泥
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
泥 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸心 (ESP), four-corner 37111, composition ⿰氵尼)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 617, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17311
- Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1595, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6CE5
- Unihan data for U+F9E3
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 泥 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
 |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *niːl, *niːls) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).
Etymology 1
Schuessler (2007) suggests it is of Sino-Tibetan origin and compares it to Lai [script needed] (nôoy-I, nǒoy-II, “be muddy”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Kuki-Chin *nooy ~ *naay (“muddy; dirty”). According to Schuessler (2007), 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”) is also cognate with 濘 (OC *neːŋs) but not with 涅 (OC *niːɡ), and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːls, “impeded”).
On the other hand, STEDT compares 泥 (OC *niːl, *niːls) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njak (“filth(y); excrement”), to which 敜 (OC *nɯːb) and 涅 (OC *niːɡ) are also compared.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyi2
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): nà̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gni
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ní
- Wade–Giles: ni2
- Yale: ní
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ni
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nai4
- Yale: nàih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nai4
- Guangdong Romanization: nei4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɐi̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdai²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nài / nì
- Hakka Romanization System: naiˇ / niˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nai2 / ni2
- Sinological IPA: /nai̯¹¹/, /ni¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: nai / ni
- Sinological IPA: /nai⁵⁵/, /ni⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note:
- nài/nai/nai2 - colloquial;
- nì/ni/ni2 - literary.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nà̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡɛ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî
- Tâi-lô: lî
- Phofsit Daibuun: lii
- IPA (Quanzhou): /li²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
- Tâi-lô: lê
- Phofsit Daibuun: lee
- IPA (Quanzhou): /le²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nê
- Tâi-lô: nê
- Phofsit Daibuun: nee
- IPA (Xiamen): /nẽ²⁴/
- nî/lî - vernacular;
- lê/nê - literary.
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: nej
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nˤ[əj]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*niːl/
Definitions
泥
- mud (Classifier: 嚿 c; 坺 c)
- (dialectal) soil; earth
- any mush-like substance
- (obsolete) paint (used on walls)
- An ancient river in modern Hunan
- An ancient river in modern Gansu
- (obsolete) weak
- (Chinese mythology) a kind of animal that lived in sea
- a surname
- (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 泥 (MC nej)
Synonyms
Compounds
- 一丸泥
- 丸泥
- 判若雲泥／判若云泥
- 削鐵如泥／削铁如泥
- 印泥 (yìnní)
- 叉灰泥
- 和稀泥 (huò xīní)
- 困處泥塗／困处泥涂
- 土泥
- 垢泥
- 壁上泥皮
- 如泥
- 封泥
- 帶水拖泥／带水拖泥
- 拖泥帶水／拖泥带水 (tuōnídàishuǐ)
- 抹稀泥
- 排泥閥／排泥阀
- 敷彩泥塑
- 曳尾泥塗／曳尾泥涂
- 木雕泥塑
- 末泥
- 棗泥／枣泥
- 水泥 (shuǐní)
- 水泥叢林／水泥丛林 (shuǐní cónglín)
- 水泥漆
- 水泥熟料
- 水泥船
- 汙泥／污泥 (wūní)
- 泥中
- 泥中刺
- 泥中隱刺／泥中隐刺
- 泥丸 (níwán)
- 泥人 (nírén)
- 泥人張／泥人张
- 泥土 (nítǔ)
- 泥地
- 泥坑 (níkēng)
- 泥坯
- 泥垢 (nígòu)
- 泥垣宮／泥垣宫
- 泥堆
- 泥塑
- 泥塗／泥涂
- 泥塘 (nítáng)
- 泥塑木雕
- 泥塞竹管
- 泥多佛大
- 泥娃娃 (níwáwa)
- 泥孩兒／泥孩儿
- 泥封
- 泥封函谷
- 泥崩
- 泥工 (nígōng)
- 泥巴
- 泥掌
- 泥板岩 (níbǎnyán)
- 泥水 (níshuǐ)
