Jiha ce a Najeriya From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Akwa Ibom jiha ce a kudu maso kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar Cross River daga gabas, daga yamma da Jihar Rivers da Abiya, Sannan daga kudu da Tekun Atalanta. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin Qua Iboe River wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.[1] An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekara ta 1987, tare da babban birninta a Uyo da kananan hukumomi 31.
 Akwa Ibom | |||||
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| Wuri | |||||
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| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Najeriya | ||||
| Babban birni | Uyo | ||||
| Yawan mutane | |||||
| Faɗi | 5,482,177 (2016) | ||||
| • Yawan mutane | 774.21 mazaunan/km² | ||||
| Harshen gwamnati | Turanci | ||||
| Labarin ƙasa | |||||
| Yawan fili | 7,081 km² | ||||
| Sun raba iyaka da | |||||
| Bayanan tarihi | |||||
| Ƙirƙira | 23 Satumba 1987 | ||||
| Tsarin Siyasa | |||||
| Majalisar zartarwa |
Akwa Ibom Executive Council (en)  | ||||
| Gangar majalisa |
Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly (en) | ||||
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa | |||||
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | |||||
| Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho | +234 | ||||
| Lamba ta ISO 3166-2 | NG-AK | ||||
| Wasu abun | |||||
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| Yanar gizo | akwaibomstate.gov.ng | ||||
A cikin jihohi guda 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom ita ce ta 30, a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a tana mutum miliyan 5.5, million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.[2] Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan Cross–Niger transition forests a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan Imo da Cross River wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin Kwa Ibo River ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny.
yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081, da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari hudu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (kidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce Uyo. Udom Gabriel Emmanuel shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015, har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne Moses Ekpo. Dattiban jihar su ne: Bassey Akpan, Godswill Akpabio da Nelson Effiong. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira Stubb Creek Forest Reserve, inda kuma akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.[3][4][5][6] A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na cetacean species kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale.
Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen Ibibio, Anaang, da Oron na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman Masarutar Ibom da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a shekara ta 1884, karkashin yankin Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate.[7] Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate) acikin Yankin Southern Nigeria Protectorate inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.[8]
Bayan samun 'yanci a shekarata 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin Yankin Gabashin Najeriya, har zuwa shekarar alif ta 1967, lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar Yankin Gabashin Najeriya tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa Jamhoriyar Biyafara; wanda hakan ya jawo Yakin basasar Najeriya na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.[9] Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa shekarar alif ta 1976, lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar Cross River. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.[10]
Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.[11] Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17, a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.[12][13][14]
Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23, ga watan Satumban, shekara ta 1987.[15] Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a shekara 1904, ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan Annang, Oron, Efik, Ibonos da Ibibio sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.[16]
Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarata 1848, da kuma Ibono a shekara ta 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a Ikot Ekpene, wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio.
Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a shekara ta 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.[17] Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da Andoni, ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya.
A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a shekara ta 1987, an zabi Uyo a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.[18]
Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: Ibibio, Annang da Oron. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun My shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin watan Mayu 29, ga wata shekara ta 2007, zuwa Mayu 28, ga wata shekara ta 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.[19]
A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;[20]
Jihar Akwa Ibom nada Kananan Hukumomi (31). Sune:
Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo.
Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne.
Kamar dai mutanen Efik makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na Harsunan Ibibio-Efik wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan Benue–Congo wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo.
Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.[21]
| Language | LGA(s) spoken in |
|---|---|
| Anaang | Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |
| Obolo | Eastern Obolo |
| Ekid | Eket, Esit Eket |
| Etebi | Esit Eket |
| Ibibio | Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |
| Ibuno | Ibeno |
| Ika Oku | Ika |
| Nkari | Ini |
| Itu Mbon Uso | Ini |
| Idere | Itu |
| Efik | Itu, Uruan |
| Ebughu | Mbo, Oron |
| Efai | Mbo |
| Enwan | Mbo |
| Oro | Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |
| Iko | Eastern Obolo |
| Okobo | Okobo |
| Ilue | Oron |
| Khana | Oruk-Anam |
Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar Hope Waddell Training Institute a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a shekara ta1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene.
Wasu manyan makarantun yankin sun hada da:
Sanannun mutane a yankin sun hada da:
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