اوسميوم

اوسميوم (په انگرېزي: Osmium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Os سمبول او v۶ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Osmium,  ₇₆Os

عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈɒzmiəm/ OZ-mee-əm
Appearance	silvery, blue cast
Osmium په دوراني جدول کې
Ru ↑ Os ↓ Hs rhenium ← osmium → iridium ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	76
گروپ, پیریود	group 8, period 6
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	3306 K ​(3033 °C, ​5491 °F)
يشنا ټکی	5285 K ​(5012 °C, ​9054 °F)
Density near r.t.	22.59 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	20 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	31 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	378 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.7 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 3160 3423 3751 4148 4638 5256
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4 ​(a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.2
Ionization energies	1st: 840 kJ/mol 2nd: 1600 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 135 pm
Covalent radius	144±4 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for osmium
Speed of sound thin rod	4940 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	5.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	87.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	81.2 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[۲]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+9.9·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[۳]
Shear modulus	222 GPa
Bulk modulus	462 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.25
Mohs hardness	7.0
Brinell hardness	3490–4000 MPa
CAS Number	7440-04-2
History
Discovery and first isolation	Smithson Tennant (1803)
Main isotopes of osmium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 184Os 0.02% stable 185Os syn 93.6 d ε 185Re 186Os 1.59% 2.0×1015 y α 182W 187Os 1.96% stable 188Os 13.24% stable 189Os 16.15% stable 190Os 26.26% stable 191Os syn 15.4 d β− 191Ir 192Os 40.78% stable 193Os syn 30.11 d β− 193Ir 194Os syn 6 y β− 194Ir
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سرچينې

1. Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
2. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
3. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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