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思
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
思 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田心 (WP), four-corner 60330, composition ⿱田心)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10462
- Dae Jaweon: page 709, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2280, character 4
- Unihan data for U+601D
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Original form was 恖 (OC *snɯ), considered by Shuowen to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *snɯ, *snɯs): phonetic 囟 (OC *snɯns) + semantic 心 (“heart”). It may also be a ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 囟 (“fontanel”) + 心 (“heart”).
囟 started to corrupt into the unrelated 田 as early as the silk script.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): si1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): si1
- Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): so1 / ser1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sr1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sī
- Zhuyin: ㄙ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sih
- Wade–Giles: ssŭ1
- Yale: sz̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sy
- Palladius: сы (sy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сы (sɨ, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si1
- Yale: sī
- Cantonese Pinyin: si1
- Guangdong Romanization: xi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬu³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: si1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂ / sî
- Hakka Romanization System: siiˊ / xiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: si1 / xi1
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/, /si²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: siiˋ / siˋ
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵³/, /si⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note: sî - only in certain words (e.g. 相思樹).
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: si1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /sy⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seo
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬo⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬo⁵⁴⁴/
- (Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so1
- Sinological IPA (key): /θo⁵⁴⁴/
- (Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ser1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɤ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Southern Min
Note:
- su/sir - literary;
- si - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: si
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*snɯ/
Definitions
思
- (literary, or in compounds) to think; to cogitate
- 沉思 ― chénsī ― to ponder; to contemplate
- 子曰：「學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Xué ér bù sī zé wǎng, sī ér bù xué zé dài.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous."
子曰：「学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary, or in compounds) to miss; to yearn for
- (literary, or in compounds) to hope; to wish
- (literary, or in compounds) feeling; mood
- (literary, or in compounds) thought; thinking
- 文思 ― wénsī ― thread of ideas in writing
- (obsolete) to lament; to grieve for
- (obsolete) meaningless sentence-initial particle
- (obsolete) meaningless sentence-medial particle
- (obsolete) sentence-final interjectional particle
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to think):
- 冥思 (míngsī)
- 冥想 (míngxiǎng)
- 品味 (pǐnwèi)
- 尋味 / 寻味 (xúnwèi)
- 尋思 / 寻思
- 念 (niàn)
- 思想 (sīxiǎng)
- 思慮 / 思虑 (sīlǜ)
- 思索 (sīsuǒ)
- 思維 / 思维 (sīwéi)
- 思考 (sīkǎo)
- 思裁 (si1 cai2) (Sichuanese)
- 思量 (sīliáng)
- 慎思 (shènsī)
