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di-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "di"

Languages (25)

Catalan • Cornish • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Finnish • French • German • Indonesian • Italian • Javanese • Kongo • Latin • Malay • Navajo • Northern Sotho • Polish • Portuguese • Sotho • Spanish • Tagalog • Tswana • Welsh • West Makian

Page categories

English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /daɪ/
Audio (Southern England): (file)

Etymology 1

More information PIE word ...

PIE word
*dwóh₁

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Borrowed from Latin di-, from Ancient Greek δι- (di-, “two”).

Prefix

More information Previous:, Next: ...

Greek number prefix
2	Previous:	mono-
2	Next:	tri-

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di-

Two.
diacetate is any salt or ester having two acetate groups, dialkene is any alkene having two double bonds, diarchy is a state under the rule of two people; the form of government of such state, diactinal is having two rays
Double, twice the quantity.
diglossia is the presence of a cleft or doubled tongue, dicatalectic is doubly catalectic, at both the middle and the end of the verse, dichoree is a double choree
A pair.
diblock is of or pertaining to two blocks together, dimeson is a bound pair of mesons, dijet is a pair of jets
Both, possessing two distinct (possibly opposing) qualities.
dikinetic is having both metakinetic and mesokinetic joints, dialetheism is the theory that statements can be both true and false at the same time and in the same sense, dianalytic is describing a function that is analytic or antianalytic with regards to both the domain and codomain

Synonyms

Synonyms: duo-, bi-, bis-

Translations

two, twice, double

Catalan: di- (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 兩 / 两 (zh) (liǎng), 二 (zh) (èr), 雙 / 双 (zh) (shuāng)
Dutch: di- (nl)
Finnish: bi-, di- (fi), kaksois- (fi), tupla-
French: di- (fr)
Galician: di- (gl)
German: di- (de), zwei- (de), doppel-
Hindi: द्वि (hi) (dvi)
Italian: di-
Japanese: 二 (ja) (じ, ji), 両 (ja) (りょう, ryō), 双 (ja) (そう, sō)
Malay: dwi- (ms)
Polish: di- (pl), dy-
Portuguese: di- (pt)
Russian: двух- (dvux-), дву- (dvu-), двое- (dvoje-), ди- (ru) (di-)
Spanish: di- (es)
Swedish: di- (sv)

See also

dwi-
twi-

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin dis-.

Prefix

di-

Alternative form of dis-: split, to split; shortened before l, m, n, r, s (followed by a consonant), and v; also often shortened before g, and sometimes before j.
divide is to split or separate (something) into two or more parts, diverge is to run apart; to separate; to tend into different directions

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δῐ- (dĭ-), from Ancient Greek δῐά (dĭá, “through”).

Prefix

di-

Alternative form of dia-: across or through, before a vowel.
diactinic is capable of transmitting the chemical or actinic rays of light, dielectric is an electrically insulating or nonconducting material considered for its electric susceptibility, ie its property of polarization when exposed to an external electric field

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with di-

diacetoxyscirpenol

diacetoxylation

diacetylverrucarol

dialkylsilylene

dianthraquinone

diapocarotenoid

diaponeurosporene

diazaanthracene

diazabicyclooctane

dibenzpentacene

dibenzodiazepine

dibenzothiophene

benzodithiophene

dibenzothiazepine

bromodifluoromethane

dibutylstannylene

dicarbonylation

dicarboxaldehyde

dicarboxylic acid

terms derived from two

terms derived from pair

terms derived from double

terms derived from both

terms derived from across

terms derived from split

See also

Thesaurus:number

References

“di-”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
“di-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Anagrams

Id, I'd, id., I-D, id, I.D., -id, ID

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

Prefix

di-

di-

Derived terms

Catalan terms prefixed with di-

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *dī- (“from, of”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Cognate with Welsh di-.

Prefix

di-

un-, non-, -less, without
‎di- + ‎hanow (“name”) → ‎dihanow (“anonymous”)

‎di- + ‎annedh (“abode”) → ‎diannedh (“homeless”)

Derived terms

Cornish terms prefixed with di-

Mutation

More information unmutated, soft ...

Mutation of *di-*
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
di-	dhi-	unchanged	ti-	ti-	ti-

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Danish

Prefix

di-

two

Derived terms

Danish terms prefixed with di-

Dutch

Etymology

From Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /di/
Audio: (file)

Prefix

di-

meaning two, twice, or double
dioxide
dioxide

dipool
diople

Esperanto

Etymology

Derived from Latin di-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [di]
Hyphenation: di

Prefix

di-

di-

Derived terms

Esperanto terms prefixed with di-

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see English di-), ultimately from Ancient Greek δι- (di-).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdi-/, [ˈdi-]

Prefix

di-

di- (double, twin)
Synonyms: bi-, kaksois-

Derived terms

Finnish terms prefixed with di-

dikarboksyylihappo

dityppimonoksidi

divetymonoksidi

compounds

French

German

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Prefix

di-

di-

Derived terms

Further reading

“di-” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay di-, from Classical Malay di-, from Late Old Malay di-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /di/
Audio: (file)

Prefix

di-

used to form passive voice or "patient focus" (in some analyses) on a verb
dimakan ― to be eaten

Usage notes

In some cases, the meaning of this suffix can become active, as long as the so-called object is animate. For example, both the sentences Rizqi membaca buku itu and Buku itu dibaca (oleh) Rizqi can have the same meaning, "Rizqi reads that book" (although the latter sentence can be also translated as "That book is read by Rizqi"). See also symmetrical voice.

