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維基媒體列表條目 来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
標準電極電勢可以用來計算化學電池或原電池的電化學勢或電極電勢。
標準電極電位是以標準氫原子作為參比電極,即氫的標準電極電位值定為0,與氫標準電極比較,電位較高者為正,電位較低者為負。
表中電極電勢以以下條件測得((s):固體;(l):液體;(g):氣體;(aq):水溶液;(Hg):汞齊):
單擊頂欄箭咀可將數據按元素符號、反應物、產物或標準電極電勢值排序。
元素 | 氧化劑 | 半反應 | 還原劑 | E°(V)[註 1] | 來源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
鋇 | Ba+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Ba(s) | −4.38 | [10][11][12] |
鍶 | Sr+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Sr(s) | −4.10 | [13][10][11][14] |
鈣 | Ca+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Ca(s) | −3.8 | [13][10][11][14] |
釷 | Th⁴⁺+e⁻ | ⇌ | Th³⁺ | −3.6 | [15] |
鐠 | Pr³⁺+e⁻ | ⇌ | Pr²⁺ | −3.1 | [13] |
氮 | 3N 2(g)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2HN 3(aq) |
−3.09 | [16] |
鋰 | Li+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Li(s) | −3.0401 | [17] |
氮 | N 2(g)+4H₂O+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2NH 2OH(aq)+2OH⁻ |
−3.04 | [16] |
銫 | Cs+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Cs(s) | −3.026 | [17] |
鈣 | Ca(OH) 2(s)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ca(s)+2OH⁻ | −3.02 | [13] |
鉺 | Er3+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Er2+ |
−3.0 | [13] |
鋇 | Ba(OH) 2(s)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ba(s)+2OH⁻ | −2.99 | [13] |
銣 | Rb+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Rb(s) | −2.98 | [18] |
鉀 | K+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | K(s) | −2.92 | [17] |
鎂 | Mg+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Mg(s) | −2.93 | [12] |
鋇 | Ba2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ba(s) | −2.912 | [17] |
鑭 | La(OH) 3(s)+3e⁻ |
⇌ | La(s)+3OH⁻ | −2.90 | [17] |
鈁 | Fr+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Fr(s) | −2.9 | [13] |
鍶 | Sr2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Sr(s) | −2.899 | [17] |
鍶 | Sr(OH) 2(s)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Sr(s)+2OH⁻ | −2.88 | [13] |
鈣 | Ca2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ca(s) | −2.868 | [17] |
銨 | NH+ 4+e⁻ |
⇌ | NH 4• |
−2.85 | |
銪 | Eu2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Eu(s) | −2.812 | [17] |
鐳 | Ra2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ra(s) | −2.8 | [17] |
鐿 | Yb2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Yb(s) | −2.76 | [13][10] |
鈉 | Na+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Na(s) | −2.71 | [17][19] |
釤 | Sm2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Sm(s) | −2.68 | [13][10] |
鍩 | No2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | No(s) | −2.50 | [13] |
鉿 | HfO(OH) 2(s)+H₂O+4e⁻ |
⇌ | Hf(s)+4OH⁻ | −2.50 | [13] |
釷 | Th(OH) 4(s)+4e⁻ |
⇌ | Th(s)+4OH⁻ | −2.48 | [13] |
鍆 | Md2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Md(s) | −2.40 | [13] |
鑭 | La3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | La(s) | −2.379 | [17] |
釔 | Y3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Y(s) | −2.372 | [17] |
鎂 | Mg2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Mg(s) | −2.372 | [17] |
鋯 | ZrO(OH) 2(s)+H₂O+4e⁻ |
⇌ | Zr(s)+4OH⁻ | −2.36 | [17] |
鐠 | Pr3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Pr(s) | −2.353 | [13] |
鈰 | Ce3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Ce(s) | −2.336 | [13] |
鉺 | Er3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Er(s) | −2.331 | [13] |
