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frost

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Frost and fröst

English

 frost on Wikipedia
Frost on a leaf and grass.
Close-up look at frost crystals.

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English frost, from an unmetathesized variant of Old English forst (“frost”), from Proto-Germanic *frustaz (“frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to freeze; frost”). Cognate with West Frisian froast (“frost”), Dutch vorst (“frost”), German Frost (“frost”), Swedish frost (“frost”), Norwegian frost (“frost”), Icelandic frost (“frost”), Latin pruīna (“hoarfrost, frost, rime, snow”). Related to freeze.

Pronunciation

Noun

frost (countable and uncountable, plural frosts)

  1. A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing.
  2. The cold weather that causes these ice crystals to form.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 31:40:
      Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes.
    • 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 47:
      It is more probable, in almost every country of Europe, that there will be frost sometime in January, than that the weather will continue open throughout that whole month;
  3. (figurative) Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character.
  4. (obsolete) The act of freezing; the congelation of water or other liquid.
  5. A shade of white, like that of frost.
    frost:  
  6. (slang, dated) A disappointment; a cheat.
  7. (television) A kind of light diffuser.
    • 2013, Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television, pages 9–26:
      Frosts and diffusion are flame retardant and produce similar results except that some of the frosts are very subtle in their effects. For example: Hamburg Frost will soften the beam edge with little additional spread of the beam.

Derived terms

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

frost (third-person singular simple present frosts, present participle frosting, simple past and past participle frosted)

  1. (transitive) To cover with frost.
  2. (intransitive) To become covered with frost.
    • 1975, Brian W. Blouet, Merlin P. Lawson, editors, Images of the Plains: The Role of Human Nature in Settlement, University of Nebraska Press, page 142:
      “The weather is pleasant while it frosted a little at night.”
  3. (transitive) To coat (something, e.g. a cake) with icing to resemble frost.
  4. (transitive, informal) To anger or annoy.
    I think the boss's decision frosted him a bit.
  5. (transitive) To sharpen (the points of a horse's shoe) to prevent it from slipping on ice.
  6. (transitive) To bleach individual strands of hair while leaving adjacent strands untouched.

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse frost.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /frɔst/, [fʁ̥ʌsd̥]

Noun

frost c (singular definite frosten, not used in plural form)

  1. frost

Declension

More information common gender, singular ...
Declension of frost
common
gender		 singular
indefinite definite
nominative frost frosten
genitive frosts frostens
Close

References

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse frost.

Pronunciation

Noun

frost n (genitive singular frosts, nominative plural frost)

  1. frost

Declension

More information singular, plural ...
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative frost frostið frost frostin
accusative frost frostið frost frostin
dative frosti frostinu frostum frostunum
genitive frosts frostsins frosta frostanna
Close
Declension of frost (neuter)

See also

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old English frost, forst, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz, *frustą; akin to Middle Dutch vorst, Middle High German vrost, Middle Low German vrost, and Old Swedish frost.

Pronunciation

Noun

frost (plural frostes)

  1. Cold or freezing weather; weather causing frost.
  2. Frost or rime; frozen dew or water droplets.
  3. Hail; precipitation below freezing temperature.
  4. (rare, figurative) Something with a chilling effect.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • English: frost
  • Scots: frost
  • Yola: vrosth, vroste, vrast

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

From Old Norse frost n.

Noun

frost m (definite singular frosten)

  1. frost

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse frost n.

Noun

frost m (definite singular frosten)

  1. frost

Derived terms

References

Old English

Noun

frost m

  1. Alternative form of forst, produced by metathesis

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old Norse frost.

Noun

frost m

  1. frost

Declension

More information case, singular ...
case singular plural
nominative frost frosta
accusative frost frosta
genitive frostes frosto
dative froste frostum
instrumental frostu —
Close
Declension of frost (masculine a-stem)

Derived terms

Descendants

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz, akin to Old English frost, Old High German frost.

Noun

frost n

  1. frost

Descendants

Further reading

  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “frost”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustą, *frustaz.

Pronunciation

Noun

frost c

  1. frost

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...
Declension of frost
nominative genitive
singular indefinite frost frosts
definite frosten frostens
plural indefinite — —
definite — —
Close

Anagrams

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