Derived terms

Indonesian terms prefixed with di-

dikabung-kabung

dipanggil-panggil

dipotong-potong

dirempah-rempah

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /di/
Hyphenation: di-

Etymology 1

From Latin de- (“indicating removal or descent”).

Prefix

di-

de-

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

Prefix

di-

di-

Derived terms

Javanese

Romanization

di-

Romanization of ꦢꦶ-

Kongo

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *di-.

Prefix

di- (plural ma-)

class 5 prefix
class 5 subject prefix

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /diː/, [d̪iː]

(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /di/, [d̪i]

Prefix

dī-

Alternative form of dis-

Usage notes

Occurs before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, sc, sp, st, v, and occasionally before consonantal i.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δῐ- (dĭ-), from δίς (dís, “twice, doubly”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /di/, [d̪ɪ]

(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /di/, [d̪i]

Prefix

di-

Two, double; di-.

Derived terms

Latin terms prefixed with di-

Descendants

→ English: di-

Malay

Etymology

From Late Old Malay ni-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /di/
- (with consonant-initial stem) IPA^(key): [di-]
- (with vowel-initial stem) IPA^(key): [di.ʔ-]

Prefix

di- (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems د-, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems دأ-)

(third person) Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb.
‎di- + ‎buka (“to open”) → ‎dibuka (“to be opened”)

Pintu itu dibuka (oleh) ayah.
That door was opened by dad.

Usage notes

According to the DBP's prescriptive grammar, this prefix is to be exclusively used in the third person. In the first and second persons, patient focus sentences are formed by following the subject of a sentence with the stem form of a verb, demonstrated below with the verb telan (“swallow”):
- Third person patient focus:
  Makanan itu ditelan (oleh) dia.
  That food was swallowed by him/her.
- First/Second person patient focus:
  Makanan itu aku/kamu telan.
  That food was swallowed by me/you.
When the sentence agent appears right after the verb as in "The homework was completed by Adam in three minutes.", it can optionally be preceded by the preposition oleh, so the aforementioned sentence can be translated in the two ways shown below:
Kerja sekolah itu disiapkan Adam dalam tiga minit.

Kerja sekolah itu disiapkan oleh Adam dalam tiga minit.
That homework was completed by Adam in three minutes.
If the sentence agent does not appear right after the verb as in "The homework was completed in three minutes by Adam.", the oleh preposition is now compulsory, as in the sentence below:
Kerja sekolah itu disiapkan dalam tiga minit oleh Adam.
That homework was completed in three minutes by Adam.

Derived terms

See also

di- -kan (3rd person passive causitive or locative)
di- -i (3rd person passive causitive or benefactive)
diper- (3rd person passive causitive)
meng- (active)

Navajo

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tɪ̀-/

Etymology 1

Represents multiple homophonous thematic and aspectual prefixes of position I and VI, whose exact meaning and etymology remain mostly speculative.

Prefix

di- (position I)

fire, near or into it
- diidiłjeeh ― to make a fire

di- (position VI)

Young and Morgan (1987) identify 14 or so thematic prefixes, among others:

fire, light
- diidiłjeeh ― to make a fire
arms and legs
- dilʼéés ― to step, to place one's foot
extension, elongated shape
noise, sound, oral, food, sensory
- dilwosh ― to shout
- disééh ― to belch
- yidiitsʼį́į́h ― to hear it
color (see also dini-)
- dinilgai ― whitish
relinquishment, relief
- yą́ą́ʼdíłgééd ― to uncover it by digging
- bidizóóh ― to subtract it
sanctity
- diyin ― holy
Unclassified, often entering in the formation of other prefix compounds
- kʼiidilé ― to plant it
- yidiséí ― to crumble it
- hadii- ― from end to end
- díní- (prolongative)
- tádi- (diversative)
- bibadi- ― to exhaustion

Four modal-aspectual uses are also distinguished:

Forms a number of inceptive verbs, with a (∅/si) paradigm.
- dighááh ― to start to go
Forms a number of inchoative verbs, with prepounded dah and a transitional (yii/yii) paradigm.
- dah diighááh ― to start off, to set out, to leave
Forms the future mode of all active verbs along with the progressive yi-.
- doogááł ― he will go
- didoogááł ― he will start to go
- dah didoogááł ― he will start off
Forms a number of neuter adjectivals.
- dijool ― spherical, chubby

See also

More information singular, duoplural ...

