損

See also: 损

損 U+640D, 損 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-640D ← 搌 [U+640C] CJK Unified Ideographs 搎 → [U+640E]

Translingual

Han character

損 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 手口月金 (QRBC), four-corner 5608₆, composition ⿰扌員)

1. diminish
2. impair
3. injure
4. to damage
5. 41st hexagram of the I Ching

Derived characters

• 𨆥

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 446, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12459
• Dae Jaweon: page 796, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1931, character 10
• Unihan data for U+640D

Chinese

trad.		損
simp.		损
alternative forms		扻 ancient

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
員	*ɢon, *ɢun
圓	*ɢon
塤	*qʰon
損	*sqʰuːnʔ
縜	*ɢun
隕	*ɢunʔ
殞	*ɢunʔ
溳	*ɢunʔ, *ɢun
磒	*ɢunʔ
霣	*ɢunʔ
愪	*ɢunʔ, *ɢun
勛	*qʰun
鄖	*ɢun
篔	*ɢun
貟	*ɢun, *ɢuns
韻	*ɢʷɯns

Characters in the same phonetic series (員) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰuːnʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	損
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇本切
Baxter	swonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suənX/
Pan Wuyun	/suonX/
Shao Rongfen	/suənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swənX/
Li Rong	/suənX/
Wang Li	/suənX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/suənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǔn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun2

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	損
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ swonX ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-q]ʷˁə[n]ʔ/
English	diminish, damage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	損
Reading #	1/1
No.	16202
Phonetic component	員
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	損
Old Chinese	/*sqʰuːnʔ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sǔn (sun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syun²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sún
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sún / sńg / súiⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sung²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sǔn
    • Wade–Giles: sun³
    • Yale: swǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soen
    • Palladius: сунь (sunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: syun²
    • Yale: syún
    • Cantonese Pinyin: syn²
    • Guangdong Romanization: xun²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syːn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sún
    • Hakka Romanization System: sun^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sun³
    • Sinological IPA: /sun³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sún
    • Tâi-lô: sún
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suon
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sun⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sńg
    • Tâi-lô: sńg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sngr
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sŋ̍⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: súiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: suínn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svuie
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ⁵³/

Note:

• sún - literary;
• sńg/súiⁿ - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sung²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: súng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: swonX

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-q]ʷˤə[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰuːnʔ/

Definitions

損

1. to reduce; to decrease; to cut; to diminish

   Antonym: 益 (yì)

2. to harm; to cause destruction to; to damage
3. to lose; to forfeit

   損失／损失  ―  sǔnshī  ―  to lose

4. loss; decrease; reduction

   • 滿招損，謙受益。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     满招损，谦受益。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Mǎn zhāo sǔn, qiān shòu yì. [Pinyin]

     Pride brings loss, and humility receives increase.

5. (colloquial) to make sarcastic remarks; to act meanly; to mock
6. (colloquial, chiefly of remarks) acrimonious; caustic; biting; mean (Can we add an example for this sense?) (especially Min Nan)
7. (Cantonese) to be injured, in the form of an abrasion

Synonyms

• (to reduce):

edit

• 削 (literary, or in compounds)
• 削減／削减 (xuējiǎn)
• 壓縮／压缩 (yāsuō)
• 撤 (chè)
• 收縮／收缩 (shōusuō)
• 消減／消减 (xiāojiǎn)
• 減低／减低 (jiǎndī)
• 減削／减削 (jiǎnxuè)
• 減少／减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
• 減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
• 減縮／减缩 (jiǎnsuō)
• 減輕／减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
• 省卻／省却 (shěngquè)
• 砍 (kǎn)
• 緊縮／紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
• 縮減／缩减 (suōjiǎn)
• 耗
• 裁 (cái)
• 裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
• 裁減／裁减 (cáijiǎn)
• 鐫汰／镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
• 降低 (jiàngdī)

 