- 掂掇 (diānduo) (colloquial)
- 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
- 掂量 (diānliáng)
- 揣摩 (chuǎimó)
- 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) (figuratively)
- 沉思 (chénsī)
- 深思 (shēnsī)
- 照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
- 玩味 (wánwèi)
- 玩弄 (Classical Chinese)
- 琢磨 (zuómo)
- 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
- 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
- 苦思 (kǔsī)
- 著想 / 着想 (zhuóxiǎng)
- 計算 / 计算 (jìsuàn)
- 計較 / 计较
- 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
- 顧全 / 顾全 (gùquán)
- 顧及 / 顾及 (gùjí)
- (to miss):
- (to hope):
- 企待 (qǐdài) (literary)
- 企望 (qǐwàng)
- 企盼 (qǐpàn)
- 冀望 (jìwàng) (literary)
- 向望 (ǹg-bāng) (Hokkien)
- 夢想 / 梦想 (mèngxiǎng)
- 寄望 (jìwàng)
- 巴望 (bāwàng) (regional)
- 希冀 (xījì) (literary)
- 希望 (xīwàng)
- 幸 (xìng) (literary)
- 引領 / 引领 (yǐnlǐng) (literary)
- 想望 (xion2 von3) (Jin)
- 承望 (chéngwàng)
- 指望 (zhǐwàng)
- 期冀 (qījì) (literary)
- 期待 (qīdài)
- 期望 (qīwàng)
- 渴望 (kěwàng)
- 盼 (pàn)
- 盼望 (pànwàng)
- 願 / 愿 (yuàn)
- 願意 / 愿意 (yuànyì)
- 鵠望 / 鹄望 (húwàng) (literary)
- (feeling):
Compounds
- 上思 (Shàngsī)
- 三思
- 三思而行
- 三思臺 / 三思台
- 不三思
- 不假思索 (bùjiǎsīsuǒ)
- 不加思索 (bùjiāsīsuǒ)
- 不可思議 / 不可思议 (bùkěsīyì)
- 不思 (bùsī)
- 不思進取 / 不思进取 (bùsījìnqǔ)
- 不犯尋思 / 不犯寻思
- 中心思想 (zhōngxīn sīxiǎng)
- 九思
- 亟思
- 俯思
- 八斗陳思
- 冥思 (míngsī)
- 冥思苦想 (míngsīkǔxiǎng)
- 冥思苦索 (míngsīkǔsuǒ)
- 凝思 (níngsī)
- 前思後想 / 前思后想
- 勉思
- 動人遐思 / 动人遐思
- 勞心焦思 / 劳心焦思
- 勞身焦思 / 劳身焦思
- 匪夷所思 (fěiyísuǒsī)
- 千思萬想 / 千思万想
- 反思 (fǎnsī)
- 反覆思維 / 反覆思维
- 周情孔思
- 哀思 (āisī)
- 單思病 / 单思病
- 單相思 / 单相思 (dānxiāngsī)
- 回思
- 土思
- 夜思
- 大費神思 / 大费神思
- 好學深思 / 好学深思
- 子思
- 孝思
- 安必思危
- 寒泉之思
- 封建思想
- 專精覃思 / 专精覃思
- 尋思 / 寻思
- 導向思考 / 导向思考
- 居安思危 (jū'ānsīwēi)
- 居高思危
- 巧思 (qiǎosī)
- 左思右想 (zuǒsīyòuxiǎng)
- 席夢思 / 席梦思 (xímèngsī)
- 幽思 (yōusī)
- 引人遐思
- 得寸思尺
- 復思 / 复思
- 心思 (xīnsī)
- 忖前思後 / 忖前思后
- 忒敬思
- 思不出位
- 思凡
- 思前想後 / 思前想后 (sīqiánxiǎnghòu)
- 思前算後 / 思前算后
- 思力 (sīlì)
- 思勞 / 思劳
- 思古幽情
- 思如泉湧 / 思如泉涌
- 思如湧泉 / 思如涌泉
- 思婦 / 思妇
- 思存
- 思忖 (sīcǔn)
- 思念 (sīniàn)
- 怨思
- 思惟 (sīwéi)
- 思想 (sīxiǎng)
- 思想史 (sīxiǎngshǐ)
- 思想家 (sīxiǎngjiā)
- 思想庫 / 思想库 (sīxiǎngkù)
- 思惹情牽 / 思惹情牵
- 思想戰 / 思想战
- 思慮 / 思虑 (sīlǜ)
- 思慕 (sīmù)
- 思戀 / 思恋 (sīliàn)
- 思文
- 思春 (sīchūn)
- 怪沒意思 / 怪没意思
- 思深憂遠 / 思深忧远
- 思深語近 / 思深语近
- 思渴
- 思潮 (sīcháo)
- 思無邪 / 思无邪
- 思省
- 思索 (sīsuǒ)
- 思維 / 思维 (sīwéi)
- 思緒 / 思绪 (sīxù)
- 思考 (sīkǎo)
- 思致
- 思舊 / 思旧
- 思若湧泉 / 思若涌泉
- 思謀 / 思谋 (sīmóu)
- 思議 / 思议 (sīyì)
- 思賢如渴 / 思贤如渴
- 思路 (sīlù)
- 思辨 (sībiàn)
- 思辯 / 思辩 (sībiàn)
- 思過 / 思过 (sīguò)
- 思過半 / 思过半
- 思鄉 / 思乡 (sīxiāng)
- 思鄉病 / 思乡病
- 思量 (sīliáng)
- 思高本 (sīgāoběn)
- 思鱸 / 思鲈
- 思齊 / 思齐
- 悠思
- 情思 (qíngsī)
- 悲思
- 愁思 (chóusī)
- 意思主義 / 意思主义
- 意思能力
- 意思表示 (yìsi biǎoshì)
- 意意思思
- 慎思 (shènsī)
- 慎思明辨
- 慧心巧思
- 慧思
- 憂思 / 忧思 (yōusī)
- 憂深思遠 / 忧深思远
- 懷新思舊 / 怀新思旧
- 成吉思汗 (Chéngjísīhán)
- 戰略思想 / 战略思想
- 所思
- 才思 (cáisī)
- 才思敏捷 (cáisīmǐnjié)
- 挖空心思 (wākōngxīnsī)
- 搆思 / 构思 (gòusī)
- 敬思
- 文思 (wénsī)
- 文思泉湧 / 文思泉涌
- 旅思
- 春思
- 暮想朝思
- 有所思
- 朝思夕想
- 朝思夕計 / 朝思夕计
- 朝思暮想 (zhāosīmùxiǎng)
- 李思訓碑 / 李思训碑
- 構思 / 构思 (gòusī)
- 樂不思蜀 / 乐不思蜀 (lèbùsīshǔ)
- 止渴思梅
- 正思惟
- 殫思極慮 / 殚思极虑
- 殫精極思 / 殚精极思
- 殫精畢思 / 殚精毕思
- 毫不思量
- 沒三思 / 没三思
- 沉思 (chénsī)
- 深思 (shēnsī)
- 淵思寂慮 / 渊思寂虑
- 深思極慮 / 深思极虑
- 深思熟慮 / 深思熟虑 (shēnsīshúlǜ)
- 深思遠慮 / 深思远虑
- 渭陽之思 / 渭阳之思
- 澄思寂慮 / 澄思寂虑
- 潛神默思 / 潜神默思
- 火不思 (huǒbùsī)
- 焦心勞思 / 焦心劳思
- 無思無慮 / 无思无虑
- 無慮無思 / 无虑无思
- 熟思 (shúsī)
- 熟讀精思 / 熟读精思
- 用盡心思 / 用尽心思
- 病相思 (bìngxiāngsī)
- 痛定思痛 (tòngdìngsītòng)
- 白費心思 / 白费心思 (báifèixīnsī)
- 百思不解 (bǎisībùjiě)
- 百思莫解
- 目盼心思
- 省思 (xǐngsī)
- 相思 (xiāngsī)
- 相思債 / 相思债
- 相思卦
- 相思套
- 相思子
- 相思木
- 相思樹 / 相思树 (xiāngsīshù)
- 相思病 (xiāngsībìng)
- 相思草
- 相思豆
- 相思鳥 / 相思鸟
- 眠思夢想 / 眠思梦想
- 睹物思人 (dǔwùsīrén)
- 研精苦思
- 研精覃思
- 神仙思想
- 神思 (shénsī)
- 神思恍惚
- 秋思
- 穆思林
- 空勞神思 / 空劳神思
- 窮則思變 / 穷则思变
- 竭盡心思 / 竭尽心思
- 綺思 / 绮思 (qǐsī)
- 縈思 / 萦思
- 繆思女神 / 缪思女神
- 翹思 / 翘思
- 老莊思想 / 老庄思想
- 耄思
- 耽思
- 肚裡尋思 / 肚里寻思