Navajo future mode subject markers
		singular	duoplural	plural
1st person		deesh-	dii(d)-	dadii(d)-
2nd person		díí-	doo(h)-	dadoo(h)-
3rd person		doo-		dadoo-
4th person		jidoo-		dazhdoo-
impersonal		ʼadoo-		—
areal/spatial		hodoo-		—

Close

Navajo terms prefixed with di- (color)

bighádzideetłʼizh

kʼízdiníłhéél

kʼízhdeetłʼizh

yidiiłtłʼíísh

Navajo terms prefixed with di- (extension)

yidiłtsʼǫǫd

Navajo terms prefixed with di- (fire)

łeʼdilchʼííł

nahidiłhį́į́h

ńʼdíłhį́į́h

yidiłhį́į́h

yigháʼdíłdlaad

Navajo terms prefixed with di- (future)

Navajo terms prefixed with di- (holy)

Navajo terms prefixed with di- (legs)

chʼídeelnííh

dzídzadilnííh

Navajo terms prefixed with di- (oral)

Navajo terms prefixed with di- (relinquish)

yą́ą́ʼdíłgééd

Navajo terms prefixed with di- (sensory)

díkʼǫ́ǫ́zh

hadilchą́ą́ʼ

Etymology 2

Probably cognate with a prefix of similar shape occurring in other Athabascan languages a reflexive possessive pronoun.

Probably cognate with classifier d- marking passive and reflexive verbs.

Prefix

di- (position IV)

Personal prefix used in combination with the prefix of position I à-, marking the reflexive verbs. It always triggers a classifier shift (∅ → d, ł → l).
yishchʼid ― I'm scratching it

nishchʼid ― I'm scratching you

ádíshchʼid ― I'm scratching myself

ánáádíshchʼid ― I'm scratching myself again

Northern Sotho

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

di-

Class 8 noun prefix.

Polish

Alternative forms

dy-

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁

Proto-Indo-European *dwís

Ancient Greek δίς (dís)

Ancient Greek δῐ- (dĭ-)bor.

Latin di-der.

Polish di-

Derived from Latin dī-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /di/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Prefix

di-

di-
Synonyms: bi-, dwu-

‎di- + ‎chromatyczny → ‎dichromatyczny

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with di-

Further reading

di- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

Prefix

di-

di- (two, twice or double)

Derived terms

Sotho

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

di-

Class 8 noun prefix.

Spanish

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).

Prefix

di-

di-
Synonyms: bi-, duo-

Derived terms

Spanish terms prefixed with di-

dihidroxiacetona

Etymology 2

From Latin dis or Latin di.

Prefix

di-

dis-

Derived terms

Spanish terms prefixed with di-

dihidroxiacetona

Further reading

“di-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *di.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈdiʔ/ [ˈd̪iʔ]
Rhymes: -iʔ
Syllabification: di-

Prefix

dî- (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ)

non-; un-; de-

Derived terms

di-maaari
di-maabot
di-maalam
di-mabasa
di-mabata
di-makaugaga
di-makauwi
di-makaya
di-makilala
di-nabubulok
di-pagkakaunawaan
di-pangkaraniwan
diigkasin
disaluyan

Tagalog terms prefixed with di-

di-kapani-paniwala

di-makatarungan

di-pagkakasundo

di-pagkakaunawaan

di-pangkaraniwan

Related terms

'di
hindi

Tswana

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

di-

Class 8 noun prefix.

Welsh

Etymology

Proto-Celtic *dī- (“from, of”), from Proto-Indo-European *de. Cognate with Cornish di-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˌdiː/, /dɪ/

Prefix

di-

intensifying prefix
‎di- + ‎goddef → ‎dioddef

‎di- + ‎golwch → ‎diolch
without, -less, de-, a-, negative prefix
Synonyms: af-, an-, dis-

‎di- + ‎enw (“name”) → ‎dienw (“anonymous”)

‎di- + ‎paid (“pause, respite”) → ‎di-baid (“ceaseless, incessant”)

‎di- + ‎swydd (“job, office”) + ‎-o → ‎diswyddo (“dismiss, discharge, sack, make redundant”)

Usage notes

The negative prefix di- indicates a lack of something and is most often attached to a noun in a similar manner to English -less, e.g. dienw (“anonymous, nameless”), di-waith (“unemployed (“workless”)”), diobaith (“hopeless”). In contrast, af- and an- simply denote the negative form of the following root rather than the lack of it.

Derived terms

Mutation

More information radical, soft ...

Mutated forms of *di-*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
di-	ddi-	ni-	unchanged

Close

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “di-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Makian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d̪i/

Pronoun

di-

third-person plural possessive prefix, their
di oma ― their children
(polite) third-person singular possessive prefix, his, her
mene de ti deto di musala ― this is my grandmother's mat

Etymology 2

Pronoun

di-

(inanimate) alternative form of da- (“its”) when preceded by a root-initial i

See also

More information independent, possessive prefix ...

West Makian personal pronouns
		independent	possessive prefix
1st person singular		de	ti
2nd person singular		ni	ni
3rd person singular		me	mV^an., dV^inan.
1st person plural	inclusive	ene	nV
1st person plural	exclusive	imi	mi
2nd person plural		ini	fi
3rd person plural		eme	di

Close

V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
following standard West Makian vowel harmony.

References

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎, Pacific linguistics

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