弓
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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弓 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓 (N), four-corner 17207, composition ⿱コ㇉)
Historical forms of the character 弓 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – a bow.
Possibly related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ (“tree, branch, stem”) (Coblin, 1986), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with Burmese ကိုင်း (kuing:, “to bend over; to be bent”), အကိုင်း (a.kuing:, “stalk; branch”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (kung¹, “tree”), Jingpho kung (“to branch; to grow”), lakung (“branch; limb”), Lepcha ᰀᰩᰵ (kóng, “branch”), ᰀᰫᰵ (kúng, “tree”) (STEDT).
Schuessler (2007) proposes that both Old Chinese 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ are derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *koŋ, whence Nyah Kur [script needed] (kóoŋ, “bent (in the middle)”), Mon ကိုၚ် (“to be bent”), Khmer កោង (kaong, “to bend; to be bent”), Khasi pyrkhung (“to bend; to arch”), Pear kuŋ (“bend”), Vietnamese cong (“to be bent, curved”).
Also compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ku(ː)m (“arched; vaulted”)
Derivatives are 肱 (OC *kʷɯːŋ, “(upper) arm”) and 穹 (OC *kʰʷɯŋ, “arched; vault; sky”).
Variety | Location | 弓 |
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Mandarin | Beijing | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kuŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kuŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kəŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kuŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kuŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /kuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kũn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /koŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /koŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /koŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /koŋ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kəŋ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kuəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kuŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kũŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /koŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /koŋ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕoŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kuʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /kan¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /koŋ³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kən³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kuŋ⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kiuŋ⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kioŋ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /koŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /kiŋ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kyŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kœyŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /keŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /koŋ²³/ /kiaŋ²³/ |
弓