ردرفورديوم

ردرفورديوم (په انگرېزي: Rutherfordium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Rf سمبول او ۱۰۴ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Rutherfordium,  ₁₀₄Rf

عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˌrʌðərˈfɔrdiəm/ RUDH-ər-FOR-dee-əm
Rutherfordium په دوراني جدول کې
Hf ↑ Rf ↓ (Upo) lawrencium ← rutherfordium → dubnium ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	104
گروپ, پیریود	group 4, period 7
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
Mass number	267 (most stable isotope)
Electron configuration	[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2[1][2]
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد (predicted)[1][2]
دويلې کيدو ټکى	2400 K ​(2100 °C, ​3800 °F) (predicted)[1][2]
يشنا ټکی	5800 K ​(5500 °C, ​9900 °F) (predicted)[1][2]
Density near r.t.	23.2 g/cm3 (predicted)[1][2][3]
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	4,[1] (3), (2)[2][3] ​(parenthesized numbers are predictions)
Ionization energies	1st: 579.9 kJ/mol 2nd: 1389.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 2296.4 kJ/mol (more) (all but first estimated)[2]
Atomic radius	empirical: 150 pm (estimated)[2]
Covalent radius	157 pm (estimated)[1]
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close-packed crystal structure for rutherfordium (predicted)[4]
CAS Number	53850-36-5
History
Naming	after Ernest Rutherford
Discovery	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1964, 1969)
Main isotopes of rutherfordium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay3 کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 265Rf syn 1.0 min[5][6][7] SF 266Rf syn 23 s? SF 267Rf syn 1.3 h[8] SF
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د استعمال ځایونه

سرچينې

1. Chemical Data. Rutherfordium - Rf, Royal Chemical Society
2. Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.
3. Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. نه اخيستل شوی 4 October 2013.
4. Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
5. Ellison, P.; Gregorich, K.; Berryman, J.; Bleuel, D.; Clark, R.; Dragojević, I.; Dvorak, J.; Fallon, P.; Fineman-Sotomayor, C. (2010). "New Superheavy Element Isotopes: ²⁴²Pu(⁴⁸Ca,5n)²⁸⁵114". Physical Review Letters. 105 (18): 182701. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.105r2701E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.182701. PMID 21231101. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
6. http://cyclotron.tamu.edu/she2015/assets/pdfs/presentations/Utyonkov_SHE_2015_TAMU.pdf
7. Utyonkov, V. K.; Brewer, N. T.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Grzywacz, R. K.; Itkis, M. G.; Miernik, K.; Polyakov, A. N.; Roberto, J. B.; Sagaidak, R. N.; Shirokovsky, I. V.; Shumeiko, M. V.; Tsyganov, Yu. S.; Voinov, A. A.; Subbotin, V. G.; Sukhov, A. M.; Sabel'nikov, A. V.; Vostokin, G. K.; Hamilton, J. H.; Stoyer, M. A.; Strauss, S. Y. (15 September 2015). "Experiments on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei ²⁸⁴Fl and ²⁸⁵Fl in the ^239,240Pu + ⁴⁸Ca reactions". Physical Review C. 92 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.92.034609.

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