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力

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: カ, 九, 丸, and ㄌ
力 U+529B, 力
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-529B
← 劚
[U+529A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 劜 →
[U+529C]
⼒ U+2F12, ⼒
KANGXI RADICAL POWER
← ⼑
[U+2F11] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼓ →
[U+2F13]
力 U+F98A, 力
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98A
← 黎
[U+F989] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 曆 →
[U+F98B]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
2 strokes
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More information Stroke order ...
Stroke order
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Han character

See images of
Radical 19 力

力 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大尸 (KS), four-corner 40027, composition ⿻𠃌丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #19, ⼒.

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𭂇, 𭒹, 𡴽, 𤜜, 𣦺, 𥘋, 𦔳, 𦘓, 𬜑, 𧖩, 𡖎, 𪵶, 𧲡, 𧴧, 𧾼, 𤟋, 𭱛, 𬂿, 𬈆, 𩵓, 𫜋, 𪋾, 𣾗, 𢣛
  • 𡯄, 𰃌, 𩖙, 𩱹, 𬩳, 𫻧, 𣂒, 𭤧, 𢆲, 𪭊, 𩫸, 𪧔, 𩾜, 𣪤, 𤼶, 𡉂, 𢖰, 𤰛, 𧴥, 𬮅, 𫝓

Descendants

See also

  • カ (Japanese katakana)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2288
  • Dae Jaweon: page 327, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 364, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+529B

Chinese

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...
simp. and trad.
 力
alternative forms 𠠲
⿻力丶
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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 力, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character 力
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Ming typeface
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
勒 *rɯːɡ
肋 *rɯːɡ
扐 *rɯːɡ
仂 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
艻 *rɯːɡ
朸 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
玏 *rɯːɡ
泐 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
阞 *rɯːɡ
竻 *rɯːɡ
力 *rɯɡ
屴 *rɯɡ
鳨 *rɯɡ
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Characters in the same phonetic series (力) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Pictogram (象形) – alternative interpretation, either an arm bending out from the side of the body, or a wooden plough. The original version was 𠠲 and the letter ㄌ in zhuyin alphabet was inspired by this character.

See also the original version of 爭, in which another plow can be seen. Unrelated to 工 and perhaps to 耒 since they are two different tools. Also unrelated to 另.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-ra (“strength; to win; classifier for people”) + *-k (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Burmese အား (a:, “strength; force”); Proto-Loloish *ra² (“strength”), whence Nuosu ꊋ (we); Panyi Bai [script needed] (ɣɯ̱⁴², “strength”); Central Bai hhep (“strength”). A causative derivative is 飭 (OC rhək) (Schuessler, 2007).

Schuessler (2007) also suggests an etymological connection with 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location 力
Mandarin Beijing /li⁵¹/
Harbin /li⁵³/
Tianjin /li⁵³/
Jinan /li²¹/
Qingdao /li⁴²/
Zhengzhou /li²⁴/
Xi'an /li²¹/
Xining /l̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /li¹³/
Lanzhou /li¹³/
Ürümqi /li²¹³/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ni³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /li³¹/
Nanjing /liʔ⁵/
Hefei /liəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /liəʔ²/
Pingyao /liʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /liəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /liɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /liəʔ³/
Hangzhou /liəʔ²/
Wenzhou /lei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /li²²/
Tunxi /li¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /li²⁴/
Xiangtan /ni²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /liʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lit̚⁵/
Taoyuan /lit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lek̚²/
Nanning /lek̚²²/
Hong Kong /lik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lik̚⁵/
/lat̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /liʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /li⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /lak̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lek̚⁵/
/lak̚³/
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More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 力
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 林直切
Baxter lik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /liek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lik̚/
Li
Rong		 /liək̚/
Wang
Li		 /lĭək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /li̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 lik6
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More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 力
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lik ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k.rək/
English strength

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 力
Reading # 1/1
No. 7854
Phonetic
component		 力
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 力
Old
Chinese		 /*rɯɡ/
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Note:
  • lì - literary;
  • sā̤ - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data

Definitions

力

  1. physical strength; physical power; energy
    她個子雖小但力大驚人。 [MSC, trad.]
    她个子虽小但力大惊人。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā gèzǐ suī xiǎo dàn lì dà jīngrén. [Pinyin]
    For a small woman she has surprising strength.
  2. force; strength; power
    汽力  ―  qìlì  ―  steam power
    藥力／药力  ―  yàolì  ―  efficacy of a drug
    力量  ―  lìliàng  ―  power
    攻擊力／攻击力  ―  gōngjīlì  ―  firepower
  3. (physics) force
    這個力的方向與位移相同。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个力的方向与位移相同。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge lì de fāngxiàng yǔ wèiyí xiāngtóng. [Pinyin]
    This force is the same direction as the displacement.
  4. ability; capability
    能力  ―  nénglì  ―  ability
    他對古董很有鑑賞力。 [MSC, trad.]
    他对古董很有鉴赏力。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā duì gǔdǒng hěn yǒu jiànshǎng lì. [Pinyin]
    He has an eye for antiques.
  5. power and influence; might
  6. (literary) to make an effort; to strive; to endeavor; to work hard
  7. with all one's might; doing all in one's power
    力爭／力争  ―  lìzhēng  ―  to work hard for
    力挽狂瀾／力挽狂澜  ―  lìwǎnkuánglán  ―  to do one's utmost to save a desperate situation
  8. a surname, Li

Synonyms

  • (physical strength):
  • (ability):
  • (function):
  • (to make an effort):

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (力):
  • → Japanese: 力(りき) (riki)
  • → Korean: 력(力) (ryeok), 역(力) (yeok)
  • → Vietnamese: lực (力)

Others:

  • → Proto-Vietic: *k-rək

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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