夷
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
|
夷 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大弓 (KN) or 難大弓 (XKN), four-corner 50032, composition ⿻大弓)
simp. and trad. |
夷 | |
---|---|---|
2nd round simp. | ⿻夫㇆ | |
⿻夫㇆ - 1981 |
Historical forms of the character 夷 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Originally ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 矢 (“arrow”) + [Term?] (“rope”). Later forms ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 大 (“person; big”) + 弓 (“bow”).
According to Yuè Juè Shū (越絕書), 夷 (OC *lil) is also the Yue word for "sea" (1). Therefore, Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *d(n)liʔ (“large river, sea”) (whence Khmer ទន្លេ (tŭənlei, “large river”) and Kuy thlèː (“sea”)). Meanwhile, Schuessler associates similar Hmong forms like Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao tl̥e (“river”) (< Proto-Hmong-Mien *gle) to *溪 (OC *kʰeː) "creek, rivulet, rill" instead.
In contrast, Ferlus (2009) reconstructs 夷's Old Chinese pronunciation as [lɨ] and connects 夷 to Proto-Kra-Dai *k-ri: (“Kra-Dai endonym”) (whence Thai ไท (tai, “"Tai endonym"”) and Hlai Hlai (“"Hlai endonym"”)). However, Ferlus concedes that such a derivation of 夷 from *k-ri: "remains speculative, [...] not as firmly established as for Hlai and Tai/Thai".
Meanwhile, Laurent Sagart (2008) instead suggested that the Yi languages were ancestral to Austronesian languages and formed a sister-group to Sino-Tibetan, probably related to Proto-Austronesian *i₃ (“personal article”).
Variety | Location | 夷 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /i³⁵/ |
Harbin | /i²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /i⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /i⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /i⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /i⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /i²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ji²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /i⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /i⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /i⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /i²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /i³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /i²¹/ | |
Kunming | /i³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /i²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /zz̩⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /i¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /i¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /i³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦi²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦi¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦi²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ji³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /i⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /i⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /i¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /i¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /i⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /i¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒï¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ji²¹/ |
Nanning | /ji²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /ji²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /i³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /i⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /i²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /i⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /zi³¹/ |
夷