाइन्सलाई जनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। [1] यस्तो एयरलाइनलाई राष्ट्रिय वायुसेवा वा राष्ट्रिय वाहकको रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ, यद्यपि केही देशहरूमा यसको फरक कानूनी अर्थ हुन सक्छ। आजको समयमा, ध्वजावाहक भनेको गृह देशसँग बलियो सम्बन्ध भएको वा जसले आफ्नो गृह देशलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने कुनै पनि अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय एयरलाइन हो , चाहे त्यो सरकारी स्वामित्वको होस् वा नहोस्। [2] [3]
"ध्वजा वाहक" शब्द त्यो समयको लिगेसी हो जतिबेला देशहरूले राज्यको स्वामित्वका एयरलाइन कम्पनीहरू स्थापना गर्थे। एयरलाइन्स स्थापना र सञ्चालनको लागि उच्च पूँजी लागतका कारण त्यतिबेला सरकारले एयरलाइन्स कम्पनी स्थापना नेतृत्व लिन्थे। यद्यपि, त्यस्ता सबै एयरलाइन्स सरकारी स्वामित्वका थिएनन्; प्यान एम, TWA, क्याथे प्यासिफिक, Union de Transports Aériens, Canadian Pacific Airlines र Olympic Airlines सबै निजी स्वामित्वमा थिए। यी मध्ये अधिकांशलाई ध्वजा वाहक मानिन्थ्यो [4] किनकि तिनीहरू "मुख्य राष्ट्रिय वायुसेवा" [5] थिए र प्रायः विदेशमा उनीहरूको देशको उपस्थितिको संकेत थियो। [6] [7]
तलको चार्टमा केही हालको वा भूतपूर्व राज्यको स्वामित्व वा राष्ट्रिय एयरलाइन्सहरूलाई प्रस्तुत गर्दछा।
देश वा क्षेत्र | वायुसेवा | राष्ट्रिय स्वामित्वको विवरण | पहिलेको स्वामित्व |
---|---|---|---|
अफगानिस्तान | Ariana Afghan Airlines[8] | State-owned[9] | |
अल्बानिया | Air Albania[10] | ||
अल्जेरिया | Air Algérie[11] | State-owned[12] | |
अङ्गोला | TAAG Angola Airlines[13] | Majority[14] | |
अर्जेन्टिना | Aerolíneas Argentinas[15] | State-owned[15] | |
आर्मेनिया | Fly Arna[16][17] | ||
Aruba | Aruba Airlines[18] | None | |
अस्ट्रेलिया | Qantas[19] | None | State-owned until 1992.[20] |
अस्ट्रिया | Austrian Airlines[21] | None – owned by Lufthansa | State-owned until 5 December 2008.[22] |
अजरबैजान | Azerbaijan Airlines[23] | ||
ढाँचा:BHS | Bahamasair[24] | State-owned | |
बहराइन | गल्फ एयर[25] | State-owned[26] | |
बङ्गलादेश | विमान बङ्गलादेश एअरलाइन्स [27] | Public limited company | State-owned until 23 July 2007. |
बेलारुस | Belavia[28] | State-owned[29] | |
बेल्जियम | Brussels Airlines[30] | None – owned by Lufthansa[31] | State-owned in its original incarnation (SN Brussels Airlines) |
भुटान | Druk Air[32] | None | |
बोलिभिया | Boliviana de Aviación[33] | State-owned[34] | |
बोत्स्वाना | Air Botswana[35] | State-owned[35] | |
ब्रुनाई | Royal Brunei Airlines[36] | State-owned[36] | |
Bulgaria | Bulgaria Air[37] | Minority State-owned (0.01%)[38] | |
बुर्किना फासो | Air Burkina | State-owned[39] | |
कम्बोडिया | Cambodia Angkor Air[40] | Majority (51%)[41] | |
क्यामेरून | Camair-Co[42] | State-owned[43] | |
क्यानडा | Air Canada[44] | Minority state-owned by the Government of Canada (Estimated 6.4%)[45] | State-owned until privatization in 1989.[46] |
केप भर्ड | TACV[47] | ||
ढाँचा:CYM | Cayman Airways | State-owned [48] | |
चिली | LATAM Chile[49][50] | None | State-owned until September 1989.[51] |
चीन | एयर चाइना[52] | Majority (51.7%): 40.98% through CNAHC and 10.72% through CNACG[53]:10 | State-owned until 2004.[54] |
कोलम्बिया | Avianca[55] | None | |
कोस्टा रिका | Avianca Costa Rica[56] | ||
क्रोएसिया | Croatia Airlines[57] | Majority (98%)[58] | |
क्युबा | Cubana de Aviación[59] | State-owned[60] | |
साइप्रस | Cyprus Airways[61] | None - 40% owned by Malta-based SJC Group[62] | |
चेक गणतन्त्र | Czech Airlines[63] | None[63] | |
