阿士匹靈在體內分解為水楊酸,而水楊酸本身則有抗炎、退燒、鎮痛等作用。2012年發現水楊酸還能激活AMP活化蛋白激酶(英語:AMP-activated protein kinase),這是水楊酸和阿士匹靈藥效的一種可能的解釋。[143][144]阿士匹靈分子中的乙酰基也並非沒有作用。細胞蛋白的乙酰化是其轉譯後修飾中被廣泛研究的現象。阿士匹靈能使包括COX同工酶在內的幾種蛋白質乙酰化。這些乙酰化反應可能可以闡釋一些阿士匹靈尚未得到解釋的效應[145][146]。
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