鈥 | Ho3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Ho(s) | −2.33 | [13] |
鋁 | Al(OH)− 4+3e⁻ |
⇌ | Al(s)+4OH⁻ | −2.33 | |
鋁 | Al(OH) 3(s)+3e⁻ |
⇌ | Al(s)+3OH⁻ | −2.31 | |
鋱 | Tb3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Tb(s) | −2.28 | |
氫 | H 2(g)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2H− |
−2.25 | |
錒 | Ac3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Ac(s) | −2.20 | |
鈹 | Be+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Be(s) | −2.12 | [12] |
鉲 | Cf2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Cf(s) | −2.12 | [13] |
鋂 | Am3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Am(s) | −2.048 | [13] |
鉲 | Cf3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Cf(s) | −1.94 | [13] |
鈣 | Ca2+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Ca+ |
−1.936 | [17][13] |
鋂 | Am2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Am(s) | −1.9 | [13] |
鐨 | Fm3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Fm(s) | −1.89 | [13] |
鈹 | Be2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Be(s) | −1.85 | |
鑪 | Rf4+ +4e⁻ |
⇌ | Rf(s) | −1.67 | [20] |
鈾 | U3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | U(s) | −1.66 | [21] |
鋁 | Al3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Al(s) | −1.66 | [19] |
鈦 | Ti2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ti(s) | −1.63 | [19] |
鉳 | Bk2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Bk(s) | −1.6 | [13] |
鋯 | ZrO 2(s)+4H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | Zr(s)+2H₂O | −1.553 | [17] |
鉿 | Hf4+ +4e⁻ |
⇌ | Hf(s) | −1.55 | [13] |
鋯 | Zr4+ +4e⁻ |
⇌ | Zr(s) | −1.45 | [17] |
鈦 | Ti3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Ti(s) | −1.37 | [22] |
鈦 | TiO(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | Ti(s)+H₂O | −1.31 | |
鈦 | Ti 2O 3(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2TiO(s)+H₂O | −1.23 | |
鋅 | Zn(OH)2− 4+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Zn(s)+4OH⁻ | −1.199 | [23] |
錳 | Mn2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Mn(s) | −1.185 | [23] |
鐵 | Fe(CN)4− 6+6H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Fe(s)+6HCN(aq) | −1.16 | [24] |
釩 | V2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | V(s) | −1.175 | [25] |
碲 | Te(s)+2e⁻ | ⇌ | Te²⁻ | −1.143 | [25] |
鈮 | Nb3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Nb(s) | −1.099 | |
錫 | Sn(s)+4H⁺+4e⁻ | ⇌ | SnH 4(g) |
−1.07 | |
銦 | In(OH) 3(s)+3e⁻ |
⇌ | In(s)+3OH⁻ | −0.99 | [13] |
矽 | SiO 2(s)+4H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | Si(s)+2H₂O | −0.91 | |
硼 | B(OH) 3(aq)+3H⁺+3e⁻ |
⇌ | B(s)+3H₂O | −0.89 | |
鐵 | Fe(OH) 2(s)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Fe(s)+2OH⁻ | −0.89 | [24] |
鐵 | Fe₂O₃(s)+3H₂O+2e⁻ | ⇌ | 2Fe(OH) 2(s)+2OH⁻ |
−0.86 | [24] |
鈦 | TiO2+ +2H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | Ti(s)+H₂O | −0.86 | |
氫 | 2H₂O+2e⁻ | ⇌ | H 2(g)+2OH⁻ |
−0.8277 | [17] |
鉍 | Bi(s)+3H⁺+3e⁻ | ⇌ | BiH 3 |
−0.8 | [23] |
鋅 | Zn2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Zn(Hg) | −0.7628 | [17] |
鋅 | Zn2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Zn(s) | −0.7618 | [17] |
鉭 | Ta 2O 5(s)+10H⁺+10e⁻ |
⇌ | 2Ta(s)+5H₂O | −0.75 | |
鉻 | Cr3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Cr(s) | −0.74 | |
金 | [Au(CN)− 2]+e⁻ |
⇌ | Au(s)+2CN− |
−0.60 | |
鉭 | Ta3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Ta(s) | −0.6 | |