- 泥水匠 (níshuǐjiàng)
- 泥水工 (níshuǐgōng)
- 泥水自蔽
- 泥汙／泥污
- 泥沙 (níshā)
- 泥沙俱下
- 油泥 (yóuní)
- 泥沼 (nízhǎo)
- 沼泥
- 泡沫水泥
- 泥流 (níliú)
- 泥活字
- 泥淖 (nínào)
- 泥滓
- 泥漿／泥浆 (níjiāng)
- 泥潦
- 泥濘／泥泞 (nínìng)
- 泥火山 (níhuǒshān)
- 泥灰
- 泥灶
- 泥炭 (nítàn)
- 泥煤 (níméi)
- 泥牆／泥墙
- 泥版
- 泥牛
- 泥牛入海 (níniú-rùhǎi)
- 泥犁
- 泥瓦匠 (níwǎjiàng)
- 泥療／泥疗
- 泥盆紀／泥盆纪 (Nípén Jì)
- 泥石流 (níshíliú)
- 泥磚／泥砖
- 泥窗
- 泥肥
- 泥胎
- 泥胎兒／泥胎儿
- 泥腳／泥脚
- 泥腿
- 泥腿光棍
- 泥船渡河
- 泥蟠
- 泥豬／泥猪
- 泥豬瓦狗／泥猪瓦狗
- 泥足巨人
- 泥醉
- 泥金
- 泥金帖子
- 泥金箋／泥金笺
- 泥鞋窄襪／泥鞋窄袜
- 泥頭／泥头
- 泥頭酒／泥头酒
- 泥飯碗／泥饭碗
- 泥首
- 泥馬／泥马
- 泥鰍／泥鳅 (níqiū)
- 泥鰻／泥鳗
- 泥點兒／泥点儿
- 泥龍／泥龙
- 洗泥
- 淈泥
- 淤泥 (yūní)
- 澄泥硯／澄泥砚
- 火泥
- 爐石水泥／炉石水泥
- 爛泥／烂泥 (lànní)
- 爛醉如泥／烂醉如泥
- 牆上泥皮／墙上泥皮
- 砍鐵如泥／砍铁如泥
- 稀泥 (xīní)
- 紫泥
- 紫泥封
- 綠泥石／绿泥石
- 罡神泥鬼
- 膠泥／胶泥
- 臭泥
- 芋泥 (yùní)
- 蒜泥 (suànní)
- 醉如泥
- 金泥
- 鋼骨水泥／钢骨水泥
- 障泥
- 雪泥鴻爪／雪泥鸿爪
- 雲泥／云泥 (yúnní)
- 雲泥之別／云泥之别 (yúnnízhībié)
- 雲泥異路／云泥异路
- 霑泥絮／沾泥絮
- 青泥
- 黃泥塘／黄泥塘 (Huángnítáng)
Etymology 2
Schuessler (2007) suggests it is the exopassive derivation of 敜 (OC *nɯːb, “to stop up”) or 涅 (OC *niːɡ, “to stop up”) and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nì
- Wade–Giles: ni4
- Yale: nì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nai6 / nei6
- Yale: naih / neih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nai6 / nei6
- Guangdong Romanization: nei6 / néi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɐi̯²²/, /nei̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: nejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤər(ʔ)-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*niːls/
Definitions
泥
- to hold up; to bog down
- 雖小道，必有可觀者焉，致遠恐泥，是以君子不為也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Suī xiǎodào, bì yǒu kěguān zhě yān, zhì yuǎn kǒng nì, shìyǐ jūnzǐ bù wéi yě. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
虽小道，必有可观者焉，致远恐泥，是以君子不为也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to plaster; to cover with plaster
- stubborn; obstinate
- 拘泥 ― jūní ― to rigidly adhere to
- to pester using soft words
- to be obsessed with and be reluctant to let go of
Compounds
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nǐ
- Wade–Giles: ni3
- Yale: nǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nai5
- Yale: náih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nai5
- Guangdong Romanization: nei5
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɐi̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
泥
- Only used in 泥泥.
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nìng
- Wade–Giles: ning4
- Yale: nìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ninq
- Palladius: нин (nin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /niŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
泥
- Only used in 泥母.
Etymology 5
| For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 涅 (“black mud; melanterite; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 涅). |
Etymology 6
| For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 屔. (This character is a variant form of 屔). |
References
- “泥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02161
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00771-003-1
- (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) →ISBN.
- (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)
Kanji
泥
Readings
Etymology
Noun
Derived terms
- 泥沼 (doronuma): bog
- 泥仕合 (dorojiai): mudslinging
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 泥 (MC nej|nejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 니 (ni) (Yale: ni) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource 泥 (eumhun 진흙 니 (jinheuk ni), word-initial (South Korea) 진흙 이 (jinheuk i))
Compounds
References
Han character
泥: Hán Nôm readings: nề, nê, nệ, nè, nể, nễ, nơi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
- Nom Foundation
- Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)
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