骨力

Chinese

Etymology 1

		bone	power; force; strength
trad. (骨力)		骨	力
simp. #(骨力)		骨	力

Pronunciation

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edit edit 古力 古麗／古丽 穀粒／谷粒 股利 骨力 鼓勵／鼓励

Rime
Character	骨	力
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	沒 (56)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古忽切	林直切
Baxter	kwot	lik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuət̚/	/lɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuot̚/	/lɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuət̚/	/liek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwət̚/	/lik̚/
Li Rong	/kuət̚/	/liək̚/
Wang Li	/kuət̚/	/lĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuət̚/	/li̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwat1	lik6

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǔlì

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat¹ lik⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kut-le̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǔlì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǔlì
    • Wade–Giles: ku³-li⁴
    • Yale: gǔ-lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guulih
    • Palladius: гули (guli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
    • Homophones:
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwat¹ lik⁶
    • Yale: gwāt lihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwat⁷ lik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gued¹ lig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐt̚⁵ lɪk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kut-le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: kut-li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kutlek
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kwot lik

Noun

骨力

1. (calligraphy) vigour of strokes
2. vigour of a piece of literary work
3. unyielding character
4. physical strength

Etymology 2

		phonetic
trad. (骨力)		骨	力
simp. #(骨力)		骨	力
alternative forms		骨立

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Manchu guli (團結)?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gúli

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˊ ˙ㄌㄧ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gúli
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˊ ˙ㄌㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gúli̊
    • Wade–Giles: ku²-li⁵
    • Yale: gú-li
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwu.li
    • Palladius: гули (guli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³⁵ li³/

Adjective

骨力

1. (dialectal Mandarin) vigorous; sturdy
2. (dialectal Mandarin) hard and level

Etymology 3

		bone	power; force; strength
trad. (骨力)		骨	力
simp. #(骨力)		骨	力
alternative forms		搰力 勤力

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kut-la̍t

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kut-la̍t
    • Tâi-lô: kut-la̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kutlat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kut̚⁵⁻²⁴ lat̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kut̚³²⁻⁵ lat̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/

Adjective

骨力

1. (Hokkien, Puxian Min) hardworking

Synonyms

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• 下力 (xiàlì) (Muping Mandarin)
• 亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
• 刻苦 (kèkǔ)
• 力落 (lag⁸ loh⁸) (Teochew)
• 努力 (nǔlì)
• 勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
• 勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
• 勤勞／勤劳 (qínláo)
• 勤奮／勤奋 (qínfèn)
• 勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
• 勤懇／勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
• 勤謹／勤谨 (Dungan)
• 堅苦／坚苦 (jiānkǔ) (hardworking and persevering)
• 巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
• 巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
• 急計／急计 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 用功 (yònggōng)
• 發狠／发狠 (fa³ hen⁶) (Xiang)
• 耐勞／耐劳 (nàiláo)

 

References

• “Entry #6829”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.