鉛 | PbO(s)+H₂O+2e⁻ | ⇌ | Pb(s)+2OH⁻ | −0.58 | |
鈦 | 2TiO 2(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ti 2O 3(s)+H₂O |
−0.56 | |
鎵 | Ga3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Ga(s) | −0.53 | |
鈾 | U4+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | U3+ |
−0.52 | [21] |
磷 | H 3PO 2(aq)+H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | P(白)[26]+2H₂O | −0.508 | [17] |
磷 | H 3PO 3(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | H 3PO 2(aq)+H₂O |
−0.499 | [17] |
磷 | H 3PO 3(aq)+3H⁺+3e⁻ |
⇌ | P(紅)[26]+3H₂O | −0.454 | [17] |
鐵 | Fe2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Fe(s) | −0.44 | [19] |
碳 | 2CO 2(g)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | (HO₂C)₂(aq) | −0.43 | |
鉻 | Cr3+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Cr2+ |
−0.42 | |
鎘 | Cd2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Cd(s) | −0.40 | [19] |
硒 | SeO2− 3+4e⁻+3H₂O |
⇌ | Se+6OH⁻ | −0.37 | [27] |
鍺 | GeO 2(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | GeO(s)+H₂O | −0.37 | |
銅 | Cu 2O(s)+H₂O+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2Cu(s)+2OH⁻ | −0.360 | [17] |
鉛 | PbSO 4(s)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Pb(s)+SO2− 4 |
−0.3588 | [17] |
鉛 | PbSO 4(s)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Pb(Hg)+SO2− 4 |
−0.3505 | [17] |
銪 | Eu3+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Eu2+ |
−0.35 | [21] |
銦 | In3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | In(s) | −0.34 | [25] |
鉈 | Tl+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Tl(s) | −0.34 | [25] |
硼 | B3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | B(s) | −0.31 | |
鍺 | Ge(s)+4H⁺+4e⁻ | ⇌ | GeH 4(g) |
−0.29 | |
鈷 | Co2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Co(s) | −0.28 | [17] |
磷 | H 3PO 4(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | H 3PO 3(aq)+H₂O |
−0.276 | [17] |
釩 | V3+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | V2+ |
−0.26 | [19] |
鎳 | Ni2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ni(s) | −0.25 | |
砷 | As(s)+3H⁺+3e⁻ | ⇌ | AsH 3(g) |
−0.23 | [25] |
銀 | AgI(s)+e⁻ | ⇌ | Ag(s)+I− |
−0.15224 | [23] |
鉬 | MoO 2(s)+4H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | Mo(s)+2H₂O | −0.15 | |
矽 | Si(s)+4H⁺+4e⁻ | ⇌ | SiH 4(g) |
−0.14 | |
錫 | Sn2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Sn(s) | −0.13 | |
氧 | O 2(g)+H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | HO 2•(aq) |
−0.13 | |
鉛 | Pb2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Pb(s) | −0.13 | [19] |
鎢 | WO 2(s)+4H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | W(s)+2H₂O | −0.12 | |
磷 | P(紅)+3H⁺+3e⁻ | ⇌ | PH 3(g) |
−0.111 | [17] |
碳 | CO 2(g)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | HCOOH(aq) | −0.11 | |
硒 | Se(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | H 2Se(g) |
−0.11 | |
碳 | CO 2(g)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | CO(g)+H₂O | −0.11 | |
錫 | SnO(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | Sn(s)+H₂O | −0.10 | |
錫 | SnO 2(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | SnO(s)+H₂O | −0.09 | |
鎢 | WO 3(aq)+6H⁺+6e⁻ |
⇌ | W(s)+3H₂O | −0.09 | [25] |
磷 | P(白)+3H⁺+3e⁻ | ⇌ | PH 3(g) |
−0.063 | [17] |
氘 | 2D+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | D 2(g) |
−0.044 | |
鐵 | Fe3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Fe(s) | −0.04 | [24] |
