想
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
想 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木山心 (DUP), four-corner 46330, composition ⿱相心)
Derived characters
- 𫾋
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 392, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10858
- Dae Jaweon: page 728, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2320, character 11
- Unihan data for U+60F3
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaŋʔ) : phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart, mind”) – to think, to consider. The phonetic component has a reference as well to the act of thinking, hence "visualizing" in one's own mind.
Etymology
From 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs, “to observe; appearance”) (“appearance > to visualise > to think”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiang3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щён (xi͡on, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xiong3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xion2
- Northern Min (KCR): siǒ̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): siōng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): syong3 / syeng3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shian
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sian3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎng
- Wade–Giles: hsiang3
- Yale: syǎng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheang
- Palladius: сян (sjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xiang3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiang
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiaŋ⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щён (xi͡on, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: soeng2
- Yale: séung
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng2
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœːŋ³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhiang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xiong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɔŋ²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sióng
- Hakka Romanization System: xiongˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xiong3
- Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xion2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiɒ̃⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siǒ̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /suoŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: syong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬyɒŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: syeng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬyøŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siǔⁿ
- Tâi-lô: siǔnn
- IPA (Lukang, Philippines): /siũ³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siũ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan, Medan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōⁿ
- Tâi-lô: siōnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svioi
- IPA (Tainan): /siɔ̃³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔ̃²²/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāuⁿ
- Tâi-lô: siāunn
- Phofsit Daibuun: sviau
- IPA (Penang): /siãu²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng
- Tâi-lô: sióng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siorng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáng
- Tâi-lô: siáng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siarng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁵³/
Note:
- siūⁿ/siǔⁿ/siōⁿ - vernacular;
- sióng/siáng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siên6 / sion6 / siang2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siĕⁿ / siŏⁿ / siáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sĩẽ³⁵/, /sĩõ³⁵/, /siaŋ⁵²/
- (Teochew)
- siên6/sion6 - vernacular (siên6 - Chaozhou);
- siang2 - literary.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: sjangX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]aŋʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*slaŋʔ/