ढाँचा:No wrap | Congo Airways[64] | State-owned[64] | |
डेनमार्क | Scandinavian Airlines[65] | Joint venture[nb 1] | |
नर्वे | |||
स्विडेन | |||
जिबुती | Air Djibouti[68] | Joint venture | |
मिस्र | Egyptair[69] | State-owned[70] | |
भूमध्यरेखीय गिनी | CEIBA Intercontinental[71] | ||
इरित्रिया | Eritrean Airlines | State-owned | |
एस्टोनिया | Nordica[72] | State-owned[73] | |
इथियोपिया | Ethiopian Airlines[74] | State-owned[75] | |
Faroe Islands | Atlantic Airways[76] | ||
फिजी | Fiji Airways[77] | Majority (51%)[78] | |
फिनल्यान्ड | Finnair[79] | Majority (55.8%)[80] | |
फ्रान्स | Air France[81] | Minority (18% share)[82] | |
फ्रान्सेली पोलिनेसिया | Air Tahiti Nui[83] | Majority[84] | |
जर्जिया (देश) | Georgian Airways | None | |
जर्मनी | Lufthansa[85] | Minority (20.05%) in the parent company since 2020 due to near-insolvency as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic [86][87] | State-owned until 1994;[88] remaining government shares were sold in 1997.[89] |
ग्रीस | Aegean Airlines[90] | ||
Greenland | Air Greenland[91] | ||
ढाँचा:Country data Bailiwick of Guernsey | Aurigny[92] | State-owned[93] | |
गयाना | Caribbean Airlines[94][95][96] | None[स्रोत नखुलेको] | |
जमैका | Minority (16%)[स्रोत नखुलेको] | ||
ट्रिनिडाड र टोबागो | Majority (84%)[97] | ||
हङकङ | Cathay Pacific[98] | Minority (6.08% by Hong Kong Government) + 28.17% through Air China Limited[99] | |
आइसल्यान्ड | Icelandair[100] | None - owned by Icelandair Group[101] | |
भारत | एअर इन्डिया[102] | None - owned by Tata Group[103] | State-owned until November 2021[102][104][105] |
इन्डोनेसिया | Garuda Indonesia[106] | Majority (60.536%)[107] | State-owned until February 2011.[108] |
इरान | Iran Air[109] | State-owned[110] | |
इराक | Iraqi Airways[111] | ||
आयरल्यान्ड | Aer Lingus[112][113] | None – owned by International Airlines Group | State-owned until September 2006.[114] |
इजरायल | El Al[115] | Minority (~1.1%)[116] | State-owned until June 2004. |
इटाली | ITA Airways[117] | State-owned, succeeded Alitalia starting from 15 October 2021[118][119][120] | |
आइभोरी कोस्ट | Air Côte d'Ivoire[121] | Minority (49%) | |
जापान | Japan Airlines[122] | None | State-owned until 1987.[123][124] |
जोर्डन | Royal Jordanian[125] | ||
कजाख्स्तान | Air Astana[126] | Majority (51%)[127] | |
केन्या | Kenya Airways[128] | Minority (29.8%)[129] | |
किरिबाटी | Air Kiribati[130] | ||
कुवेत | Kuwait Airways[131] | State-owned[132] | |
लाओस | Lao Airlines[133] | State-owned[134] | |
लात्भिया | airBaltic[135] | Majority (80.05%)[136] | |
लेबनान | Middle East Airlines[137] | Majority (99%)[137] | |
लिबिया | Afriqiyah Airways[138] | State-owned[139] | |
Libyan Airlines[140] | State-owned[140] | ||
Luxembourg | Luxair[141] | Majority (73.86%)[142] | |
मकाउ | Air Macau[143] | Minority (5%) | |
माडागास्कर | Air Madagascar[144] | Majority | |
मलावी | Malawi Airlines[145] | Majority (51%)[145] | |
मलेसिया | मलेसिया एअरलाइन्स[146] | State-owned through Khazanah Nasional[147] | |
माल्दिभ्स | Maldivian | ||
ढाँचा:MLT | Air Malta[148] | Majority[149] | |
मौरिटानिया | Mauritania Airlines[150] | ||
मौरिसस | Air Mauritius[151] | ||
मेक्सिको | Aeroméxico[152] | None | State-owned until 2007. |
ढाँचा:MDA | Air Moldova[153] | ||
मङ्गोलिया | MIAT Mongolian Airlines[154] | State-owned[155] | |
मोन्टेनेग्रो | Air Montenegro[156] | State-owned[157] | |
ढाँचा:Country data मोरोक्को | Royal Air Maroc[158] | State-owned[159] | |