碳(甲酸) | HCO₂H(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | HCHO(aq)+H₂O | −0.03 | |
氫 | 2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | H 2(g) |
−0.00 | ≡0 |
銀 | AgBr(s)+e⁻ | ⇌ | Ag(s)+Br⁻ | +0.07133 | [23] |
硫 | S 4O2− 6+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2S 2O2− 3 |
+0.08 | |
鐵 | Fe 3O 4(s)+8H⁺+8e⁻ |
⇌ | 3Fe(s)+4H₂O | +0.085 | [28] |
氮 | N 2(g)+2H₂O+6H⁺+6e⁻ |
⇌ | 2NH 4OH(aq) |
+0.092 | |
汞 | HgO(s)+H₂O+2e⁻ | ⇌ | Hg(l)+2OH⁻ | +0.0977 | |
銅 | Cu(NH 3)2+ 4+e⁻ |
⇌ | Cu(NH 3)+ 2+2NH 3 |
+0.10 | [25] |
釕 | Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺+e⁻ | ⇌ | Ru(NH₃)₆²⁺ | +0.10 | [21] |
肼 | N 2H 4(aq)+4H₂O+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2NH+ 4+4OH⁻ |
+0.11 | [16] |
鉬 | H 2MoO 4(aq)+6H⁺+6e⁻ |
⇌ | Mo(s)+4H₂O | +0.11 | |
鍺 | Ge4+ +4e⁻ |
⇌ | Ge(s) | +0.12 | |
碳 | C(s)+4H⁺+4e⁻ | ⇌ | CH 4(g) |
+0.13 | [25] |
碳 | HCHO(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | CH 3OH(aq) |
+0.13 | |
硫 | S(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | H 2S(g) |
+0.14 | |
錫 | Sn4+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Sn2+ |
+0.15 | |
銅 | Cu2+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Cu+ |
+0.159 | [25] |
硫 | HSO− 4+3H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | SO 2(aq)+2H₂O |
+0.16 | |
鈾 | UO2+ 2+e⁻ |
⇌ | UO+ 2 |
+0.163 | [21] |
硫 | SO2− 4+4H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | SO 2(aq)+2H₂O |
+0.17 | |
鈦 | TiO2+ +2H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | Ti3++H₂O | +0.19 | |
鉍 | Bi3+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Bi+ | +0.2 | |
銻 | SbO+ +2H⁺+3e⁻ |
⇌ | Sb(s)+H₂O | +0.20 | |
碳 | CO 2(g)+4H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | C(s)+2H₂O | +0.205 | |
銀 | AgCl(s)+e⁻ | ⇌ | Ag(s)+Cl− |
+0.22233 | [23] |
砷 | H 3AsO 3(aq)+3H⁺+3e⁻ |
⇌ | As(s)+3H₂O | +0.24 | |
鍺 | GeO(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | Ge(s)+H₂O | +0.26 | |
鈾 | UO+ 2+4H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | U4+ +2H₂O |
+0.273 | [21] |
砹 | At 2+e⁻ |
⇌ | 2At− |
+0.3 | [13] |
錸 | Re3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Re(s) | +0.300 | |
鉍 | Bi3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Bi(s) | +0.32 | |
釩 | VO2+ +2H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | V3+ +H₂O |
+0.34 | |
銅 | Cu2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Cu(s) | +0.340 | [25] |
鐵氰 | [Fe(CN) 6]3− +e⁻ |
⇌ | [Fe(CN)₆]₄⁻ | +0.36 | |
鎝 | Tc2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Tc(s) | +0.40 | [13] |
氧 | O 2(g)+2H₂O+4e⁻ |
⇌ | 4OH⁻(aq) | +0.40 | [19] |
鉬 | H 2MoO 4+6H⁺+3e⁻ |
⇌ | Mo3+ +2H₂O |
+0.43 | |
釕 | Ru2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ru(s) | +0.455 | [13] |
鉍 | Bi+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Bi(s) | +0.50 | |
碳 | CH 3OH(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | CH 4(g)+H₂O |
+0.50 | |
硫 | SO 2(aq)+4H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | S(s)+2H₂O | +0.50 | |
銅 | Cu+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Cu(s) | +0.520 | [25] |
碳 | CO(g)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | C(s)+H₂O | +0.52 | |
碘 | I− 3+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 3I− |
+0.53 | [19] |
碘 | I 2(s)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2I− |
+0.54 | [19] |
金 | [AuI− 4]+3e⁻ |
⇌ | Au(s)+4I− |
+0.56 | |
砷 | H 3AsO 4(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | H 3AsO 3(aq)+H₂O |