Definitions
想
- to think (to conceive of something or someone)
- to think about; to plan; to be considering
- to think; to suppose; to guess; to reckon
- to want; to wish for; to desire
- to miss (to feel the absence of someone or something)
- to resemble
- (Hinduism, Buddhism) sanskara
Usage notes
- In the sense of want or desire, 想 (xiǎng) is also used as would like. It also appears together with 要 (yào) as 想要 (xiǎngyào) to mean "would like".
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 想念, 思念, 掛念, 惦念, 懷念 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 想念, 想 |
| Singapore | 想念, 想 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掛住, 掛望 |
| Hong Kong | 掛住 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 掛住 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 數念, 心念 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 數念 | |
| Quanzhou | 數念, 心念 | |
| Zhangzhou | 數念, 心念 | |
| Tainan | 想, 數念, 思念 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 數念 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 數念 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 數念 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 思念 | |
| Wenchang | 想念 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 算 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 想, 牽記, 想念 somewhat literary |
| Suzhou | 牽記 | |
| Ningbo | 忖 | |
| Jinhua | 想, 忖 | |
- (to reckon):
Compounds
- 不堪設想／不堪设想 (bùkānshèxiǎng)
- 不想 (bùxiǎng)
- 中心思想 (zhōngxīn sīxiǎng)
- 伏想
- 休想 (xiūxiǎng)
- 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)
- 假想敵／假想敌 (jiǎxiǎngdí)
- 傾想／倾想
- 儘想／尽想
- 冥思苦想 (míngsīkǔxiǎng)
- 冥想 (míngxiǎng)
- 凝想
- 前思後想／前思后想
- 千思萬想／千思万想
- 可想而知 (kěxiǎng'érzhī)
- 呆想
- 回想 (huíxiǎng)
- 夢勞魂想／梦劳魂想
- 夢想／梦想 (mèngxiǎng)
- 夢想成真／梦想成真 (mèngxiǎngchéngzhēn)
- 奇想 (qíxiǎng)
- 妄想 (wàngxiǎng)
- 妄想症 (wàngxiǎngzhèng)
- 妙想
- 封建思想
- 少年袂曉想，食老毋成樣／少年袂晓想，食老毋成样 (siàu-liân bē-hiáu siūⁿ, chia̍h-lāu m̄-chiâⁿ-iūⁿ) (Min Nan)
- 左思右想 (zuǒsīyòuxiǎng)
- 巴想
- 幻想 (huànxiǎng)
- 幻想力
- 幻想曲 (huànxiǎngqǔ)
- 幻想派
- 心想事成 (xīnxiǎngshìchéng)
- 心無二想／心无二想
- 思前想後／思前想后 (sīqiánxiǎnghòu)
- 思想 (sīxiǎng)
- 思想史 (sīxiǎngshǐ)
- 思想家 (sīxiǎngjiā)
- 思想庫／思想库 (sīxiǎngkù)
- 思想戰／思想战
- 悁想
- 想一想
- 想不到 (xiǎngbùdào)
- 想不透
- 想不通 (xiǎngbùtōng)
- 想不開／想不开 (xiǎngbùkāi)
- 想來／想来 (xiǎnglái)
- 想來想去／想来想去
- 想像 (xiǎngxiàng)
- 想像力 (xiǎngxiànglì)
- 想像／想象 (xiǎngxiàng)
- 想像／想象力 (xiǎngxiàng)
- 想入非非 (xiǎngrùfēifēi)
- 想到 (xiǎngdào)
- 想前顧後／想前顾后
- 想家 (xiǎngjiā)
- 想度
- 想得美 (xiǎngdeměi)
- 想得開／想得开 (xiǎngdekāi)
- 想必 (xiǎngbì)
- 想念 (xiǎngniàn)
- 意想 (yìxiǎng)
- 慨想
- 感想 (gǎnxiǎng)
- 意想不到 (yìxiǎngbùdào)
- 想慕
- 想方設法／想方设法 (xiǎngfāngshèfǎ)
- 想望 (xiǎngwàng)
- 想法
- 想法子
- 想當然／想当然 (xiǎngdāngrán)
- 想當然耳／想当然耳
- 想碴兒／想碴儿
- 想要 (xiǎngyào)
- 想見／想见 (xiǎngjiàn)
- 想起 (xiǎngqǐ)
- 想起來／想起来
- 想通 (xiǎngtōng)
- 想開／想开 (xiǎngkāi)
- 想頭／想头 (xiǎngtou)
- 懸想／悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
- 懷想／怀想 (huáixiǎng)
- 戰略思想／战略思想
- 推想 (tuīxiǎng)
- 揣想
- 摹想
- 數想／数想 (siàu-siūⁿ) (Min Nan)
- 料想 (liàoxiǎng)
- 暗想 (ànxiǎng)
- 暢想／畅想 (chàngxiǎng)
- 暮想朝思
- 有想頭／有想头
- 朝思夕想
- 朝思暮想 (zhāosīmùxiǎng)
- 東想西想／东想西想
- 構想／构想 (gòuxiǎng)
- 沒心想／没心想
- 沒心沒想／没心没想
- 沒想到／没想到 (méixiǎngdào)
- 沒想頭／没想头
- 浮想 (fúxiǎng)
- 涉想 (shèxiǎng)
- 浮想聯翩／浮想联翩
- 渴想 (kěxiǎng)
- 濠濮間想／濠濮间想
- 無想頭／无想头
- 煩想／烦想
- 狂想
- 狂想曲 (kuángxiǎngqǔ)
- 猜想 (cāixiǎng)
- 獃想／呆想
- 玄想
- 理想 (lǐxiǎng)
- 理想主義／理想主义 (lǐxiǎng zhǔyì)
- 理想化 (lǐxiǎnghuà)
- 理想國／理想国
- 異想天開／异想天开 (yìxiǎngtiānkāi)
- 痴心妄想 (chīxīnwàngxiǎng)
- 痴想 (chīxiǎng)
- 白想想
- 眠思夢想／眠思梦想
- 瞎想
- 瞑想 (míngxiǎng)
- 神仙思想
- 空想 (kōngxiǎng)
- 突發奇想／突发奇想 (tūfāqíxiǎng)
- 緬想／缅想 (miǎnxiǎng)
- 老莊思想／老庄思想
- 聯想／联想 (liánxiǎng)
- 聯想力／联想力
- 胡思亂想／胡思乱想 (húsīluànxiǎng)
- 胡想
- 臆想幣／臆想币
- 苦思惡想／苦思恶想
- 茶思飯想／茶思饭想
- 著想／着想
- 行思坐想
- 觀想念佛／观想念佛
- 設想／设想 (shèxiǎng)
- 試想／试想 (shìxiǎng)
- 貪心妄想／贪心妄想
- 退一步想
- 追想 (zhuīxiǎng)
- 逸想
- 遐想 (xiáxiǎng)
- 難以想像／难以想像
- 非非想 (fēifēixiǎng)
- 預想／预想 (yùxiǎng)
- 默想 (mòxiǎng)
Descendants
Further reading
- “Entry #9451”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “想”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 518.
Kanji
想
Readings
Hanja
Han character
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