• (to harm):

edit

• 傷害／伤害 (shānghài)
• 危及 (wēijí)
• 危害 (wēihài)
• 妨害 (fánghài)
• 戕害 (qiānghài) (literary)
• 戕賊／戕贼 (literary)
• 損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
• 損害／损害 (sǔnhài)
• 暴害 (bàohài) (literary)
• 有傷／有伤 (yǒushāng) (chiefly used in derived terms)
• 禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
• 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)

 

• (to lose):

edit

• 喪失／丧失 (sàngshī)
• 失掉 (shīdiào)
• 損失／损失 (sǔnshī)
• 淪亡／沦亡 (lúnwáng)
• 滅絕／灭绝 (mièjué)
• 虧／亏 (kuī)

 

• (to make sarcastic remarks):

edit

• 作弄 (zuònòng)
• 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
• 刺 (literary, or in compounds)
• 刺溪 (chié-*kă̤) (Eastern Min)
• 創弄／创弄 (Hokkien)
• 創景／创景 (Hokkien)
• 創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Hokkien)
• 剾損／𠛅损 (Hokkien)
• 剾洗／𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Hokkien)
• 剾洗／𠛅洗 (Hokkien)
• 剾褻／𠛅亵 (Hokkien)
• 𠢕滾／𠢕滚 (Hokkien)
• 取樂／取乐 (qǔlè)
• 取笑 (qǔxiào)
• 呾笑話／呾笑话 (dan³ cio³ uê⁷) (Teochew)
• 呾耍笑 (Teochew)
• 嗤笑 (chīxiào)
• 嘲弄 (cháonòng)
• 嘲笑 (cháoxiào)
• 嘲訕／嘲讪 (cháoshàn)
• 嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
• 嘲謔／嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
• 奚落 (xīluò)
• 尋開心／寻开心 (Wu)
• 巴銳／巴锐 (Hokkien)
• 恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
• 戲弄／戏弄 (xìnòng)
• 戲謔／戏谑 (xìxuè)
• 挖苦 (wākǔ)
• 捉弄 (zhuōnòng)
• 撩 (Hakka)
• 撚化 (nan² faa³) (Cantonese)
• 撮弄 (cuōnòng) (literary)
• 擺弄／摆弄
• 消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
• 湊趣／凑趣 (còuqù)
• 𤊶人 (Hakka)
• 玩 (colloquial)
• 玩弄
• 笑 (xiào)
• 笑話／笑话 (xiàohuà)
• 耍 (shuǎ)
• 耍弄 (shuǎnòng)
• 耍忽 (sua² huah⁴) (Jin)
• 落八 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 見笑／见笑 (jiànxiào)
• 訕笑／讪笑 (shànxiào)
• 詼謔／诙谑 (huīxuè)
• 說風涼話／说风凉话 (shuō fēngliánghuà)
• 調笑／调笑 (tiáoxiào)
• 諦／谛 (dai³) (Cantonese)
• 諷刺／讽刺 (fěngcì)
• 謔潲／谑潲 (Hokkien)
• 謔燒／谑烧 (Hokkien)
• 講笑／讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
• 講耍笑／讲耍笑 (Hokkien)
• 譏刺／讥刺 (jīcì)
• 譏嘲／讥嘲 (jīcháo)
• 譏笑／讥笑 (jīxiào)
• 譏誚／讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
• 譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
• 變弄／变弄 (Hokkien)
• 𧮙 (Wu)
• 起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
• 輕體／轻体 (Hokkien)
• 逗 (dòu)
• 逗弄
• 鄙笑 (Hokkien)
• 酸笑 (Hokkien)
• 鈍／钝 (Wu)
• 開心／开心 (kāixīn)
• 開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
• 開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
• 鬧玩笑／闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)

 

• (acrimonious):

edit

• 刻薄 (kèbó)
• 尖刻 (jiānkè) (chiefly of remarks)
• 尖酸 (jiānsuān) (chiefly of remarks)
• 苛刻 (kēkè) (demanding)