+0.56 | |
金 | [AuI 2]− +e⁻ |
⇌ | Au(s)+2I− |
+0.58 | |
錳 | MnO− 4+2H₂O+3e⁻ |
⇌ | MnO 2(s)+4OH⁻ |
+0.59 | |
銠 | Rh+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Rh(s) | +0.600 | [13] |
硫 | S 2O2− 3+6H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | 2S(s)+3H₂O | +0.60 | |
鐵(二茂鐵) | Fe(C 5H 5) 2+e⁻ |
⇌ | Fe(C 5H 5) 2(s) |
+0.641 | [29] |
銀 | CH₃CO₂Ag+e⁻ | ⇌ | Ag+CH₃CO₂⁻ | +0.643 | [13] |
鉬 | H 2MoO 4(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | MoO 2(s)+2H₂O |
+0.65 | |
苯醌 | +2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | +0.6992 | [23] | |
氧 | O 2(g)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | H 2O 2(aq) |
+0.70 | |
鉈 | Tl3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Tl(s) | +0.72 | |
鉑氯 | PtCl2− 6+2e⁻ |
⇌ | PtCl2− 4+2Cl− |
+0.726 | [21] |
硒 | H 2SeO 3(aq)+4H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | Se(s)+3H₂O | +0.74 | |
銠 | Rh3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Rh(s) | +0.758 | [13] |
鉑 | PtCl2− 4+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Pt(s)+4Cl− |
+0.758 | [21] |
鐵 | Fe3+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Fe2+ |
+0.77 | |
銀 | Ag+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Ag(s) | +0.7996 | [17] |
汞 | Hg2+ 2+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2Hg(l) | +0.80 | |
氮(硝) | NO− 3(aq)+2H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | NO 2(g)+H₂O |
+0.80 | |
鐵 | FeO2− 4+5H₂O+6e⁻ |
⇌ | Fe 2O 3(s)+10OH⁻ |
+0.81 | [24] |
金 | [AuBr 4]− +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Au(s)+4Br− |
+0.85 | |
汞 | Hg2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Hg(l) | +0.85 | |
錳 | MnO− 4+H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | HMnO− 4 |
+0.90 | |
汞 | 2Hg2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Hg2+ 2 |
+0.91 | [25] |
鈀 | Pd2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Pd(s) | +0.915 | [21] |
金 | [AuCl 4]− +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Au(s)+4Cl− |
+0.93 | |
錳 | MnO 2(s)+4H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | Mn3+ +2H₂O |
+0.95 | |
金 | [AuBr 2]− +e⁻ |
⇌ | Au(s)+2Br− |
+0.96 | |
氙 | [HXeO 6]3− +2H₂O+2e⁻ |
⇌ | [HXeO 4]− +4OH⁻ |
+0.99 | [30] |
氮(硝) | HNO 2+H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | NO(g)+H₂O | +0.996 | |
碲 | H 6TeO 6(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | TeO 2(s)+4H₂O |
+1.02 | [31] |
溴 | Br 2(l)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2Br− |
+1.065 | |
溴 | Br 2(aq)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2Br− |
+1.087 | [19] |
氮(硝) | NO 2(g)+H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | HNO 2 |
+1.093 | |
碘 | IO− 3+5H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | HIO(aq)+2H₂O | +1.13 | |
[AuCl− 2]+e⁻ |
⇌ | Au(s)+2Cl− |
+1.15 | ||
硒 | HSeO− 4+3H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | H 2SeO 3(aq)+H₂O |
+1.15 | |
銥 | Ir3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Ir(s) | +1.156 | [13] |
銀 | Ag 2O(s)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2Ag(s)+H₂O | +1.17 | |
氯 | ClO− 3+2H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | ClO 2(g)+H₂O |
+1.18 | |
氙 | [HXeO 6]3− +5H₂O+8e⁻ |
⇌ | Xe(g)+11OH⁻ | +1.18 | [30] |
鉑 | Pt2+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Pt(s) | +1.188 | [21] |
氯 | ClO 2(g)+H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | HClO 2(aq) |
