castle
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See also: Castle
Etymology
From Middle English castle, castel, from late Old English castel, castell (“a town, village, castle”), borrowed from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”), diminutive of Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”). Doublet of cashel, castell, castellum, and château.
Parallel borrowings (from Late Latin or Old French) are Scots castel, castell (“castle”), West Frisian kastiel (“castle”), Dutch kasteel (“castle”), German Kastell (“castle”), Danish kastel (“citadel”), Swedish kastell (“citadel”), Icelandic kastali (“castle”), Welsh castell.
The Middle English word was reinforced by Anglo-Norman/Old Northern French castel, itself from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”) (compare modern French château from Old French chastel). If Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”) is from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”), Latin casa (“cottage, hut”) is related. Possibly related also to Gothic 𐌷𐌴𐌸𐌾𐍉 (hēþjō, “chamber”), Old English heaþor (“restraint, confinement, enclosure, prison”). See also casino, cassock.
Pronunciation
Noun
castle (plural castles)
- A large residential building or compound that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king. Also, a house or mansion with some of the architectural features of medieval castles.
- (chess) An instance of castling.
- (chess, informal) A rook; a chess piece shaped like a castle tower.
- (shogi) A defense structure in shogi formed by defensive pieces surrounding the king.
- (obsolete) A close helmet.
- 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 12:
- The castle was perhaps a figurative name for a close headpiece deduced from its enclosing and defending the head, as a castle did the whole body; or a corruption from the Old French word casquetel, a small or light helmet.
- (dated) Any strong, imposing, and stately palace or mansion.
- (dated) A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.
- (cricket, colloquial) The wicket.
- 1966, Gurdeep Singh, Cricket in Northern India, page 59:
- Nay, he was quite an adept, and was very effective as a change bowler, for in no time he demolished the castle of any batsman.
Usage notes
For the chess piece, chess players prefer the term rook.
Synonyms
- (building): fortress
Hyponyms
- (building): keep, motte and bailey
Coordinate terms
- (building): castellan (overseer); castellate, castellany (domain); incastle, castellate, incastellate (to make into a castle); castellate, castellated, incastled, incastellated (castle-like)
Derived terms
- aftcastle
- aftercastle
- a man's home is his castle
- an Englishman's home is his castle
- Barnard Castle
- becastled
- Bishop's Castle
- bouncing castle
- bouncy castle
- build castles in the air
- Burgh Castle
- Castle
- Castle Acre
- Castle Ashby
- Castlebellingham
- Castle Bolton
- Castle Bromwich
- castlebuilder
- castlebuilding
- Castle Bytham
- Castle Caereinion
- Castle Cary
- Castle Combe
- Castle Dale
- Castledawson
- castle doctrine
- Castle Donington
- Castle Douglas
- Castle Eden
- Castleford
- castleful
- Castle Green
- Castle Gresley
- castle-guard
- Castle Hedingham
- Castle Hot Springs
- castle in the air
- castleless
- castlelike
- castle nut
- castle of love
- Castle Point
- Castle Rising
- Castle Rock, Castlerock
- castlet
- castle thunder
- Castletown
- castlette
- Castle Vale
- castleward
- castlewise
- castlewright
- cat-castle
- Corfe Castle
- counter-castle
- Elephant and Castle
- Elmley Castle
- fairy castle cactus
- fo'castle
- fo'c'sle
- fo'c's'le
- fo'c'stle
- forecastle
- Greencastle
- Hopton Castle
- ice castle
- inflatable castle
- jumping castle
- king of the castle
- milecastle
- Mountcastle
- New Castle, Newcastle
- pseudocastle
- Redcastle
- Richard's Castle
- Rowlands Castle
- sandcastle
- snow castle
- starter castle
- sterncastle
- summer-castle
- toll castle
- uncastle
- Wolf's Castle
- worm castle
Related terms
Descendants
- → Tongan: kāsolo
Translations
fortified building
|
chess piece — see rook
See also
| Chess pieces in English · chess pieces, chessmen (see also: chess) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| king | queen | rook, castle | bishop | knight | pawn |
Verb
castle (third-person singular simple present castles, present participle castling, simple past and past participle castled)
- (transitive) To house or keep in a castle.
- 1611, John Florio, Queen Anna's New World of Words, s.v. "Castellare":
- ...to encastle, to Castle.
- 1871, Robert Browning, Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society, section 116:
- ...Some fierce tribe, castled on the mountain-peak...
- 1611, John Florio, Queen Anna's New World of Words, s.v. "Castellare":
- (transitive, figurative) To protect or separate in a similar way.
- 1655, William Gurnall, The Christian in Compleat Armour, 1st Pt., 32:
- Castle me in the armes of thy everlasting strength.
- 1655, William Gurnall, The Christian in Compleat Armour, 1st Pt., 32:
- (obsolete) To make into a castle: to build in the form of a castle or add (real or imitation) battlements to an existing building.
- (usually intransitive, chess) To move the king 2 squares right or left and, in the same turn, the nearest rook to the far side of the king. The move now has special rules: the king cannot be in, go through, or end in check; the squares between the king and rook must be vacant; and neither piece may have been moved before castling.
- 1835, William Lewis, Chess for Beginners, Ch. 5, p. 24:
- No. 24. ¶ If your adversary make a false move, castle improperly, &c., you must take notice of such irregularity before you move, or even touch a piece, or you are no longer allowed to inflict any penalties.
- (usually intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.
- (cricket) To bowl a batsman with a full-length ball or yorker such that the stumps are knocked over.
- 2009, “Lightning Bolt Blows Over Gayle”, in BBC Sport:
- And the 23-year-old brought the crowd to their feet when he castled Gayle's stumps, signalling the direction of the pavilion to his friend for good measure.
- 2011, Firdose Moonda, “A Day for Missed Hat-tricks”, in ESPNcricinfo:
- He bowled Vinay with a full, straight ball that castled off stump and then dished up a yorker that RP Singh backed away to and sent onto his stumps.
Synonyms
- (to house in a castle): castellate, incastellate
- (to make into a castle): See fortify
Derived terms
- castle up, castle short, castle long
Translations
chess
|
Anagrams
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Noun
castle
- Alternative form of castel
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