冥想

Chinese

		dark; deep	to think; to believe; to suppose to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss
simp. and trad. (冥想)		冥	想
alternative forms		瞑想

Pronunciation

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edit edit 冥想 鳴響 / 鸣响

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): míngxiǎng

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁵ soeng² / ming⁴ soeng²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bêng-sióng / bêng-siáng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: míngxiǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: míngsiǎng
    • Wade–Giles: ming²-hsiang³
    • Yale: míng-syǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingsheang
    • Palladius: минсян (minsjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • Homophones:
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ming⁵ soeng² / ming⁴ soeng²
    • Yale: míhng séung / mìhng séung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁵ soeng² / ming⁴ soeng²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ming⁵ sêng² / ming⁴ sêng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ¹³ sœːŋ³⁵/, /mɪŋ²¹ sœːŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-sióng
    • Tâi-lô: bîng-sióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bengsiorng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-siáng
    • Tâi-lô: bîng-siáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bengsiarng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³⁻²² siaŋ⁵³/

Verb

冥想

1. to be lost in thought; to be in deep thought; to be in a reverie

   合目冥想  ―  hémù míngxiǎng  ―  to close one's eyes and daydream

   沉入了冥想  ―  chén rù le míngxiǎng  ―  to be engrossed in a fantasy, in one's imagination

2. to meditate

Synonyms

• (to be lost in thought):

edit

• 冥思 (míngsī)
• 品味 (pǐnwèi)
• 尋味 / 寻味 (xúnwèi)
• 尋思 / 寻思
• 念 (niàn)
• 思 (literary, or in compounds)
• 思想 (sīxiǎng)
• 思慮 / 思虑 (sīlǜ)
• 思索 (sīsuǒ)
• 思維 / 思维 (sīwéi)
• 思考 (sīkǎo)
• 思裁 (si¹ cai²) (Sichuanese)
• 思量 (sīliáng)
• 慎思 (shènsī)
• 掂掇 (diānduo) (colloquial)
• 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
• 掂量 (diānliáng)
• 揣摩 (chuǎimó)
• 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) (figuratively)
• 沉思 (chénsī)
• 深思 (shēnsī)
• 照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
• 玩味 (wánwèi)
• 玩弄 (Classical Chinese)
• 琢磨 (zuómo)
• 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
• 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
• 苦思 (kǔsī)
• 著想 / 着想 (zhuóxiǎng)
• 計算 / 计算 (jìsuàn)
• 計較 / 计较
• 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
• 顧全 / 顾全 (gùquán)
• 顧及 / 顾及 (gùjí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
冥	想
めい Grade: S	そう Grade: 3
kan'on	goon

Alternative spelling
瞑想

 冥想 on Japanese Wikipedia

Etymology

Coined in the Meiji period.^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) めーそー [mèésóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [me̞ːso̞ː]

Noun

冥(めい)想(そう) • (meisō) ^{←めいさう (meisau)?}

1. meditation, contemplation (thinking)

Verb

冥(めい)想(そう)する • (meisō suru) ^{←めいさう (meisau)?}transitive or intransitive suru (stem 冥(めい)想(そう)し (meisō shi), past 冥(めい)想(そう)した (meisō shita))

1. to meditate, to contemplate (ruminate)

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	冥想し	めいそうし	meisō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	冥想し	めいそうし	meisō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	冥想する	めいそうする	meisō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	冥想する	めいそうする	meisō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	冥想すれ	めいそうすれ	meisō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	冥想せよ¹ 冥想しろ²	めいそうせよ¹ めいそうしろ²	meisō seyo¹ meisō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	冥想される	めいそうされる	meisō sareru
Causative	冥想させる 冥想さす	めいそうさせる めいそうさす	meisō saseru meisō sasu
Potential	冥想できる	めいそうできる	meisō dekiru
Volitional	冥想しよう	めいそうしよう	meisō shiyō
Negative	冥想しない	めいそうしない	meisō shinai
Negative continuative	冥想せず	めいそうせず	meisō sezu
Formal	冥想します	めいそうします	meisō shimasu
Perfective	冥想した	めいそうした	meisō shita
Conjunctive	冥想して	めいそうして	meisō shite
Hypothetical conditional	冥想すれば	めいそうすれば	meisō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "冥想する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

See also

• マインドフルネス (maindofurunesu)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
冥	想

Noun

冥想 • (myeongsang) (hangeul 명상)

1. hanja form^? of 명상 (“meditation”)