+1.19 | |
碘 | 2IO− 3+12H⁺+10e⁻ |
⇌ | I 2(s)+6H₂O |
+1.20 | |
氯 | ClO− 4+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | ClO− 3+H₂O |
+1.20 | |
氧 | O 2(g)+4H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | 2H₂O | +1.229 | [19] |
錳 | MnO 2(s)+4H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Mn2+ +2H₂O |
+1.23 | |
氙 | [HXeO 4]− +3H₂O+6e⁻ |
⇌ | Xe(g)+7OH⁻ | +1.24 | [30] |
鉈 | Tl3+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Tl+ |
+1.25 | |
鉻 | Cr 2O2− 7+14H⁺+6e⁻ |
⇌ | 2Cr3+ +7H₂O |
+1.33 | |
氯 | Cl 2(g)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2Cl− |
+1.36 | [19] |
鈷 | CoO 2(s)+4H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | Co3+ +2H₂O |
+1.42 | |
2NH3OH+ +H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | N 2H+ 5+2H₂O |
+1.42 | [16] | |
碘 | 2HIO(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | I 2(s)+2H₂O |
+1.44 | |
鈰 | Ce4+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Ce3+ |
+1.44 | |
溴 | BrO− 3+5H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | HBrO(aq)+2H₂O | +1.45 | |
鉛 | β-PbO 2(s)+4H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Pb2+ +2H₂O |
+1.460 | [25] |
鉛 | α-PbO 2(s)+4H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Pb2+ +2H₂O |
+1.468 | [25] |
溴 | 2BrO− 3+12H⁺+10e⁻ |
⇌ | Br 2(l)+6H₂O |
+1.48 | |
氯 | 2ClO− 3+12H⁺+10e⁻ |
⇌ | Cl 2(g)+6H₂O |
+1.49 | |
氧(超氧) | HO 2+H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | H 2O 2 |
+1.495 | [13] |
錳 | MnO− 4+8H⁺+5e⁻ |
⇌ | Mn2+ +4H₂O |
+1.51 | |
HO 2•+H⁺+e⁻ |
⇌ | H 2O 2(aq) |
+1.51 | ||
金 | Au3+ +3e⁻ |
⇌ | Au(s) | +1.52 | |
鎳 | NiO 2(s)+4H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Ni2+ +2OH⁻ |
+1.59 | |
氯 | HClO(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ | ⇌ | Cl 2(g)+2H₂O |
+1.63 | |
銀 | Ag 2O 3(s)+6H⁺+4e⁻ |
⇌ | 2Ag+ +3H₂O |
+1.67 | |
氯 | HClO 2(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | HClO(aq)+H₂O | +1.67 | |
鉛 | Pb4+ +2e⁻ |
⇌ | Pb2+ |
+1.69 | [25] |
錳 | MnO− 4+4H⁺+3e⁻ |
⇌ | MnO 2(s)+2H₂O |
+1.70 | |
銀 | AgO(s)+2H⁺+e⁻ | ⇌ | Ag+ +H₂O |
+1.77 | |
氧(過氧) | H 2O 2(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2H₂O | +1.776 | |
鈷 | Co3+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Co2+ |
+1.82 | |
金 | Au+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Au(s) | +1.83 | [25] |
溴 | BrO− 4+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | BrO− 3+H₂O |
+1.85 | |
銀 | Ag2+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Ag+ |
+1.98 | [25] |
氧(過氧) | S 2O2− 8+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2SO2− 4 |
+2.07 | |
氧 | O 3(g)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | O 2(g)+H₂O |
+2.075 | [21] |
錳 | HMnO− 4+3H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | MnO 2(s)+2H₂O |
+2.09 | |
氙 | XeO 3(aq)+6H⁺+6e⁻ |
⇌ | Xe(g)+3H₂O | +2.12 | [30] |
氧(氟氧) | OF₂+2H⁺+4e⁻ | ⇌ | 2F− +H₂O |
+2.153 | [13] |
氙 | H 4XeO 6(aq)+8H⁺+8e⁻ |
⇌ | Xe(g)+6H₂O | +2.18 | [30] |
鐵 | FeO2− 4+8H⁺+3e⁻ |
⇌ | Fe3+ +4H₂O |
+2.20 | [32] |
氙 | XeF 2(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | Xe(g)+2HF(aq) | +2.32 | [30] |
氙 | H 4XeO 6(aq)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | XeO 3(aq)+H₂O |
+2.42 | [30] |
氟 | F 2(g)+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2F− | +2.87 | [25][19] |
氟 | F 2(g)+2H⁺+2e⁻ |
⇌ | 2HF(aq) | +3.05 | [25] |
鋱 | Tb4+ +e⁻ |
⇌ | Tb3+ |
+3.05 | [13] |
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