 

Compounds

• 七損八傷／七损八伤
• 佞徒損友／佞徒损友
• 傷損／伤损
• 分毫無損／分毫无损
• 受損／受损 (shòusǔn)
• 增損／增损
• 役損／役损
• 悶損／闷损
• 抑損／抑损
• 折損／折损
• 拍損／拍损 (phah-sńg) (Min Nan)
• 損上益下／损上益下
• 損事／损事
• 損人／损人
• 損人利己／损人利己 (sǔnrénlìjǐ)
• 損人安己／损人安己
• 損人益己／损人益己
• 損人肥己／损人肥己
• 損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
• 損兵折將／损兵折将 (sǔnbīngzhéjiàng)
• 損到家／损到家
• 損友／损友 (sǔnyǒu)
• 損壞／损坏 (sǔnhuài)
• 損壽／损寿
• 損失／损失 (sǔnshī)
• 損害／损害 (sǔnhài)
• 損害賠償／损害赔偿
• 損將折兵／损将折兵
• 損己利物／损己利物
• 損年／损年
• 損德／损德
• 損折／损折 (sǔnzhé)
• 損挹／损挹
• 損書／损书
• 損本逐末／损本逐末
• 損毀／损毁 (sǔnhuǐ)
• 損燬／损毁
• 損益／损益 (sǔnyì)
• 損者三友／损者三友
• 損者三樂／损者三乐
• 損耗／损耗 (sǔnhào)
• 損蝕／损蚀
• 損軍折將／损军折将
• 損陰壞德／损阴坏德
• 損陰騭／损阴骘
• 敗損／败损
• 斟酌損益／斟酌损益
• 有增無損／有增无损
• 有形損耗／有形损耗
• 有損無益／有损无益
• 欲益反損／欲益反损
• 毀損／毁损 (huǐsǔn)
• 毀損罪／毁损罪
• 毫髮無損／毫发无损
• 求益反損／求益反损
• 汙損／污损 (wūsǔn)
• 海損／海损
• 減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
• 火災損失／火灾损失
• 無損／无损 (wúsǔn)
• 瘦損／瘦损
• 益上損下／益上损下
• 破損／破损 (pòsǔn)
• 磨損／磨损 (mósǔn)
• 純損／纯损
• 繁華損枝／繁华损枝
• 罨損／罨损
• 耗損／耗损 (hàosǔn)
• 虧損／亏损 (kuīsǔn)
• 蝕損／蚀损
• 裁損／裁损
• 貶損／贬损 (biǎnsǔn)
• 費日損功／费日损功
• 跌打損傷／跌打损伤 (diēdǎsǔnshāng)
• 香消玉損／香消玉损

 

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 損

損

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. harm

Readings

• Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
• Kun: そこなう (sokonau, 損なう, Jōyō)^{←そこなふ (sokonafu, 損なふ, historical)}、そこなう (sokonau, 損う)^{←そこなふ (sokonafu, 損ふ, historical)}、そこねる (sokoneru, 損ねる, Jōyō)、へる (heru, 損る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
損
そん Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 損 (MC swonX).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そん [sóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [sõ̞ɴ]

Noun

損(そん) • (son) ^{←そん (son)?}

1. loss (opposite of gain)

   損(そん)を抱(かか)える

   son o kakaeru

   to sustain a loss

Antonyms

• 得(とく) (toku, “gain”)

Derived terms

• 損(そん)する (sonsuru)
• 損(そん)ずる (sonzuru)
• 損(そん)じる (sonjiru)

Affix

損(そん) • (son) 

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

• 損(そん)失(しつ) (sonshitsu, “loss”)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

損 (eum 손 (son))

1. diminish
2. impair
3. injure

Vietnamese

Han character

損: Hán Nôm readings: tốn, tổn, tủn, vin, tỏn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.