मोजाम्बिक | LAM Mozambique Airlines[160] | State-owned | |
Myanmar | Myanmar National Airlines[161] | State-owned[162] | |
नाउरू | Nauru Airlines[163] | State-owned[163] | |
नेपाल | नेपाल एयरलाइन्स[164] | State-owned | |
नेदरल्यान्ड | KLM[165] | Minority (14%)[166] | |
New Caledonia | Aircalin | Majority (99%)[167] | |
न्युजिल्यान्ड | Air New Zealand[168] | Majority (53%)[169] | State-owned until 1989, partially re-nationalized in 2001.[170][171][172] |
उत्तर कोरिया | Air Koryo[173] | State-owned[174] | |
ओमान | Oman Air[175] | Majority[176] | |
पाकिस्तान | Pakistan International Airlines[177] | State-owned[178] | |
पानामा | Copa Airlines[179] | None | |
पपुवा न्युगिनी | Air Niugini[180] | ||
पाराग्वे | LATAM Paraguay[181] | ||
पेरू | LATAM Perú[182] | ||
फिलिपिन्स | Philippine Airlines[183] | ||
पोल्यान्ड | LOT Polish Airlines[184] | State-owned[185] | |
पोर्तगाल | TAP Air Portugal[186] | Majority (72%) [187] | |
कतार | कतार एयरवेज[188] | State-owned | |
ढाँचा:REU | Air Austral[189] | ||
रोमानिया | TAROM[190] | Majority (95%)[191] | |
रुस | Aeroflot[192] | Majority (51%)[193] | |
रुवान्डा | RwandAir[194] | State-owned[194] | |
ढाँचा:VCT | SVG Air[स्रोत नखुलेको] | ||
सामोआ | Samoa Airways[195] | State-owned[196] | |
साओ तोमे र प्रिन्सिपी | STP Airways[स्रोत नखुलेको] | None | |
साउदी अरब | Saudia[197] | Majority | |
सेनेगल | Air Senegal[198] | ||
सर्बिया | Air Serbia[199] | Majority (51%)[200] | |
सेसेल्स | Air Seychelles[201] | State-owned (100%)[202] | |
सोलोमन द्वीप | Solomon Airlines[203] | State-owned (100%)[204] | |
सिङ्गापुर | Singapore Airlines[205] | Majority (54.5% through Temasek Holdings[206]) | |
दक्षिण अफ्रिका | South African Airways[207] | State-owned[208] | |
दक्षिण कोरिया | Korean Air[209] | None[210] – owned by Hanjin[211] | State-owned until 1969.[212][213][214] |
स्पेन | Iberia[215] | None – owned by International Airlines Group | |
श्रीलङ्का | SriLankan Airlines[216] | State-owned[217] | |
सुडान | Sudan Airways | State-owned[218] | |
ढाँचा:SUR | Surinam Airways[219] | State-owned[220] | |
स्विट्जरल्यान्ड | Swiss International Air Lines[221] | None – owned by Lufthansa[222] | |
सिरिया | Syrian Air[223] | State-owned | |
ताइवान | China Airlines[224] | Majority[225] | State-owned until 1991. 51.28% held by non-profit Civic Aviation Development Foundation.[226] |
तान्जानिया | Air Tanzania | State-owned | |
थाइल्यान्ड | थाइ एयरवेज[227] | Minority (47.86%)[228] | |
ट्युनिसिया | Tunisair[229] | Majority[229] | |
टर्की | टर्किस एअरलाइन्स[230] | Minority (49%) | |
तुर्कमेनिस्तान | Turkmenistan Airlines[231] | State-owned | |
युगान्डा | Uganda Airlines[232] | ||
युक्रेन | Ukraine International Airlines[233] | ||
संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स | इतिहाद एयरवेज [234] | State-owned by the Government of Abu Dhabi[235][236] | |
Emirates[237] | State-owned by the Government of Dubai through the Investment Corporation of Dubai.[238] | ||
संयुक्त अधिराज्य | British Airways[239] | None – owned by International Airlines Group | State-owned until 1987.[240] |
उज्बेकिस्तान | Uzbekistan Airways[241] | Majority | |
भेनेजुएला | Conviasa[242] | ||
भियतनाम | Vietnam Airlines[243] | Majority (86.2%)[243] | |
भानुअटु | Air Vanuatu[244] | ||
यमन | Yemenia[245] | Majority | |
जिम्बाब्वे | Air Zimbabwe[246] | State-owned[246] |
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