- 胡思
- 胡思亂想 / 胡思乱想 (húsīluànxiǎng)
- 胡思亂量 / 胡思乱量
- 胠沙思水
- 腸枯思竭 / 肠枯思竭
- 致思
- 色思溫 / 色思温
- 花心思
- 苦思 (kǔsī)
- 苦思惡想 / 苦思恶想
- 茶思飯想 / 茶思饭想
- 茶飯不思 / 茶饭不思
- 藻思
- 處安思危 / 处安思危 (chǔ'ānsīwēi)
- 行思
- 行思坐想
- 行思坐憶 / 行思坐忆
- 行成於思 / 行成于思
- 行無越思 / 行无越思
- 覃思 (tánsī)
- 見利思義 / 见利思义
- 見德思齊 / 见德思齐
- 見異思遷 / 见异思迁 (jiànyìsīqiān)
- 見賢思齊 / 见贤思齐 (jiànxiánsīqí)
- 見鞍思馬 / 见鞍思马
- 費思量 / 费思量
- 近思錄 / 近思录
- 逆向思考
- 迷思 (mísī)
- 追思 (zhuīsī)
- 退思補過 / 退思补过
- 運思 / 运思 (yùnsī)
- 遐思 (xiásī)
- 遠慮深思 / 远虑深思
- 遷思迴慮 / 迁思回虑
- 遺風餘思 / 遗风余思
- 鄉思 / 乡思 (xiāngsī)
- 長思 / 长思
- 長相思 / 长相思
- 閉目沉思 / 闭目沉思
- 閉門思過 / 闭门思过 (bìménsīguò)
- 閉閣思過 / 闭阁思过
- 陳思王 / 陈思王
- 集思廣益 / 集思广益 (jísīguǎngyì)
- 霜露之思
- 靜極思動 / 静极思动
- 面壁思過 / 面壁思过 (miànbìsīguò)
- 顧名思義 / 顾名思义 (gùmíngsīyì)
- 顧思 / 顾思
- 風情月思 / 风情月思
- 風木之思 / 风木之思
- 飲水思源 / 饮水思源 (yǐnshuǐsīyuán)
- 首丘之思
- 體大思精 / 体大思精
- 默思
- 鼠思
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): si3 / si1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳ
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): so4 / ser4
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sī
- Zhuyin: ㄙ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sih
- Wade–Giles: ssŭ1
- Yale: sz̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sy
- Palladius: сы (sy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sì
- Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sìh
- Wade–Giles: ssŭ4
- Yale: sz̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
- Palladius: сы (sy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si3 / si1
- Yale: si / sī
- Cantonese Pinyin: si3 / si1
- Guangdong Romanization: xi3 / xi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː³³/, /siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
- Hakka Romanization System: sii
- Hagfa Pinyim: si4
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: siiˇ
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /søy²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seo̍
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬo⁴²/
- (Youyang)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so4
- Sinological IPA (key): /θo⁴²/
- (Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ser4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɤ⁴²/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
- Tâi-lô: sù
- Phofsit Daibuun: sux
- IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /su²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
- Tâi-lô: sìr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
- Tâi-lô: sì
- Phofsit Daibuun: six
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /si⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: se1 / se3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ / sṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɯ³³/, /sɯ²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: siH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*snɯs/
Definitions
思
Compounds
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sāi
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sai
- Wade–Giles: sai1
- Yale: sāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sai
- Palladius: сай (saj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /saɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: soi1
- Yale: sōi
- Cantonese Pinyin: soi1
- Guangdong Romanization: soi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
思
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 䰄 (“heavily bearded”)
Compounds
- 于思
- 䯱思
References
- “思”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “思 (意～)”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 164.
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Japanese
Kanji
思
Readings
Compounds
Korean
Vietnamese
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